Minchenok Dmitry- writer, playwright. Was born in 1971. Graduated from GITIS. For many years he wrote stories and sketches for MK-Voskresenya; later, on the basis of these plots, the book “43 love stories from famous people of the planet” was published. In 1997 he won a competition of playwrights from the countries of Germany and the Baltic states with the play "Who are you, Madame?" and in 1998, the play was staged by Nikolai Pinigin at the Yakub Kolas Vitebsk Academic Theater. The performance won a prize at the festival of contemporary drama in Belarus. Based on his unpublished novel The Mysterious Madam Nelram, he wrote a play that was staged in 2001 at the Moscow Variety Theater under the title Farewell, Marlene, Hello.

D. Minchenk owns the scripts of several television documentaries of the First Channel, the TV channels "Russia" and "Culture". Together with Olga Dubinskaya, he wrote an essay book about modern and ancient Abkhazia "Dreams of Apsny". D. Minchenok is a laureate of the Irina Arkhipova and Vladislav Piavko Foundation prize and the owner of the Silver medal for the book about Isaac Dunaevsky in the series “ZhZL”, published in 2008.

Movsha Khatskelevich (later Moisey Khatskelevich and Mark Zakharovich) Chagall was born on June 24 (July 6), 1887 in the Peskovatik area on the outskirts of Vitebsk, was the eldest child in the family of the clerk Khatskel Mordukhovich (Davidovich) Chagall (1863-1921) and his wife Feiga-Ita Mendelevna Chernina (1871-1915). He had one brother and five sisters. The parents got married in 1886 and were cousins ​​to each other. The artist's grandfather, Dovid Yeselevich Shagal (in the documents also Dovid-Mordukh Ioselevich Sagal, 1824-?), Came from the town of Babinovichi, Mogilev province, and in 1883 he settled with his sons in the town of Dobromysli, Orshansk district, Mogilev province, so property of the city of Vitebsk "the artist's father Khatskel Mordukhovich Chagall is recorded as a" dobromyslyansky bourgeoisie "; the artist's mother came from Liozno. Since 1890, the Chagall family owned a wooden house on Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street in the 3rd part of Vitebsk (significantly expanded and rebuilt in 1902 with eight apartments for delivery). Marc Chagall also spent a significant part of his childhood in the house of his maternal grandfather Mendel Chernin and his wife Basheva (1844- ?, the artist’s father’s grandmother), who by that time lived in the town of Liozno, 40 km from Vitebsk. Received a traditional Jewish education at home, studying Hebrew, Torah and Talmud. From 1898 to 1905, Chagall studied at the 1st Vitebsk four-year school. In 1906 he studied fine arts at the art school of the Vitebsk painter Yudel Pen, then moved to St. Petersburg. In St. Petersburg, for two seasons, Chagall studied at the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, which was headed by Nicholas Roerich (he was admitted to the school without an exam for the third year). In 1909-1911 he continued his studies with L. S. Bakst at the private art school of E. N. Zvantseva. Thanks to his Vitebsk friend Viktor Mekler and Teya Brakhman, the daughter of a Vitebsk doctor who also studied in St. Petersburg, Marc Chagall entered the circle of young intelligentsia, keen on art and poetry. Thea Brahman was an educated and modern girl, several times she posed nude for Chagall. In the fall of 1909, while in Vitebsk, Thea introduced Marc Chagall to her friend Bertha (Bella) Rosenfeld, who at that time was studying at one of the best educational institutions for girls - the Gerje School in Moscow. This meeting turned out to be decisive in the fate of the artist. “With her, not with Thea, but with her I must be - suddenly it illuminates me! She is silent, so am I. She looks - oh, her eyes! - I also. As if we have known each other for a long time, and she knows everything about me: my childhood, my present life, and what will happen to me; as if she was always watching me, was somewhere nearby, although I saw her for the first time. And I realized: this is my wife. Eyes shine on a pale face. Big, bulging, black! These are my eyes, my soul. Thea instantly became a stranger and indifferent to me. I entered a new house, and it became mine forever "(Marc Chagall," My Life "). The love theme in Chagall's work is invariably associated with the image of Bella. From the canvases of all periods of his work, including the later one (after Bella's death), her "bulging black eyes" look at us. Her features are recognizable in the faces of almost all the women he depicts.

In 1911, Chagall went to Paris on a scholarship, where he continued his studies and met the avant-garde artists and poets who lived in the French capital. Here he first began to use the personal name Mark. In the summer of 1914, the artist came to Vitebsk to meet with his family and see Bella. But the war began and the return to Europe was postponed indefinitely. On July 25, 1915, Chagall's wedding to Bella took place. In 1916, they had a daughter, Ida, who later became a biographer and researcher of her father's work. In September 1915, Chagall left for Petrograd, joined the Military-Industrial Committee. In 1916, Chagall joined the Jewish Society for the Encouragement of Arts, in 1917 he returned with his family to Vitebsk. After the revolution, he was appointed commissioner for the arts of the Vitebsk province. On January 28, 1919, Chagall opened the Vitebsk Art School.

In 1920, Chagall left for Moscow, settled in a "house with lions" at the corner of Likhov Lane and Sadovaya. On the recommendation of A. M. Efros, he got a job at the Moscow Jewish Chamber Theater under the direction of Alexei Granovsky. He took part in the decoration of the theater: first he painted wall paintings for auditoriums and the lobby, and then costumes and decorations, including Love on Stage with a portrait of a ballet couple. In 1921, the Granovsky Theater opened with the performance "The Evening of Sholem Aleichem", designed by Chagall. In 1921, Marc Chagall worked as a teacher at the Moscow Region Jewish labor school-colony "III International" for street children in Malakhovka. In 1922, together with his family, he went first to Lithuania (his exhibition was held in Kaunas), and then to Germany. In the fall of 1923, at the invitation of Ambroise Vollard, the Chagall family left for Paris. In 1937, Chagall received French citizenship.

In 1941, the management of the Museum of Modern Art in New York invited Chagall to move from Nazi-controlled France to the United States, and in the summer of 1941 the Chagall family moved to New York. After the end of the war, the Chagalls decided to return to France. However, on September 2, 1944, Bella died of sepsis at a local hospital; nine months later, the artist painted two paintings in memory of his beloved wife: "Wedding lights" and "Next to her." The relationship with Virginia McNeill-Haggard, daughter of the former British consul in the United States, began when Chagall was 58 years old, Virginia - in her early 30s. They had a son, David (in honor of one of the Chagall brothers) McNeill. In 1947, Chagall came to France with his family. Three years later, Virginia, taking her son, unexpectedly ran away from him with her lover.

On July 12, 1952, Chagall married "Vava" - Valentina Brodskaya, the owner of a London fashion salon and the daughter of the famous manufacturer and sugar manufacturer Lazar Brodsky. But only Bella remained a muse all her life, until his death he refused to talk about her as if she had died. In 1960, Marc Chagall won the Erasmus Prize. Since the 1960s, Chagall mainly switched to monumental art forms - mosaics, stained-glass windows, tapestries, and also became interested in sculpture and ceramics. In the early 1960s, commissioned by the Israeli government, Chagall created mosaics and tapestries for the Parliament building in Jerusalem. After this success, he received many orders for the design of Catholic, Lutheran churches and synagogues throughout Europe, America and Israel. In 1964, Chagall painted the ceiling of the Parisian Grand Opera by order of French President Charles de Gaulle, in 1966 he created two panels for the Metropolitan Opera in New York, and in Chicago he decorated the building of the National Bank with the mosaic "Four Seasons" (1972). In 1966, Chagall moved to a house built especially for him, which served at the same time as a workshop, located in the province of Nice - Saint-Paul-de-Vence.

In 1973, at the invitation of the Ministry of Culture of the Soviet Union, Chagall visited Leningrad and Moscow. An exhibition was organized for him at the Tretyakov Gallery. The artist donated to the Tretyakov Gallery and the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin's works. In 1977, Marc Chagall was awarded the highest award of France - the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor, and in 1977-1978 an exhibition of the artist's works was organized in the Louvre, timed to coincide with the artist's 90th birthday. Contrary to all the rules, the works of the still living author were exhibited in the Louvre. Chagall died on March 28, 1985 at the 98th year of his life in Saint-Paul-de-Vence. Buried at the local cemetery. Until the end of his life, "Vitebsk" motives were traced in his work. There is the "Chagall Committee", which includes four of his heirs. There is no complete catalog of the artist's works.

Chagall Mark Zakharovich (1887-1985) was an artist of Jewish origin who worked in Russia and France. He was engaged in painting, graphics, scenography, was fond of writing poetry in Yiddish. He is a prominent representative of avant-garde art in the art of the twentieth century.

Childhood and adolescence

Marc Chagall's real name is Moses. He was born on July 6, 1887 on the outskirts of the city of Vitebsk (now it is the Republic of Belarus, and at that time Vitebsk province belonged to the Russian Empire). He was the first child in the family.

Father, Shagal Khatskel Mordukhovich (Davidovich), worked as a salesman. Mom, Feigi-Ita Mendelevna Chernina, was engaged in housekeeping and raising children. Father and mother among themselves were cousins ​​and siblings. Mark had five more younger sisters and a brother.

Mark spent most of his childhood with his grandparents. He received his primary education, as was customary among the Jews, at home. At the age of 11, Chagall became a student of the 1st Vitebsk four-year school. From 1906 he studied painting with the Vitebsk artist Yudel Pen, who had his own school of fine arts.

Petersburg

Mark really wanted to study further the fine arts, he asked his father to give him money to study in St. Petersburg. He threw 27 rubles to his son, poured himself some tea and sipped smugly, said that there was no more and he would not send him a penny anymore.

In St. Petersburg, Mark began to study at the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, where he studied for two seasons. This school was led by the Russian artist Nicholas Roerich, Chagall was taken to the third year without passing exams.

After drawing school, he continued to study painting at a private school. Two of his Vitebsk friends also studied in St. Petersburg, thanks to them Mark became a part of the circle of young intellectuals, poets and artists. Chagall lived very poorly, he had to earn a living day and night, working as a retoucher.

Here in St. Petersburg Chagall painted his first two famous paintings "Death" and "Birth". And Mark also had his first admirer of creativity - the famous lawyer and State Duma deputy Vinaver MM at that time. He bought two canvases from the aspiring artist and gave him a scholarship to travel to Europe.

Paris

So in 1911, on the scholarship he received, Mark managed to go to Paris, where he got acquainted with the avant-garde work of European poets and artists. Chagall fell in love with this city right away, he called Paris the second Vitebsk.

During this period, despite the brightness and uniqueness of his work, a thin thread of Picasso's influence is felt in Mark's paintings. Chagall's works began to be exhibited in Paris, and in 1914 his personal exhibition was to take place in Berlin. Before such a significant event in the artist's life, Mark decided to go on vacation to Vitebsk, especially since his sister was just getting married. He went for three months, but was delayed for 10 years, everything was turned upside down by the outbreak of the First World War.

Life in Russia

In 1915, Mark was an employee of the military-industrial committee of St. Petersburg. In 1916 he worked for the Jewish Society for the Encouragement of the Arts. After 1917, Chagall left for Vitebsk, where he was appointed to the post of the authorized commissariat for arts affairs in the Vitebsk province.

In 1919, Mark contributed to the opening of an art school in Vitebsk.

In 1920, the artist moved to Moscow, where he got a job at the Jewish Chamber Theater. He was an artistic designer, first, Mark painted the walls in the lobby and auditoriums, then he made sketches of stage costumes and scenery.

In 1921, he got a job at a Jewish labor school-colony for street children, which was located in Malakhovka. Mark worked there as a teacher.

All this time he did not stop creating, from under his brush came out such world-famous canvases:

• “I and my village”;
• "Calvary";
• "Birthday";
• "Walk";
• "Above the city";
• "White crucifixion".

Living abroad

In 1922, with his wife and daughter, Chagall emigrated from Russia, first they went to Lithuania, then to Germany. In 1923, the family moved to Paris, where 14 years later the artist was given French citizenship.

During the Second World War, at the invitation of the American Museum of Modern Art, he left for the United States away from Nazi-occupied France, he returned to Europe only in 1947.

In 1960, the artist was awarded the Erasmus Prize.

From the mid-60s, Chagall became interested in mosaics and stained-glass windows, sculpture, tapestries, and ceramics. He painted the Parliament of Jerusalem and the Paris Grand Opera, the Metropolitan Opera in New York and the National Bank in Chicago.

In 1973, Mark came to the USSR, where he visited Moscow and Leningrad, his exhibition was held at the Tretyakov Gallery, he donated several of his works to the gallery.

In 1977, Chagall received the highest French award - the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor. In the year of Chagall's 90th birthday, an exhibition of his works was held in the Louvre.
Mark died in France on March 28, 1985, where he is buried in the cemetery of the Provencal town of Saint-Paul-de-Vence.

Personal life

In 1909, in Vitebsk, Chagall's friend Thea Brakhman introduced him to her friend Berta Rosenfeld. In the first second of his acquaintance, he realized that this girl was everything to him - his eyes, his soul. He was immediately sure that his wife was in front of him. He affectionately called her Bella, she became for him the one and only muse. From the day they met, the theme of love occupied the main place in Chagall's work. Bella's features can be recognized in almost all women depicted by the artist.

In 1915 they got married, and the next year, 1916, their baby Ida was born.

Bella was the main love in his life, after her death in 1944, he forbade everyone to talk about her in the past tense, as if she had gone out somewhere and would now return.

Chagall's second wife was Virginia McNeill-Haggard, she gave birth to the artist's son David. But in 1950 they broke up.

In 1952, Mark married for the third time. His wife Vava - Valentina Brodskaya - owned a fashion salon in London.

Bella Rosenfeld was the eighth child of an Orthodox Jewish family. Her parents ran a jewelry store and were quite wealthy. The father was constantly immersed in the toru, the sharp-witted and practical mother was engaged in trade. Despite the patriarchal lifestyle of the Rosenfeld family, their views were broad enough to give Bella the opportunity to receive a secular education. Bella studied in Moscow at the women's courses of the historian V.I. Gerrier, was interested in literature, theater.

Bella Rosenfeld - wife of Marc Chagall

In 1909, while visiting her friend Tea Brahman, Bella met the poor young artist Moishe Segal. Thoughtful, constantly immersed in painting, which he considered the work of his life, not recognized by anyone, Moishe caused bewilderment and pity among those around him.

Bella saw talent and firmness of spirit in him, she believed in him even then, believed in him for the rest of her life. He later wrote: "For many years her love illuminated everything I did." They got married on July 25, 1915. Bella became the first wife and muse of Marc Chagall.

The love theme in Chagall's work is invariably associated with the image of Bella. From the canvases of all periods of his work, including the later one (after Bella's death), her bulging black eyes look at us. Her features are recognizable in the faces of almost all the women he depicts. ("Blue Lovers" 1914, "Pink Lovers" 1916, "Gray Lovers" 1917, "Acrobat" 1930) The motive of flight, soaring, detachment from reality, characteristic of Chagall's painting, is often associated with the theme of love. Often, love on Chagall's canvases is their joint flight with Bella. ("Birthday" 1915, "Above the City" 1914-1918)

Such a motive typical of Marc Chagall's work, like a wedding, probably most fully reveals the artist's attitude to his wife. In Chagall's work, reality is invariably merged with the mystical world, therefore, archetypal situations - death, birth, wedding - are of particular importance for the artist.

M. Shagal. Bella in White Gloves, 1915

The figure of the bride - a black-haired woman in a white dress - is always airy and weightless, in her deep black eyes there is an attachment to the mystery of the universe. This is the image of realized femininity, future wife and mother. ("Wedding" 1918, "Newlyweds on the Eiffel Tower" 1939, "The Artist over Vitebsk" 1982 - 1983, "The Artist and His Bride", 1980, "Wedding Lights" 1945)

The mythopoetic image of his native Vitebsk was also inconceivable for Chagall without Bella. The artist spent most of his life in a foreign land, his hometown has changed beyond recognition over time. However, Chagall's Vitebsk existed not only in his soul, but also in Bella's soul.

Birthday, 1915, New York, Museum of Modern Art

"It is your birthday today! Stop, don't move ... I still held the flowers ... You just threw yourself on the canvas, he, poor man, trembled at your hand. Brushes dipped in paint. Red, blue, white, black splashes flew. You whirled me in a whirlwind of colors. And suddenly he lifted him off the ground and pushed himself off with his foot, as if you felt cramped in a small room ... He stretched out, got up and swam under the ceiling. So he threw back his head and turned mine to him. He touched my ear with his lips and whispered ... And so we both, in unison, slowly soar in the decorated room, soar upward. We want to be free, through the window panes. There is a blue sky, the clouds are calling us. "

Bella Chagall

Their common forever lost homeland was their common cherished secret, the world of their dreams. The image of a pre-revolutionary town in Belarus is reflected not only in Mark's paintings, but also in Bella Chagall's book of memoirs "Burning Lights".

The Russian translation of the book was made not from the original, written in Yiddish, but from the French arrangement, but this does not in the least reduce the artistic value of the text. Mark wrote an afterword and illustrated the book. Burning Lights is a nostalgic, deeply lyrical piece. Like the memoirs of Marc Chagall "My Life", it helps to deeply feel the paintings of the great master.

On the day this man was born, there was a huge fire in his hometown, and people, saving his mother with an unborn child, carried her, lying in bed, from one shelter to another. Many interpreters attribute to this event the fact that, having become an adult, he was so eager to change places. The symbol of this fire was present in his paintings in the form of a red rooster. This person was the famous painter Marc Chagall, who lived for almost 100 years, who created a huge number of paintings, sculptural, ceramic, mosaic works. He also illustrated works, made stained glass windows and even wrote poetry. There are several little known to the general public about the moments associated with his life and work.

Birthplace disputes

Marc Chagall, whose real name is Moishe Segal, was born the first of 10 children born to Feiga and Khatskel Chagalls, who were cousins ​​and brothers. For a long time, the settlement of Liosino was considered the birthplace of Mark. However, the artist's biographers were able to prove that he saw the world on the outskirts of Vitebsk, called Peskovatika.

A nugget from the province

It is assumed that the talent of the artist was passed on to the young Moishe Segal from his great-grandfather Chaim, at one time a rather famous Jewish painter who painted synagogues. The young artist mastered the Azami of fine arts in the art school of the Vitebsk master Yudel Pen. This science went for him. Having reached the age of majority, the young man, having taken his works, went to the capital of the country, St. Petersburg, and so impressed the members of the selection committee with them that he was admitted immediately to the 3rd year of the Drawing School.

The artist's first model

A modest life in a large family did not allow Chagall to pay for the services of models, so the first of them was his mistress Thea Brahman, the daughter of the local doctor Wolf Brahman. Realizing that the aspiring artist was not able to pay for her services, she posed for Chagall for free. By the way, she also did Mark another favor: she introduced him to a girl who later became his wife.

Chagall - revolutionary and commissar

The new life that followed the two revolutions of 1917 lifted the young artist to the crest of the wave. Full of ideas for the transformation of art, he returned to his native land as the provincial commissioner for the arts. The mandate was given to him personally by the people's commissar Lunacharsky. The newly appointed Commissioner has actively taken to work. Already at the end of January 1919, with his submission, an art school was opened in Vitebsk, which he himself directed for a certain time. He also issued several decrees of the provincial level concerning the development of art in the Vitebsk region.

Gypsy's prediction come true

There is a belief that even in childhood, a gypsy woman guessed a long life full of events for the future artist, three marriages and death during the flight. This prediction came true exactly. The artist was married three times. His first wife was Bella Rosenfeld, whom Chagall was introduced to by his mistress and first model, Thea Brahman. The master lived with Bella for 29 years (from 1915 to 1944) until she died of blood poisoning. By the way, at first the girl also played the role of a model.

The next wife was the daughter of the former British consul in the United States, Virginia McNeill-Haggard. By that time, she was already divorced from an Irish artist. The second marriage did not last long and ended with the departure of the wife to a new lover along with their common child. However, Chagall's loneliness did not last long, and in 1952 he married a third time, already to the daughter of the manufacturer Lazar Brodsky, Valentina, affectionately referred to as Mark Vava.

Sculptures and ceramics

Marc Chagall had tremendous creative potential. Along with painting, he was seriously engaged in ceramics and stone carving. The last type of his work is little known to the general public, although there are about a hundred works in this direction. Stone carving carried him away in 1949 during his stay in Vence on the French Cote d'Azur. Then he was fascinated by various types of stones, and he himself decided to take up carving. His creations have something in common with biblical stories, show the relationship between the strong and beautiful halves of humanity.

Stained glass work

In the 1960s, craftsmen became fascinated with monumental art forms, in particular stained glass windows and mosaics. Soon he received an order from the Israeli government to create a mosaic panel on the parliament building in Jerusalem. His work was completed successfully, after which a whole series of similar orders followed to decorate religious temples. In total, the master made such creations, becoming the only artist who designed religious buildings simultaneously in several confessions: in Lutheran churches, Catholic churches, Jewish synagogues.

Unusual rating

Amazingly, there is an indicator for the popularity of the stolen paintings. Chagall's works occupy the third position in it, second only to Pablo Picasso and Juan Miro. At the moment, there are about 500 of the master's creations among the stolen ones.

/ Lyudmila Khmelnitskaya. "New information to the biography of Thea Brahman"

Lyudmila Khmelnitskaya. "New information to the biography of Thea Brahman"

Bulletin of the Marc Chagall Museum. No. 2. 2000, p. 5.

Thea Brakhman was a friend of Bella Rosenfeld, with whom she studied in the same class of the Mariinsky gymnasium in Vitebsk. Thea was born into the family of a doctor who had three more sons. Dr. Brakhman worked as an assistant in a Red Cross pharmacy located in the third part of the city at the corner of Vokzalnaya and Nizhne-Petrovskaya streets (Address and reference book of Vitebsk. Vitebsk, 1907, p. 145). Marc Chagall was introduced to Thea Brakhman by his Vitebsk friend Viktor Mekler.

According to Franz Meyer, Thea was a fairly modern young girl who "in the name of art" stepped over the prohibitions of bourgeois society. During her studies in St. Petersburg, where Chagall also studied, she posed for him nude several times (Meyer Fr. Marc Chagall. Paris, 1995. P. 43). The meeting with the intelligent and educated Thea Brahman made a real revolution in Chagall's life, by his own admission. Thanks to her, as well as to Viktor Mekler, the aspiring artist entered the circle of the young intelligentsia, passionate about art and poetry.

In the fall of 1909, while in Vitebsk, Teya Brakhman introduced Marc Chagall to her friend Bella Rosenfeld, who at that time was studying at one of the best educational institutions for girls - the Gerje School in Moscow. This meeting turned out to be decisive in the fate of the artist. “With her, not with Thea, but with her I must be - suddenly it illuminates me! She is silent, so am I. She looks - oh, her eyes! - I also. As if we have known each other for a long time and she knows everything about me: my childhood, my present life and what will happen to me; as if she was always watching me, was somewhere nearby, although I saw her for the first time. And I realized: this is my wife. Eyes shine on a pale face. Big, bulging, black! These are my eyes, my soul. Thea instantly became a stranger and indifferent to me. I entered a new house, and it became mine forever, "Chagall wrote later in his autobiographical book" My Life "(Chagall M. My Life. M., 1994, pp. 76-77). In 1915, Mark and Bella were married.

There is no information about the further fate of Thea Brahman in the shagal studies literature. In the State Archives of the Vitebsk region, they recently managed to find documents that shed light on her activities in Vitebsk in the first post-revolutionary years.

Thea Brahman joined the active social life in December 1918. At the newly created Proletarian University in Vitebsk, she began lecturing, was the leader of the seminar and acted as secretary. She later became an instructor in the out-of-school subdivision of Vitgubnarobraz and instructor in the arts subdivision in museum construction. As noted in the archival document, “at the same time, she continued to conduct lectures and teaching in evening schools for adults, in music schools and in circles, giving a course on the history of literature and the Russian public, and a lecture course on oral Russian folk art” ( GAVO, f. 1947, op. 1, d. 3, l. 239-239 ob.).

Being from October 1919 to December 1920 the instructor of the museum section at the subdivision of arts, Teya Brakhman was engaged in “work on the inventory and classification of the collections of the Artistic and Archaeological Gubmuseum and the Fedorovich Museum” (GAVO, f. 1947, op. 1, d. 3 , l. 241).

In January 1920, a provincial Commission for the Protection of Antiquities and Art was created in Vitebsk, headed by Alexander Romm. Thea Brakhman (GAVO, f. 1947, op. 1, d. 3, l. 146) was invited to the position of the Commission's secretary, who was engaged not only in maintaining her documentation, but also participated in solving various issues of museum construction.

Teya Brakhman's intensive and varied social activity in Vitebsk ends at the end of December 1920 with her departure “to Moscow at the disposal of the People's Commissariat for Education” (GAVO, f. 1947, op. 1, d. 3, p. 237). In early June 1921, she sent a letter to the Commission for the Protection of Antiquities and Art “about the possibility of obtaining a collection of porcelain for the Vitgubmuseum (...) released by the Moscow Museum Fund” (GAVO, f. 1947, op. 1, d. 5 , l. 26). At the meeting of the Commission on October 26, 1921, the question was considered "of receiving porcelain from Moscow in the amount of 55 items" (GAVO, f. 1947, op. 1, d. 5, l. 51). It is possible that it was just a collection received from the capital through the mediation of Thea Brahman.

Unfortunately, nothing is known about the further fate of this woman, about her activities in Moscow, as well as her relationship with the Chagall family.

Lyudmila Khmelnitskaya.