Essay Gorky M. - At the bottom

Topic: - "What is better: truth or compassion?" (on the play of Gorky "on the bottom")

She, truth, maybe, volat to you ...
Luke
In my opinion - Vali all the truth as it is!
Bubnov.

What is better: truth or compassion, however, or lies in good? Many philosophers, thinkers, literary critters tried to answer this question and try to answer. Yes, and each of us at least once in life was thinking over this dilemma. But unambiguous response is not found so far.
The question is that better: bitter truth or sweet lies in good, very difficult. Therefore, the attitude towards the truth in all people is different.
This is very brightly manifested in the play of A. M. Gorky "at the bottom", a kind of kaleidoscope of destinies, hopes and human characters.
The most tary supporter of "lies for the benefit" is the wanderer of Luka. In contrast to public opinion, the elder believes, "that it is not necessary to stun a man" Obuhom "of the truth" (N. Zhegalov). He says that sometimes it is necessary to lie for the benefit: "... the truth is, it is not always a person to death ... I don't always have the truth soul ..." Self-exchanger helps a person make it easier to demolish the difficulties of life (remember the story of Luke about the poor peasant, herself to the faith in the "righteous land", his comforting words that the elder said the dying Anna and who eased her death). At first glance, in such an attitude to lies and the truth you can see the contradiction of the beliefs of Luke with the biblical commandment: "not LGI". However, this contradiction is imagined. It must be remembered that many biblical truths and laws cannot be considered absolute (the Lord himself prevented about this).
In the book of books, there is a speech about the lies that can bring harm to people to blame their souls. But a lie, giving hope, encouraging a person to live and believe in the best, even if the world around the mired in immorality, has a beneficial effect on the human soul. And the bitter truth, which throws in despondency, which does not leave hope for the best, is evil for a person, because it contradicts another, no less important biblical commandment: "Not harming the neighbor."
It should be noted that Luka, despite his confidence, the need for "lies in good", does not deny the need to speak sometimes bitter truth. Expressing his attitude towards the atmosphere of mutual deafness and ignorance at night, the elder says: "I will see for you, brothers, - Your live - Oh! ..". He denses rough and closed in himself at night, revealing the dark picture of their lives before them. A person with great life experience, Luka understands that such an atmosphere of existence reigns in many other corners of the country. With sadness in his voice, he says: "Echeh ... Lord People! And what will happen to you? .. " The desire for the better, clean does not interfere with the wanderer to see the irresistibleness of the sorrowful human life: "Living - do not regret ... I regret myself - we can't ... where!".
Such diverse relations of Luke to the truth and lies are explained by his life position: "... For the best, people live ...". Where the truth helps a person to achieve the desired goal, it is necessary. But if the same truth makes a person retreat back, you need to discard it and cherish hope for the best, no matter how ghostly it is.
The arrival of the elder in the midst of the nightnamons is rendered by a beneficial effect on their souls, satin, relating to life indifferently and even contemptuously, becomes a tary defender of truth, calls for the nights to strive for a better life: "Man-eyella! It's great! It sounds ... proud! Human!". Despite the revolutionary pathos of his speeches, we see that Satin respects the old man, defends his beliefs and views on life: "The old man is not a charlatan!" But these beliefs are an eloquent speaker developing, bringing their highest point: "Lies - Religion of slaves and owners ... True - God's free man!". If Luka can be called "humble liberal", then Satina is "an irreconcilable revolutionary."
The tick, once in despair shouted: "... what does she have it - really?", Begins to look at it differently: "... you have to live - according to the law ... according to the Gospel ...". "Gospel" translated from Greek means "Blassing News", "Hope". And therefore live according to the Gospel - it means to live with the hope of heart.
It is even clear that the indifferent Baron varies: "And ... because I somehow born ... eh?".
Such questions are asked for other nightnits, which were reborn under the influence of Luke. They are fulfilled hope for the future, believe in the grateful truth. But the oppressive atmosphere of the atmosphere presses them with another truth - the truth about the revolitude and hopelessness of life. And, weak character, they cannot snatch out of their prison.
Under the lie, you can understand many human dreams and hopes. And in the modern world they are a support for a person, a source that feeds his weak spiritual forces. And therefore, the humane position of Luke seems to me the most correct, because the old man lights up the sparks of life with his speeches in us, forcing it, in spite of everything, to believe in the best, committing his earthly path.

True and lies. ... Two opposite poles associated with non-discontinuous string. What is more necessary for a person? It is strange to put such a question. After all, since childhood, we assure our concept about the truth as a positive quality, and about lies as negative. In the usual situation, it may be that it is not always important that you will say: the truth, the truth - or soling once again. And if it comes to, for example, a patient and a doctor, when the doctor does not doubt that the patient will not live until the next day. He does not know how to do it: to say everything in the eye or silent, hide. Here he is an eternal philosophical question. The question of the truth and the holy lies. ... This problem is raising M. Gorky in his play "at the bottom." In the nine hundred years, a cruel economic crisis broke out in Russia. Under the pressure of the grave economic oppression, a huge number of people descended on the "bottom" of life. In the play "At the bottom", M. Gorky paints us the amazing paintings of the life of the capitalist "bottom", which is presented in the form of Kostylevskaya at night. The main conflict of drama is a conflict in the souls of heroes, in their perception of peace, man, truth, conflict between real and desired. Here the argument about the truth is born here. In an interview with the St. Petersburg newspaper correspondent, M.Gorky, touching the problems of his play, said: "Do I need to bring compassion before using a lie like a bow? This question is not subjective, but a general philosophical. " So puts the problem of M.Gorky. Luke and Satin reflect on a person, his strength, his truth, about the attitude towards a person: "Man is true." Onion…. With the advent of this person, the soul of its inhabitants at the dwellings are becoming agitated, thoughts - intense, collected. Luke is a wanderer, preaching good, love and respect for people. This is a person who loves to reflect. He will not refuse his mind, he strives for the truth. Luke is not the main character of the play. He is only a composite center of the drama, around which the main conflict is built. The appearance of Luke is the tie of the play, its disappearance is climax. Luke is an interesting hero, causing a huge number of disputes around him. In order to try to understand who he is Taha, turn to the author. M.Gorky himself argued that Luka - Zhokoli, a deceiver and his name from his Luka - "crazy". Luka is a subtle psychologist. He immediately guesses what people need, and immediately it provides that comfortable wisdom, that fairy tale, which for the inhabitants of the surgery becomes a balm, healing all the wounds. Thus, Luke seeks not to change public obscures, but to the relief of that cross, which are ordinary people. Possibility is that the raisin, at the expense of which Luke conquers sympathies around others. Possibility and suggestion of false, fleeting illusion in the unprotective life of the pit, bottom, the abyss, from which no longer get out! Who - who, and onions understand it better than everyone! He himself does not believe in his "truth." And he knows that all said to them - nonsense, fiction or impracticable undertaking, but does it take him? Does he think about the consequences of his comforting fairy tale? Not! It's not interesting for him! And he proves it with its disappearance. Yes! He disappears, dissolves just at the moment when the people he left the heads need his words, in his advice, in these very fictions in the world. Luke instead of collecting and combining forces to fight, long and heavy, on the contrary, relaxes the residents of the night. Each of the G7er is trying to escape. And Luke strengthened this their desire. But how bitter becomes everyone after the realization of the complete inconsistency between the social position of the heroes and their inner world. No, I do not need people "True" Luke. She takes the strength to fight the reality in order to achieve happiness for which a person has been created. The inhabitants of the surgery are weak, they are untenable: with disappearance from their field of view, Luke leaves their dream of a new life lit by a wanderer. Everything remains in the old way. A completely different human type, a completely different life position is represented in the image of the Satin bosia. Satin - a fighter for justice. He fell into prison, because it came to the honor of his sister. Human injustice and years of terrible needs did not get satin. He sympathizes people no less than Luke, but he does not see the exit, facilitating suffering in a simple consolation of people. It was in his mouth that the writer invests a monologue in defense of man and human rights: "The person is free, he pays for everything." This play is bitter continues, rethinks and completes the theme of UNDERS, but at the same time the author is looking for answers and the philosophical questions, the main of which is the question: "What is better: compassion or truth? What more? ". There are various ideas, views, positions in the play; Each of the heroes responds to these questions in its own way. The action of the play occurs in the basement, devoid of light and air, sullen, cheese, stuffy. But it is here that a variety of people are forced to live. They create a collective, many-sided image of the "bottom". Heroes lead the usual lifestyle: they swear, quarrel, whose turn is removed, and so on. But the appearance of a wanderer Luke violates the established situation. First of all, it is necessary to say that this small sloped old man does not look like inhabitants at home. Its singing and smooth, soft speech contrasts sharply with a satin arm, intermittent tick phrases, shouts, whistle. Heroes are constantly humiliated each other, insult. Such appeals as a "goat you are redhead", "Old Dog", "Unclean Spirit", "Durekha", "Beasts" are quite common and are familiar here. And Luca calls the nightnamons not otherwise as "people honest", "brother", "dove", "Mother", "cute", "Detank". Another Luke attracts us the fact that for him all people are the same: "... in my opinion, not a single flea-it is bad: all-black, all-bounted," he says. Luka tells a lot of things, and, thanks to these stories, we will find out something about the wanderer. From his behavior in some episodes (the conversation of Luke with Bubnov, ash from Kostyleva) we can conclude that Luka is a runaway convict. Apparently, he, perfectly realizing that in the harsh conditions of Siberia he did not survive, decided to escape. And, probably, there is no passport on Luka, and he is so afraid of the police, which disappears at the moment when Kostyleva is killed. Almost all actors are deprived of something in life: the actor is to play on stage, tick - permanent work, Nastya - Love. They painfully try to change their position and find an understanding and sympathy for Luke. With his appearance, the nightlocks are growing faith in the best life, hope arises for the exit from the "bottom". He finds his approach to each person. Losing everything because of the thrust to alcohol, the actor of Luke gives faith in a cure: "From drunkenness now treated, hear! Free, brothers are treated ... Such a hospital is arranged for drunks ... so that it means to treat them ... refrain ... Take yourself in your hands and - tolerant ... And then you will cure ... And you will begin to live again ... Well, decide in two reception ... "Actor is easy Believes Luke because in the soul already carries this dream. According to Yu.Yuzovsky, the actor gives "to tie an eyebission" of an elevator deception. " Luke calms and Anna, gives her comfort before death, facilitates steps in life; "That means you will die, and it will be calmly ... nothing else will be needed, and it is not necessary to be afraid - there is nothing! ... Death - she still calms down ... She is affectionate for us ... you believe! You - with the joy of Pomiyay, without anxiety ... "Anna, who always beat and offended, sees in Look-like, similar to the father of man and believes him. Not so easily everything turns out at Luke with a thief and a gangster with a Vaska ash, soberly looking at things. But humanity, care, attention from the wanderer makes the ashes of sincerely believe in the "righteous land" - to Siberia, where you can start a new one, completely different life. Luke also convinces Natasha to believe the ashes and go along with them: "And I will say - go for him, girls, go. He is a guy nothing, good! " With Nastya, Luke does not arise any problems. She lives with dreams, and Luca only encourages her, saying: "Your truth, and not their own ... If you believe, you have real love ... So she was!". For the actor, Nastya, Anna, ash and Natasha Vera more important than truth. It is they who respond to the replica of Luke: "What do you believe, then there is." But not with all the nightnails at Luke there are wonderful relations. Some of them are - Burns, Baron - are not trying to escape, they are already despair and lost faith, hope for salvation. And Luka is smart enough to understand the unnecessaryness and the fruitlessness of attempts to change them. Luke brings to the world of sufferings, humiliations, misfortunes a very important idea - it is necessary to regret, understand and respect the people, sympathize with them and compassion: "It's not harmful to it ... it's necessary ... I need to be kind ... you need to regret people!" Luke comforts, gives an inhabitant at night hope. He says unlucky words to the owners, joins unjustly offended. For example, he says Baron: "You, Barin, why do the girl worry? After all, she pours tears for his pleasure ... What is it harmful to you? " However, in the form of Luke, not everything is so simple and definitely, as it seems at first glance. The main thing in Luke is the mind based on life experience. His kindness goes from the mind of Luka does not come up with a dream for each of the nightnails, but only supports the hopeful hope. For Luke "There are no objective truths and values, but there are so many truths, how many people" (B.V. Mikhailovsky). He is primarily a smart and heter. Especially difficult in the play, Luca and Satin interact. Satin smart and understands Luka. He largely repeats the words of the wanderer, but in its own way interpreting them. Satina and Luka unites the desire to help a person, but satin believes that a person should be a strong, free, not needy lie. Satin is convinced that the lies need a society where there are slaves. In order for a person to become free, it is important for him to know the truth: "Who is weak to the soul ... and who lives in other people's juices - the lies are needed ... it supports others - they hide behind it ... And who is the owner himself ... who is independent and not eating someone else False? Lies - Religion of slaves and owners ... True - God freedom - who man! " Satin denies the inhabitants of the night in the right to consider themselves people. He claims that pity is humiliation of a person. Luke in the name of salvation and help is ready to lie and do it. Luka prefers hope and confident that "not always the truth soul will cure. "He tells the nighttacks of a story about a person who believed in the" righteous land. " The ideological sense of parables is that the truth is not needed, she kills people. No wonder the actor in the second action reads the poem P. Berance "Madness". He holds a parallel between the onions and a madman, the "mankind of Golden's sleep". Over the years, the submission of the drama was reduced to the exposure of the comforting lies Luke Satin. But the bitter creates a complex, controversial, ambiguous, multifaceted image. Yes, Luke is kind, responsive, indulgent. He is interested in life, people, can listen carefully. Luke helps bosias to start respecting themselves. He is well versed in humans and knows that everyone needs each of the nights. The majority is great faith in the ability to live better. Even the bubnov is somewhat softened, only the Baron remains in this situation by the cynic. Luka sincerely wants to help the spectals. He finds the words of consolation, but his compassion leads to the taucan of the truth. The comforting luke lies for a while instills in the inhabitants of the night confidence and desire to get out of the "bottom". But at the same time brings sad consequences. Neither one of the heroes cannot realize your dream into life. Luke suddenly disappears, after which everyone feels disappointed and deceived. The return to reality is seriously experienced by them, especially painfully the actor reacts. He, instead of going to the hospital, "on the wasteland ... she caught." And Vaska ash sent to Siberia to the catguard. No wonder the tick says: "I fucked them somewhere ... And myself - I did not say the road .." I.F. Annensky wrote: "As a result, the arrival of Luke only accelerates the pulse of the fogging life for a minute, but he cannot save nor to raise anyone." In many respects, the responsibility for the suicide actor lies in Luka, but we cannot blame it in all the misfortunes of the night. They turn out to be too weak to resist society, and therefore are largely to blame. Luke - a false skeptic
and contemplator indifferent to people, but loving riddles
life, bizarre
Combinations of existence.

I. Annensky.

Gorky's play "On the bottom" was written in a thousand nine hundred and second year
About some "outstanding life." Gorky himself noted that the play was the result of him almost
Twenty-year observations over the world of "former people."

Gloomy life at night
Depicts the author as an embodiment of social evil. Gorky describes this shelter
Susty and "Chile": "The basement similar to the cave. Ceiling - Heavy, Stone Vaults,
Wrapped, with a crumbling plaster. Light - from the viewer and, from top to bottom, -
and the square window on the right side. " Under the arches of this dungeon were
People of various characters and social status. Each of them endowed
Its individual features. Drawing all the inhabitants of the night and emphasizing
In them, human traits worthy of compassion, bitter at the same time
Decisitiously reveals the powerlessness of Bosyakov in the play. Each of the night has lived
hopes, but change its deplorable position can not because of the tragic
Cutting circumstances. But here appears in the play new, unknown from where
The character was held - Luka, who was conceived bitter as mysterious,
Contradictive figure. On the one hand, he acts as a comforter's role,
Giving hope inhabitants of the night, on the other hand, the expose.

Gorky himself pointed out what the main problem of the play was the main problem: "The main
The question I wanted to put, is that better, truth or compassion?
Do I need to bring compassion before using a lie like a bow? "
More precisely: what is better - truth or compassion, however, or a lie to salvation.

This question is complicated as life itself. With all its complexity,
We will try to answer him.

Old Luke Performs a role in the play
Comer. Anna he soothes conversations about the blissful life after death. Ash
Seducts paintings of free life in Siberia. Drunking actor he reports
About the device of special hospitals, where they treat alcoholics. Luka says
The unilent words "owners of life", joined those whom, in his opinion,
Unjust offended. On the other hand, it is not always kind and fuzzy. When
It is called "soft", he answers with bitter irony: "Mills are a lot, therefore
Soft ". In the very first appeal to the inhabitants of the surgeon, Irony is heard: "Good
Health, people honest! " Or "I and Zhulikov respect. No flea is bad ... "
It seems that Luke does not really respect those to whom it turns out,
To each of the surroundings of Luke his psychological approach. He tells the parable
About man who believed in the existence of righteous land. When some scientist
I proved that there is no such land, the man hanged himself with grief. This Luka wants extra
Once confirmed how much the savory is sometimes a lie and how the truth is not needed.
After meeting with Luka, heroes feel deceived, although he does not speak anyone
In the literal sense of the word of false. Actually gradually turns out
that he only deprived of all hopes, although the main reason for the defeat of the heroes -
their weak will, social structure of society, but certain responsibility
falls on Luka, because he himself does not believe that these people want themselves
Help.

The philosophy of lies that "shows" to us and the heroes of Luka, that is
The philosophy of excuses of saving lies - the author rejects. Fale of an elder Luke
takes a reaction role, this is a lie - the expression of the weakness of historical
impotence.

The song itself exposes the philosophy of Luke. Perhaps,
It can be attributed to the psychological type of the "Great Provocator". Itself
Reality, the harsh truth of life refutes the comforting Luke lies.
His blessings on the scene seem to be fake author. Bitter
Resorts to an unusual compositional reception: he long until the final removes
Luka, which no longer appears. Clash subjective and objective
Moments and followed by this disaster and shows bitter. Philosophy Luke.
Rejects the opposed Satin opposed to him: "Lies are the religion of slaves and owners.
True - God's free man! " If the ideas of Luke are the past, then the ideas of satin -
The future, but to the present case satin is unsuitable.

Accurate and actual
Answer to the question of the author: "What is better: truth or compassion?" - There is no possession.
It seems to me that a lie to salvation is necessary. Luka tries to give dying
At least some hope, it carries some small,
But relieving the inhabitants of the night. All the rest are the life and sin,
sin, sin. And man lives hope! ..

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

federal State Committee

autonomous educational institution

higher professional education
"National Research Nuclear University" MEPI "

Dimitrovgrad Engineering and Technological Institute -

branch Niau Mafi.

"M. Gorky Piece" At the bottom. "

A dispute about a person, the problem of truth. "

Methodical development of open classes

in the discipline "Literature"

lecturer: Gamula N.V.

Dimitrovgrad.

2013

Content

Methodical characteristics of the topic

Plan lesson

Structure occupation

Materials for the lesson

Literature

Plan lesson number 63

Specialty: 030912 Law and Social Security Organization

Discipline:"Literature"

Group:122

Date:03/19/2013

Subject: "M. Gorky play "At the bottom." Dispute about man, problem truth "

Type of classes: Generalization and systematization of studied material

Training method:Problem method, discussion

Time:90 min

Funds: Multimedia Projector, Screen, Computer Presentation, Student Rate Assessment Maps

Objectives lesson:

1. The purpose of learning:

show students as the genre peculiarity of the play "On the bottom" is reflected in conflicts;

create a problem situation and help students form an opinion about Luke, his role in the play and its influence on the fate of heroes.

2. The purpose of development

contribute to the formation of competencies of a sustainable desire for self-improvement;

development of social and communicative competencies through speech and mental activity;

development of the ability to conduct discussions, overcome the moral maximalism.

development of readiness for valuation activities, the ability to give an argued assessment of various views and positions;

continue the formation of skills to work in a group, public speech, the ability to defend their point of view;

promoting the formation of your own point of view, active life position.

3. PURPOSE OF EDUCATION:

maintain interest in discipline through the content of the educational material;

to form a humane attitude towards disadvantaged people, the desire to do good every way, the ability of compassion, the ability to respond to someone else's pain;

rail "culture of dispute."

The student must

know:

the content of the play M. Gorky "at the bottom";

characterization of the main feature-characters of the play "At the bottom".

be able to:

relate the actual material with the problem analyzed;

competently and concisely state their point of view;

to enter into a dialogue with other participants in the discussion.

Interdisciplinary ties:

"History";

"Social science".

Structure occupation

Travel course.

Organizing time.

Greetings of students, checking their readiness for the beginning of classes, checking absent.

2. Actualization(Slide number 1).

At the last occupation, we started familiarizing with the play M. Gorky "at the bottom." They learned about the history of the creation of the play, her staged on stage, met the main characters of the play, their stories, classes at the present period of time.

??? For conversation:

Genre play - philosophical, why? (Student responses that the eternal question, who worrying a person, about the truth and lies) is solved in the work.

Which of the heroes of the play makes everyone else remember that they are, above all, people? Makes them open their hearts? Luke.

Luke has its own life position, its behavior manner towards surrounding people. Which of the nightnails has a polar point of view, who can become an opponent of Luke in the question of the truth and lies - the main question solved in the play? Satin.

3. Motivation of educational activities.

So, the main dispute is on the play about a person, and what problem is the problem of heroes? Truth and lie.

Based on this, how can I formulate the topic of today's lesson? Spore about man, the problem of truth. Discover, please, your notebooks, mark the number and write down the topic (Slide # 2).

Let's turn to the occupation of classes: "Nevertheless, nor the audience, no review of the play, did not disappoint. Praise - praise, and do not want to understand ". (From the letter M. Gorky.)(Slide number 3).

What did Gorky contemporaries in the play do not understand? We will have to answer this and other issues to today's lesson.

Issues for discussion:

1. The causative agent of the calm of the nightnails is Luka. What does he carry inhabitants of the night house?

2. To find out what you need at night: True or lies, what should we do today? Find out the life positions (philosophy) of the main opponents of the play, the influence of each of them on the rest of the heroes of the play, which leads the conversations of Luke as a result.

4. Main part.

So, in order to negone our conversation further and solve the main question of the play, I suggest today's occupation in the form of a discussion. To do this, I ask you to be divided into two groups, according to the principle of homework: the bubble quotes are "optimists", and the statements of Satina, the main opponent of Luke, "Critics". Two students will be "experts" and on the map, which contains criteria, appreciate the work of all participants in the discussion.

I remind the rules for the participants: (Slide number 4) .

1. There are no observers here, each is an active member of the conversation.

2. Inappropriate jokes are prohibited!

3. A sharp, the test word is welcome!

4. Say what you think - think what you say.

5. Be tactful, sincere, interchangeable and principled.

6. Raised hand - I ask words.

In the play, the problem of a person, the truth is solved for him in three ways ( Slide number 5) represented by the points of view of the author, Luke and Satin.

Let's get acquainted with the author's position: A.M.Gorky argues with Luka:live in captivity of illusions And the insight is always tragic. And the mostscary - whata person can reconcile with his hopeless life . This reconciliation cannot be allowed (Slide number 6).

Composition playexposes Luke philosophy . (Recording the main moments in the notebook).

4.1. Support the advanced job.

To today, you have had an advanced job. You should have completed it according to options: 1 option - write out of the expression test, quotes characterizing the life philosophy of Luke, and 2 option - satin. What quotes from the text did you write out? What expressions characterize Luke's life philosophy? (Check and comments teacher quote).

Record from the slide of the basic formulation of Luke's life philosophy (Slide number 7).

The main Opponent of Luke is satin. What expressions characterize his vital philosophy? (Check and comments teacher quote).

Record from the slide of the basic formulation of the life of Satin's life philosophy (Slide number 8).

4.2 Discussion.

So, there are three philosophies in the play. Who is right? Whose philosophy wins? ( Slide number 9).

A.M.Gorky said: "The main question I wanted to put it is - what is better: truth or compassion? What you need? This is not a subjective question, but a general philosophical. "

Is it possible to say that this is a question intiggy? .. Why?

For today, let's try to answer this question.

The most ambiguous image in the play is a bow,which, of course, can cause a variety of feelings. But it is known that only "noticeable" people make talk about themselves. Luke: What is he really? The question of the truth and lies, undoubtedly, very complicated. It is often not easy to see the border between these moral categories. That is why it still remains open. Before justifying or condemning this hero, let's remember what the author himself said about his character.

(Student reads words A.M. Gorky about the play: "Nowadays, the comforter can be shown on the theater scene only as a figure negative and comic").

And what associations cause this name you? (Frontal conversation).

Luka is one of the apostles, disciples of Christ, the distributor of his teaching.

Luka - derived from the word "crazy", i.e. Cusarial, characterized by malice, covered by showing friendly benevolence.

Wenty - demon, seductive and lung man.

So who is he, this "curious" old man? Buddyoba or apostle? What is his goal? What role does the bitter in the play take?

The genre of this work allows you to interpret the image of Luke in different ways(Slide number 10). Before you three points of view:

1) Luka - the eternal, unprecedented wanderer, the truth seeker (Interpretation of Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky, Mkhat, Actor - Ivan Moskvin);

2) Luke - Fugitive, he is passive, he soothes a person only for a while, suppressing an active start. Luka - adaptable. (I. Annensky);

3) Luke - Apostle (Merezhkovsky).

I offer "Optimists" to clarify the opinion of the director Mkhat K.S. Stanislavsky and D. Mezhkovsky, and the opinion of the "critics" is the opinion - I. Annensky. Try to defend your position. (Discussion in groups of 2-3 minutes, then a general discussion).

Output: Luke is characteristic and positive qualities and negative, one cannot argue that this hero is a supporter of some one side.

2. Luke interacts almost with all the characters, what is his stories about? Who are they addressed?(Slide №11).

the story of the afterlife, the promise of calm;

story about the hospital for alcoholics;

story about Siberia, Golden side;

the story of "righteous land."

What is the purpose of Luka telling these stories? What does he want to achieve this?

Output:Luke The most eldest of the heroes of the play, he was 60 years old, at the time an ancient old old man means wise. Again the wanderer, and the wanderers always told stories, remember the fecusha from the Piesen N. Oostrovsky "Thunderstorm". Luke tries to morally support the nightnamons, speaking to them what they want to hear.

3 . So, what bowl: kind or cunning? (Discussion in groups of 2-3 minutes, then a general discussion), ( Slide number 12).

Luka gives the answer himself: "We need someone and kind to be ... You need to regret people! Christ - he spared everyone and told us so much. " (Slide №13).

Output: Luke is kind from nature, that is why he tries to support the moral inhabitants of the night, since nothing else can offer them. But in tricks, he will not refuse him: being in an unfamiliar society of people who have nothing to lose, he is forced to behave so that he will be accepted and not offended.

Questions for the front conversation ( Slide number 14) :

Does Luke really helped anyone from the inhabitants of the night?

How did Luke behave with dying Anna? Actor? Vaska ash? Natasha?

Does the old man call not call the city in which he is treated from alcoholism?

Does Luke blame in the death of the actor?

At least something has changed at the night? ( Slide number 15) . Satin: "He worked on me, like an acid to an old and dirty coin."

What happens after leaving Luke? ( Slide №16) .

Why nevertheless Luke did not stay with those who could regret? Can I call his act? (Apparently, I understood that it was impossible to help these people, was too soft or went there, where the same inhabitants of the bottom were waiting for him, did not know how to solve problems, he studied only to smooth them, was a preacher of comforting a lie. Yes, this is a passion, you can not throw people. At the most difficult moment. Once it took them to help- help to the end).

How could events be developed if the bow did not disappear? (Groups: Positive and negative event scenario).

Satin. Why does he protect Luka? ( Slide number 17) .

"There is no essential difference between Luka and Satin," I wrote A.V. Lunacarsky. What does the founding of A.V.Lunochard so say? Why does he put onions and satin in one row?

What do you think you need a man onions (not a character), and a person who at least for a short time can give hope?

So then right? What do you understand the truth heroes of the play, and what truth is needed by him? (Nastya assures primarily in the existence of bright love (Act 3, p. 611-612), Baron - to the existence of its prosperous past (Act 3, p. 613); Tick is true calls its position, which turned out to be hopeless after the death of his wife (Act 3, p. 615-616). Another level of truth - ideological. (Luke) "If you believe - there; You do not believe - no ... What do you believe, then there is ... "(Act 2, p. 603).

Where does the nightshocks truth Luke? ( Vaska ash will go to the cowboy in Siberia, convicted of killing Kostyleva; The actor, having lost faith in herself, will repeat the fate of the parable hero, told Luka).

Output: So, false hope is very dangerous? But Luke did not promise to withdraw from the bottom of life, he simply supported their faith that there is a way out.
Maybe it's not about Luke and his "lies", but in the weakness of the nightnails, in their inability to resist the circumstances?

(Slide №18) It has been documented that at that time there were 3 hospitals for alcoholics in Russia and at least 2 of them were free.

Sultious Siberia at the time for a strong person, and ash precludes that it provides rather rich opportunities to arrange their lives. And the main thing is that ashes, as he himself said, began to steal because before this, that in all her life no one with his own name, except "the thief", "the son's thieves did not call. Therefore, Siberia is a place where no one knows and the thief will not call, ideal for ash.

It turns out onions did not lie to the nightnings?

15. Let us return to the epigraph of our classes. What did the Gorky contemporaries in this play?

D. Garnis wrote: "I see all sorts of death on the front. And what people die in hospitals, the thing is inevitable. But this death struck me. Alien, no matter who called this woman, languishing from loneliness in the face of death. Unbearable, there must be a feeling. The punishment is terrible, for which is unknown. Though to lean to someone. Caring for a person, free medicine, humanism, the collectivity of life - how to connect this with the fact that here is a person who spent his entire age, dies in such abandonment? Is this not shame, not a shame and wines our universal?

Article D. Gorbon, awakened the moral forces of society, was called "about mercy."

Is it possible to say that this is precisely the contemporaries of M. Gorky?

The work of "experts".

And now "Experts" will summarize our today's discussion, and summarize our conversation .

5. Reflection.

Issues for discussion:

1. Is modern a play?Is it possible to say that it is not only about the "bottom" people, but in general about a person, about each of us?

(Some students say that sometimes a lie "in salvation" can help a person, he will be happy at least for some time, and sometimes it is already important.
Others - about danger live illusions, that you can't live blindly, it is necessary to try to understand yourself in order to live meaningfully.)

Did we manage to answer the main question of the play? What is more important for a person: truth or compassion? (Slide number 20) .

Output:(Slide №21) . By the author, but the play is a special genre that implies that the viewer or reader will independently put his opinion on the subject of the argument of heroes, independently make a conclusion.

The main question of the play and remains unresolved. Everyone himself decides him for himself. I think that anyone in a difficult minute of life needs both sympathy, and support, but living with one illusions meaningless.

And now fill in the table in which you characterize your participation in the lesson ( Slide №22) .

Occupation

I'm in class

Outcome

1. Interesting

1. Worked (a)

1. Understood (a) material

2. Boring

2. Rested (a)

3. Indifferent

3. Helped (a) to others

3. I did not understand (a)

Discussion of the results of student self-assessment.

Will your discussion skills in your chosen profession? In which area?

Summarizing.

Thank you all for active participation in the discussion of this topic. It is nice to note that many of you are quite reasonable, justified by following all the rules of etiquette for discussion, can prove their point of view.

Task at home(Slide №23) :

1. Perform a problem task: "Imagine that Luke returns to the night a few months after the suicide of the actor. How will he meet "former" people?

2. Write an essay on the topic: "What is better: truth or compassion"? (On the play M. Gorky "at the bottom").

Materials for the lesson.

Reflection map

Occupation

I'm in class

Outcome

1. Interesting

1. Worked (a)

1. Understood (a) material

2. Boring

2. Rested (a)

2. I learned (a) more than knew (a)

3. Indifferent

3. Helped (a) to others

3. I did not understand (a)

Criteria for assessing students' work at the lesson

F.I. Student

Selection

aphorisms

3 opinions about Luke

What are the stories onions?

Luka: good or cunning?

Does it really help to someone from the nights?

"There is no essential difference between Luka and Satin"

What did the Gorky contemporaries do not understand?

Total scores

Evaluation

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Normal standards:

"5" - 35-30 points

"4" - 29-19 points

"3" -18-8 points

"2" - 7-0 points

Literature (Materials of Internet Sites: http: // www .festival .1 september .RU, http: //, http: // www .pedsovet .ru):

1. Grebenkova T.G., A.M. Bitter "At the bottom." The subject of the lesson: "Luka ... Who is he?" Old Man - Charlatan "or sincerely thirsty good man?"

   Banova I.L., "Bun M. Gorky against L. Tolstoy (on the play M. Gorky" at the bottom ")".

   Ilina E.N., the abstract of the lesson on the play M. Gorky "at the bottom."

   Mikhaleva M.V., Protasova N.A., "Deligent people: fate or coincidence?" According to the play by A.M. Gorky "at the bottom."

   Kosilova O.I., Gorky-playwright. Features of the genre and conflict in the play "On the bottom".

How to write an essay on the topic: "Why do you need to tell the truth." Examples of essays for high school students.

The choice between the truth and lies is not always easily given even adults, confident in their actions to people. And when the task of making a similar choice and arrange it in the form of an essay, everything becomes more complicated even more.

Children tend to doubt and mistake, and this is normal. So that the child can correctly state and beautifully teach his thoughts, the article offers the best arguments for the composition: "Why you need to tell the truth" and several ready works on this topic.

The topic "Why you need to talk truth": arguments for writing

Arguments for Essay:

• L.N. Tolstoy in the autobiographical trilogy describes the strong suffering of the boy Nicholya, who is shy of deceptions, reproaches itself for them. He even at night a dream is disturbed because he did not confess to the priest, hiding his deceptions.
• Victor Dragunsky in Denisian Stories shows the experiences, shame and repentance of women and her son, because of the deception of which a man suffered.
• "At the bottom" Maxim Gorky is the most vivid example of the fact that the lie for good does not always help, facilitates or saves. Luka was convinced that his lies were justified, and satin was left unshakable and fought for the truth to the last.

In the composition you can also use one or more statements and aphorisms about the truth and lies:

• Only that person enjoys respect and confidence that always tells the truth.
• "It is not easy to decide to tell the truth, but it is easier to live with it than with lies."
• "Lying always gives rise to a new lie, even more sophisticated and terrible."
• "Everyone deserves to know the truth, and not be deceived."
• "FALSE - SINGLE OF PRICES."
• "The truth is not easy to speak, for this you need courage."
• "True is the God of a free man."
• "It will not be able to restore constantly, the truth will always make your own business."
• "Naked truth is more beautiful than rich lies."
• "Only that is good, honestly." (Cicero)
• "Live in truth, here is the best sermon." (Miguel Cervantes de Saoveoverov)

How to write an essay on the topic "Why you need to tell the truth"

How to write an essay on the topic "Why you need to talk truth": examples of writings

Here are some writings on the topic: "Why you need to tell the truth."

Essay №1. Truth or lie?

"Gorky truth is better than sweet lies" - assures folk wisdom. There is no doubt that a lie is bad. But is it always relevant and need true?

Each familiar is the situation in which you have to choose: to tell the truth and offend, disappointing a close person or to lie and protect it from unnecessary experiences. It is especially difficult to make a decision if a conversation has a conversation with a close friend. Lies of hypocrisy, and this is unacceptable for friendship. True will upset a friend, hurt him. Many in this case make a decision to just be silent.

What will happen if you choose the so-called "false fellow"? It is likely that it will help to avoid trouble, raise the mood. But surely a lie will draw a new lie. We'll have to lie again and again, inventing all new and new incredible stories, entangling in the web of the deception is all stronger. And in the end, the truth will still open. Respect and confidence will be lost forever, and further explanations may not need - a friend simply does not want to deal with the hand.

It's more difficult to tell the truth than to lie. But an honest person always deserves respect, because he can be trusted, he will never betray, will not deceive and not advise.

Great value for everyone is good human relationships. That is why it is worth attaching the maximum effort to keep them. That is why in a difficult choice between rough truth and sweet lies need to be preferred first. However, it is not enough just to tell the truth. Having learned competently, at the right moments to "serve", it will be possible to keep good relations with the friend and do not be asleep.

Essay on the topic: "True or a lie?"

Essay number 2. Tell the truth - boldly or stupid?

Is it possible to say that only bold people speak the truth? After all, sometimes this truth may be a devastating force that can deeply hurt and even kill a person. At the same time, the lie will hide everything badly, will continue to live in ignorance quietly.

The confirmation of this is the bright act of Andrei Sokolov - the main character of the work of M. A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". Returning from the front, he met Vanyusha, whom the war made orply. A little boy did not guessed that he had a completely alone in the whole world and he had more to wait. Andrei sewed Vanyushka, introducing himself to his father. But this lie saved the child. Would anyone be at that moment that would be better from the fierce truth that the Native Father Vanya took the war?

However, not everything is so unambiguously in this matter. On the example of another literary hero, you can make sure that the truth is better deception. Rodion of Raskolnikov from "Crime and Punishment" F. M. Dostoevsky is experiencing terrible flour of conscience. He committed a terrible, but a confession to him very hard. However, he should receive deserved for their affairs. Understanding this, Rodion admits in everything, for which he carries proper punishment.

It turns out that telling the truth, whatever it is, can only a very bold man. Even bitter truth sooner or later pops up, putting a lie not in the best light. But this is always relevant this truth, everyone must decide for himself.

Writing: "Talk to the truth - boldly or stupid?"

Essay number 3. Why do you need to tell the truth?

Why do you need to tell the truth? In fact, even journalists, politicians and public people are allowed in our time. It seems that the lies in one or another appeared to the life of each of us and forever asslaved in our hearts. We already calmly respond to another lie from the television screens, from the pages of popular newspapers and from the mouth of loved ones. To whom it becomes easier if we all say only the truth, and what happens bad if everyone goes to lie?

Maybe hiding behind the famous phrase "Lies to salvation", you can not even think about the truth? But is the savior of this lie? To answer all these questions, I had to turn to the classic literature. Some of the brightest literary characters who personify the lies and the truth are Luke and Satin from the play "At the bottom" Maxim Gorky.

Luke comforts all the surrounding unfortunate inhabitants of the night. A woman who dies from the incurable disease, he tells about the wonderful calm in a different world, which she will soon acquire, the Warmer - about the wonderful life in Siberia, the propoice actor promises rapid healing in a special clinic. Luka is lying, but he lies, as if, for the benefit and consolation.

Satina has completely opposite glances to life and ideas about good and evil. He fights for the truth to the end. Trying to restore justice, it turns out to be in prison. He is not indifferent to the fate of the disadvantaged, but he does not see the point of lie to them, calling the lies of the "religion of slaves and owners." In truth, satin sees human freedom. It is categorical and does not accept other ways.

Who of these heroes is right? The dying Anna takes a lie, with pleasure he listens to the speech about the soon calmness, but before his death, nevertheless, he regrets that her life will soon fade. The actor leads abacus with life on its own, and the thief is in the link. I needed this, albeit "comforting", but still a lie? Has she helped someone? It turns out that there is no.

The heavy stone lay down this lie on the shoulders of Luke. And satin remained honest before the people around him and, first of all, himself. It is always easier to live with the truth than with a lie. An honest truthful person cannot be confused, he is proud, straight and confident, so he deserves respect.

Any of these essays is just an example, a sample of school work student on the topic: "Why should you tell the truth." Of course, a child can have their own ideas that he wants to express in his own work, and the proposed writings will help him in this.

Video: How to write essays?