Battle of Stalingrad class hour (2nd grade) on the topic. Extracurricular activity for elementary school
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Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 63 “Star” BATTLE OF STALINGRAD prepared by teacher of the highest qualification category Aleksandrova M.Yu.
STALINGRAD is a city located on the right bank of the Volga. Now this city is called Volgograd.
During the Great Patriotic War, in August 1942, fascist tanks burst into Stalingrad, followed by enemy infantry. Bombers circled over the city like birds of prey. They dropped thousands of bombs on houses. Thus began the attack on Stalingrad.
The Nazis were met by heroic resistance from our army.
The city gradually turned into a heap of ruins. Our infantrymen, tankers, and artillerymen fought for every house.
“The flames of the fires rose several hundred meters. Fascist planes flew overhead. Not only the earth, but also the sky trembled from the explosions. Buildings collapsed, walls fell, iron warped,” Colonel General Alexander Rodimtsev wrote about these days.
November 19, 1942 The Red Army in the Stalingrad area dealt a crushing blow to the Nazis. Our troops went on the offensive.
February 2, 1943 The Battle of Stalingrad ended with the victory of our people. The fascist soldiers surrendered.
The Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943. On May 1, 1945, by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin, Stalingrad was named among the first hero cities. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 8, 1965, for outstanding services to the Motherland, courage and heroism shown by the working people of the city during the Great Patriotic War, the hero city of Volgograd was awarded the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star".
Battle of Stalingrad 17.07.1942 – 02.02.1943
Bow to the earth, harsh and beautiful !
The presentation was prepared by I.V. Kovaleva,
teacher primary classes MBOU secondary school No. 10
200 days and nights –
The Battle of Stalingrad continued
Command Soviet troops
Chuikov V.I.
Vatutin N.F.
Zhukov G.K.
Hitler and Paulus for the development of military plans.
Stalingrad before the war
Telephone operator of the communications company, private M . M . Putilov
distinguished himself in battles on the Stalingrad front.
- Matvey Putilov- signalman of the 308th headquarters rifle division. In the midst of the battle, while repairing a damaged communication line, both his hands were crushed. Expiring
- bleeding, the hero crawled to the place where the communication line broke, and, losing consciousness, connected both wires with his teeth.
- Mikhail Panikakha - soldier of the 1st company of the 193rd rifle division of the 885th rifle regiment. A bottle of flammable liquid he lifted onto an enemy tank ignited when hit by a bullet. Covered in flames, he rushed to the German vehicle, smashed a second bottle on its armor and lay down on the tank’s armor. Dying, Mikhail destroyed the enemy tank with its crew.
Vasily Zaitsev - a famous sniper, Hero Soviet Union
- Vasily Zaitsev - sniper of the 284th Infantry Division. He personally destroyed 242 fascists, and the soldiers he trained as a sniper killed 1,106 enemy soldiers and officers. The fascist German command, in order to destroy Zaitsev, brought the head of the Berlin sniper school, Major Konings, to Stalingrad. But after 4 days he was shot by a famous sniper.
Mikhail Baranov - fighter pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union
- In the August days of the 42nd, the flight commander of the 182nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, senior lieutenant, distinguished himself in the skies of Stalingrad Mikhail Baranov. In an unequal battle against the Messerschmitts and Junkers, he shot down 4 enemy planes, and when the ammunition ran out, he decided to ram the enemy and cut off the tail of a German aircraft with the plane of his plane. Mikhail Baranov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was then twenty-first years old.
Pavlov Yakov Fedotovich
Yakov Pavlov - a sergeant who led the defense of a house on one of the squares of Stalingrad. The location of this house made it possible to observe and shell the enemy-occupied part of the city to the west, north and south at a distance of more than a kilometer. A group of soldiers led by Pavlov captured a strong point. The Germans subjected it to continuous artillery and mortar fire and attacked it with bombs from the air. But the defenders of the house held firm. For 58 days and nights they did not allow the Nazis to break through to the Volga in this sector, during which time they destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Wehrmacht lost during the capture of Paris.
"Pavlov's House" 24 fighters of 9 nationalities They staunchly defended themselves in this house for 58 days. For comparison: O occupation of France took only 44 days, and Poland - 36 days
- Medical instructor from the 214th Infantry Division Marionella Korolev Close people called him Gulya. In the first days of the war, she voluntarily went to the front. At the height of the Battle of Stalingrad, during a fierce battle near the village of Panshino, Gulya Koroleva carried out 50 seriously wounded soldiers. When the advance of our soldiers stalled, she roused the soldiers to attack, was the first to break into the enemy’s trenches and, with several throws of grenades, destroyed 15 enemy soldiers and officers. Mortally wounded, she shot at the enemy until the weapon fell from her hands.
- The youngest defender of Stalingrad was a six-year-old Seryozha Aleshkov. His mother and brother were brutally tortured by the Nazis. Seryozha himself was found in the forest by soldiers of the 142nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 47th Guards Rifle Division. The child, of course, did not participate in the hostilities, but he tried to help the fighters: he would bring bread, then water, during the break between battles he would sing a song, read poetry. And once he saved the life of the commander, Colonel Vorobyov, by finding him under the rubble of a dugout and calling for help. Vorobiev was saved. He subsequently became the child's adoptive father.
- Seryozha Aleshkov was awarded the medal “For Military Merit” for his participation in the Great Patriotic War.
- In the village of Verbovka, captured by the Nazis, there was a “barefoot garrison”. This detachment consisted of teenagers 10 - 14 years old. There were 20 of them, and they fearlessly acted against the enemy, causing panic among the invaders. The boys were captured and brutally tortured, and then shot in front of the farmers.
Counteroffensive Soviet troops
Connecting fronts. Operation Ring
Capture of the Field Marshal German army of Paulus
Soldiers of the German army before the Battle of Stalingrad
… and after
The King of Great Britain sent Stalingrad gift sword with an inscription
"To the citizens of Stalingrad, strong as steel, - from the king George VI as a sign of the deep admiration of the British people."
"Historical and memorial complex "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad"
Target: to form patriotic feelings, cultivate respect for the past and present of one’s hometown and countries.
Tasks:
- to cultivate feelings of patriotism and morality among the younger generation;
- develop in students a sense of pride and empathy for wartime children;
- develop interest and respect for the history and culture of their country.
Type: extracurricular activity.
Equipment: wall newspapers, video, computer, projector, screen.
PROGRESS OF THE EVENT
The music “Farewell of the Slav” plays.
Teacher. Today, on the eve of the anniversary of the victory at Stalingrad, we have gathered to remember not only those who fought at the front and worked in the rear to bring our victory closer. We will talk about the fates of your peers, children of war, about how they lived and fought the enemy, and what they died for. On June 22, 1941, with the beginning of the war, childhood ended for them and they bore all the hardships of the war on an equal basis with adults. First of all, we will highlight the fate of the children of Stalingrad.
Today there are fewer and fewer of them, and therefore their stories and memories are very valuable and dear to us.
Today we will see and hear the memories of the children of Stalingrad, not only on the screen, but also of those who are visiting us today, who survived all the disasters and hardships of the war. Let's welcome Nelly Konstantinovna and be sure to give her the floor.
The song "Holy War" is playing.
Student 1.
There are many cities in Russia
In the battles that glorified the state
And among them, any of us is ready
Call our Volgograd by right.
The harsh years are long gone,
But military glory is legendary.
About the fact that you were a hero then,
He will tell stories about Stalingrad.
Presenter 1. The Battle of Stalingrad is one of the largest battles of World War II. In the summer of 1942, the situation at the fronts was far from being in favor of our state. Having complete superiority in forces, the enemy launched a furious offensive. The Nazis hoped to capture Stalingrad in a short time and with the forces of only the 6th Army, but they did not expect that the stubborn resistance of the Soviet troops would confuse their plans.
Presenter 2. On July 12, fascist troops invaded the territory of the Stalingrad region, and on August 23, 1942, at about four o’clock in the afternoon, German planes subjected Stalingrad to a barbaric bombardment. In one day, the enemy carried out more than 2,000 sorties. The city was turned into ruins, over 40 thousand civilians died. August 23, 1942 is the most mournful date in the history of the city.
Student 2.
Do you remember how in the battle for Tsaritsyn,
The squad followed the squad
The feat of the fighters was repeated
In the battle for our Stalingrad.
Student 3.
From birth I have not seen the earth
No siege or battle like this,
The earth shook and the fields turned red
Everything was burning over the Volga River.
Student 4.
For every house: but there were no houses -
Charred, terrible remains
For every meter - but to the Volga from the hills
The tanks were crawling with a vibrating howl.
And there were meters left to the water
And the Volga grew cold from trouble.
Presenter 3. The Germans began the assault on Stalingrad on September 13. Street fighting broke out. By the end of the day, German units captured the station and the dominant height - Mamayev Kurgan. But the 13th Guards Division of General A.I., which arrived from the left bank. Rodimtseva drove the Nazis out of the city center, and then captured the mound. There was a fierce struggle for the station for two weeks. It changed hands 13 times. The day of October 14 became the most terrible day for the defenders of Stalingrad. The city was continuously bombed all morning. Everything was burning: the earth, the water, and the people. All the days of the month were the hardest. But our soldiers continued to believe in victory.
A. Pakhmutova's song "Hot Snow" is playing.
Presenter 1. During the Battle of Stalingrad, Mamayev Kurgan became a key position in the city's defense. Whoever held the top of the mound in his hands dominated the area. That is why a fierce battle raged here for so many days and nights (from September 28, 1942 to January 26, 1943). During the days of fighting, even in winter, the mound turned black as if it had been charred. Here Soviet soldiers fought to the death, fighting for a key position in the city’s defense; here the fate of the future victory was decided.
Presenter 2. On November 19, 1942, the pre-dawn silence of the Don steppes was torn apart by powerful salvoes of over 7 thousand guns and mortars from the Southwestern and Don Fronts. A fiery avalanche of Katyusha rockets fell on the enemy. The troops of both fronts simultaneously went on the offensive, broke through the enemy’s defenses and, breaking his fierce resistance, went forward. On November 23, the formations of the fronts met. An enemy group of 330 thousand people with numerous equipment was surrounded.
Presenter 3. The Wehrmacht command decided to hold Stalingrad and release the encircled troops, and the tank group under the command of General Hoth went on the offensive on December 12, 1942. By December 19, over 300 German tanks had already participated in the offensive. But thanks to the courage and perseverance of the Soviet troops, the offensive was stopped, and then, with the arrival of reinforcements, it was pushed back 200 kilometers from Stalingrad.
Presenter 1. On January 10, the final stage of the defeat of the enemy began with the thunder of guns and rocket launchers; on January 31, troops of the 64th Army captured Paulus along with his headquarters. Powerful blows by Soviet troops suppressed the last pockets of resistance. On February 2, 1943 at 16.00 the historical Battle of Stalingrad ended.
Presenter 2. During the war in Stalingrad, 41,685 houses, 126 industrial enterprises, 124 schools, 120 kindergartens, 14 theaters and cinemas, 75 clubs, 2 circuses, 15 hospitals, 3 institutes and much more were burned and destroyed.
Student 5.
Don't forget those terrible years
When the Volga water boiled,
But that iron soldier withstood
But the immortal Stalingrad survived.
Presenter 3. More than 65 years have passed since the liberation of Stalingrad. There are fewer and fewer people who fought during the war. And today we have the opportunity to listen to the memories of those who were then as old as you are now. You can ask these children what they remember about that war, what can they tell? Much! We must tell!
Watch a video about the memories of eyewitnesses of those days.
Presenter 1. The Stalingrad pioneers showed courage and bravery in the fight against the enemy during the Battle of Stalingrad. May the names of young patriots and pioneer heroes not be erased in our memory.
Student 1.
I was both a pioneer and a soldier,
But the tie was replaced by bandages.
Death roared over our medical battalion
And with a squeal they fell from above.
And I suffered bravely and stubbornly,
He tore off the bandages in a furious delirium.
I sometimes shouted like a child: “MOM!”
This was the case in 1941.
Student 2. Misha Romanov born in the Kotelnikovsky district of the Volgograd region.
The writer G.I. writes about the feat of this pioneer hero. Pritchin. "On the quiet morning of a cold November day partisan detachment Kotelnikovites were surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 was sitting on the parapet of the trench - it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is made by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood upright on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis who surrounded him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later Misha Romanov, the son of a Don Cossack, a graduate of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization, was struck down by machine gun fire.”
Student 3. Lyusya Radyno ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for family and friends. 13-year-old Lyusya, a resourceful, inquisitive pioneer from Leningrad, voluntarily became a scout. One day, an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. Their commander was a captain who taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity.
In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were for the first time thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining more and more information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of command tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lucy was lucky to be alive.
Student 4. No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan reconnaissance will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city Sashi Filippova. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Operating in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. After the death of his son, Sasha’s father told what valuable documents Sasha brought to the military, and obtained information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and teams in our city and region, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district where his bust is installed, are named after Sasha.
Student 5. Vitya Gromov during the days of hostilities within the Stalingrad region, he was a scout for the unit defending the city of Stalingrad. He crossed the front line three times, scouted firing points, enemy concentration areas, the location of ammunition depots, and important military installations. Viktor Gromov blows up an ammunition depot. He took a direct part in the battles. He was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” and nominated for a government award - the medal “For Courage”.
Student 1. Pioneer Sasha Demidov conducted reconnaissance in Stalingrad and on the outskirts of the city. He went behind enemy lines 38 times and carried out complex command assignments at the risk of his life. The teenager was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star, and the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”
Student 2. Not far from Stalingrad, the Nazis captured a schoolgirl in November 1942 Lyusya Remizova and forced her to wash clothes and clean the premises where German officers lived. Lyusya managed to steal important documents, escape and deliver them to her friends. For her courageous act, Lyusya Remizova was awarded the medal “For Courage.”
Student 3. From the book by A. Aleksin, K. Voronov “The Man with a Red Tie.”
The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Fighter Seryozha Aleshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported:
“Someone is hiding there in the straw.”
The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Aleshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. – I serve the Soviet Union! – the fighter said.”
When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Aleshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood nearby and... roared with joy. He was only 7 years old... Soon after this, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter.
Student 4. Young Scout Volodya Dubinin operated in the Serafimovicheskiy and Kletsky districts. Under the guise of a homeless child, he wandered through farms and stations, everything he saw and heard, he accurately recorded in his memory and reported to the unit commander. Thanks to his data, Soviet artillery suppressed the firing points of the German division, which was rushing to Stalingrad in the summer of 1942. Volodya organized a group of young pioneer scouts from partisan children. Through secret passages, the guys climbed to the surface and obtained the information the partisans needed. Finally, there was only one hole left, unnoticed by the enemies - so small that only the dexterous and flexible Volodya could get through it. Volodya helped his comrades out of trouble more than once. One day he discovered that the Nazis had decided to flood the quarries sea water. The partisans managed to build dams from stone. Another time, Volodya noticed and promptly informed the partisans that the enemies were going to launch a general assault on the quarries.
The partisans prepared for the attack and successfully repelled the onslaught of hundreds of fascists. On New Year's Eve 1942, units of the Red Army and Navy drove the Nazis out of Kerch. While helping sappers clear mines, Volodya Dubinin died. The young partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Presenter 2. It was a harsh and brutal battle. It lasted 200 days and nights. The world has never known such battles. On both sides, up to one and a half million people, 2 thousand tanks, 2 thousand aircraft took part in it. The Battle of Stalingrad began on July 17, 1942 and ended on February 2, 1943.
Student 5.
"Remember, through the centuries, through the years,
Remember those who will never come again,
Please remember!
Don't cry, hold back the moans in your throat,
Bitter moans!
Be worthy of the memory of the fallen,
Eternally worthy!
The song "Victory Day" is playing
Teacher: War – 4 years – 1418 days. And 20 million dead Russian people. This means 22 people for every 2 meters of land. This means 13 people every minute.
MKOU "Timiryazevskaya Secondary School"
Novousmansky municipal district, Voronezh region
Extracurricular activity scenario
to the anniversary of the Victory
in the Battle of Stalingrad
“We are faithful to this memory”
(for students in grades 1-4)
Gushchina Elena Anatolyevna
Timiryazevo village
Explanatory note
Methodological development provides materials for classroom and extracurricular activities on the topic “The Great Patriotic War. Battle of Stalingrad" for grades 1–4 of primary school. Students should have a basic understanding of the Great Patriotic War, know what the first months of the war were like for our country, understand historical meaning victory in the battle of Moscow. New historical facts about the Battle of Stalingrad, its heroic defenders, poems selected on the topic that students recite by heart, songs of the war years, war photographs broaden the horizons of children, foster a respectful attitude towards the history of our country, create fertile ground for the formation of a sense of patriotism and love for the Motherland .
Target: acquaintance with the important historical battle of the Great Patriotic War, the glorious heroic past of the hero city of Volgograd.
Tasks:
To clarify and expand students’ knowledge about the Battle of Stalingrad and its significance during the Great Patriotic War.
To contribute to the formation of patriotism, the desire to know the history of one’s country in the period 1941 - 1945.
To cultivate love for the Motherland, respect for the historical memory of the people, a sense of pride in one’s country by example heroic deeds people in war time, cultivate a respectful attitude towards the older generation and war monuments.
Equipment : 1. Musical works about the Great Patriotic War.
2. Exhibition of books about the Battle of Stalingrad.
3. Exhibition of children's drawings on the topic
“Monuments to the defenders of Stalingrad.”
4. Photos:
Memorial complex Mamayev Kurgan,
Embankment named after the 62nd Army,
Pavlov's House,
Panorama Museum, mill ruins,
Eternal flame on the Square of fallen fighters.
5. Books of poems by M. Agashina.
Material and technical support:
computer
interactive board
projector
presentation on the topic “We are faithful to this memory. Battle of Stalingrad” (33 slides)
The event is held in a spacious room, decorated with children's drawings and reproductions of paintings. Books and booklets about the Battle of Stalingrad and the defenders of Stalingrad are laid out on the tables. The children's chairs are arranged in a semicircle. All poetic works are read accompanied by quiet music (poems are learned with children in advance).
Progress of the event
Teacher: Today, thanks to historical information, poems, and songs of the war years selected by students of grades 3-4, you will learn when and why the battle took place on the banks of the Volga River, how it took place, who defended the city, and how this battle ended.
Teacher:
Let's remember when the Great Patriotic War began?( Slide show 1)
What were the first months of the war like for our country?
Where did the first major battle with the Germans take place? Who won it?
(Battle of Moscow. The German army was driven back from the capital of our Motherland.)
Teacher: Having suffered defeat near Moscow, in the summer of 1942. The Nazis launched a new offensive in the south. Hitler believed that in order to complete the task of defeating the USSR and successful continuation World War I need to provide myself with sufficient mineral resources and food. Therefore, his gaze focused on the southern direction of the front, which led to the Caucasian oil fields and grain fields of the Kuban. After their capture, it was planned to complete the defeat of the weakened Soviet Union by capturing Moscow and Leningrad.
The goal of the German command:take over an industrial city whose enterprises produced military products. Hitler planned to implement this plan with the help of one 6th field army Paulus in just a week - by July 25, 1942.
On June 28, the offensive of Army Group South began. About 90 fascist divisions attacked the positions of Soviet troops. On July 17, 1942, our troops were forced to retreat to Voronezh, left Donbass and took up defense in the large bend of the Don. An immediate threat was created to Stalingrad and North Caucasus. The Battle of Stalingrad has begun. ( Slide show 2)
Students:
1. On August 23, the enemies broke through to the Volga and began the assault on Stalingrad (now Volgograd). A stubborn battle unfolded near Stalingrad. More than 2 million people, up to 26 thousand guns, and more than 2 thousand tanks took part in the battle on both sides. Every day up to 1000 fascist planes bombed Stalingrad.
( Show slide 3)
2. The clouds were gathering in the ashen dawn,
And the skies were covered with gray hair,
And the whole planet awaited the battle of the century,
I held my breath in anticipation.
3. And the wild roar of explosions was approaching,
And death, laughing, prepared a trap.
You can’t go back - there’s destruction of the Motherland,
The captain told us before the battle.
4. Come on, go ahead while we brothers are alive!
You can’t go back, forward, through bullet hail,
Come on, go ahead, for Mother Russia!
Come on, forward, for life, for Stalingrad!
5. From birth I have not seen the earth
No siege, no such battle,
The earth shook
And the fields turned red,
Everything was burning over the Volga River.
6. In the heat, factories, houses, train stations,
Dust on the steep bank.
Don't hand over the city to the enemy.
True to the oath Russian soldier,
He defended STALINGRAD.
7. The time will come - the smoke will clear,
The thunder of war will cease.
Taking off my hat when meeting him,
The people will say about him:
This is an iron Russian soldier,
He defended STALINGRAD.
Teacher: " No step back! Fight to the death! There is no land for us beyond the Volga!” - so swore the fearless defenders of the city.
(Children listen to a fragment from B. Okudzhava’s song “And that means we need one victory”:
The birds don't sing here,
Trees don't grow.
And only we are shoulder to shoulder
We're growing into the ground here.
The planet is burning and spinning,
There is smoke over our Motherland.
And that means we need one victory,
One for all.
We will not stand behind the price!
Chorus:
A deadly fire awaits us,
And yet he is powerless.
Doubts away:
Goes into the night
Separate
Our tenth
Airborne battalion.)
Teacher: Residents of the city left Stalingrad. Those who could not leave hid in the basements of houses. Women and teenagers built defensive structures and worked in factories along with men. ( Show slide 4.)
Soviet soldiers fought for every street, for every house, every floor, for every pebble of their native land. One of the terrible days for city residents was August 23, 1942. Then, back in 1942, German combat aircraft intended to wipe Stalingrad off the face of the Earth. At 16:18, several thousand bombs were dropped on the houses of the townspeople, destroying more than half of Stalingrad, killing more than 40 thousand people, thereby turning the city into a huge territory covered with burning ruins.
A stunning photograph by military photojournalist Emmanuel Evzerikhin has survived to this day - the “Children” fountain, preserved during the bombing, against the backdrop of incinerated Stalingrad. Officially, the photo is called: “August 23, 1942. After a massive raid by Nazi aircraft.” (Show slide 5.)
Student.
What’s his name, I forgot to ask him.
About ten or twelve years old. Bedovy,
Of those who are the leaders of children,
From those in the front-line towns
They greet us like dear guests.
The car is surrounded in parking lots,
Carrying water to them in buckets is not difficult,
Bring soap and towel to the tank
And unripe plums are shoved...
There was a battle going on outside. The enemy fire was terrible,
We made our way forward to the square.
And he nails - you can’t look out of the towers, -
And the devil will understand where he’s hitting from.
Here, guess which house is behind
He settled down - there were so many holes,
And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:
Comrade commander, comrade commander!
I know where their gun is. I scouted...
I crawled up, they were over there in the garden...
But where, where?.. - Let me go
On the tank with you. I'll give it straight away.
Well, no fight awaits. - Get in here, buddy! -
And so the four of us roll to the place.
The boy is standing - mines, bullets are whistling,
And only the shirt has a bubble.
We've arrived. - Here. - And from a turn
We go to the rear and give full throttle.
And this gun, along with the crew,
We sank into loose, greasy black soil.
I wiped off the sweat. Smothered by fumes and soot:
There was a big fire going from house to house.
And I remember I said: “Thank you, lad!” -
And he shook hands like a comrade...
It was a difficult fight. Everything now is as if from sleep,
And I just can’t forgive myself:
From thousands of faces I would recognize the boy,
But what’s his name, I forgot to ask him.
Teacher. The defense of Stalingrad was held by the 62nd Army of General V.I. Chuikov and the 64th Army of General M.S. Shumilova. In early September, the enemy offensive reached its limit. The Germans broke through to the city center and captured the most important center of its defense - Mamayev Kurgan, on which the command post of the 62nd Army was located. The battles for the mound began on September 14, 1942. ( Show slide 6.)
The battle on Mamayev Kurgan was of great strategic importance: from its top the surrounding territory and the crossings across the Volga were clearly visible and shot through. In the reports of the Sovinformburo, the mound was called “102.0” in height.
On September 27, the enemy gained a foothold on the western slopes of the mound, and by mid-October, taking water tanks, captured the northern and southern slopes. From September 23, 1942 to January 26, 1943, the eastern slopes were courageously and heroically defended by units of the 284th Infantry Division of Colonel N.F. Batyuk, whom V.I. Chuikov called “the soul of the defense of Mamayev Kurgan.” The Nazis stormed it 10-12 times a day, but, losing people and equipment, they were unable to capture the entire territory of the mound. For one hundred and forty days and nights the battle on Mamayev Kurgan did not subside.
Tens of thousands of compatriots laid down their lives here for the Fatherland. In memory of the fallen soldiers, a memorial was created on Mamayev Kurgan military glory. (Show slide 7)
Here on the hill are buried the remains of 34,505 soldiers - the defenders of Stalingrad. People come here every year and every day, an eternal flame burns here, in memory of those who will never come.
(Slide show 8,9.)
Student.
Reading the pages of history, getting acquainted with the exploits of people, you are amazed at their dedication, strength, will, courage...
About the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad.
1 student:
Examples of heroism were the exploits of ordinary soldiers, officers, and civilians.
The feat of sniper Pyotr Goncharov . In the battles near Stalingrad, he destroyed 445 fascists. (Show slide 10.)
Pyotr Goncharov continued to participate in battles after the Battle of Stalingrad. Killed near Krivoy Rog on January 31, 1944.
On October 10, 1944, Goncharov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. (Posthumously)
2nd student:
Lance SergeantSerdyukov covered the embrasure of the enemy bunker with his body.
3rd student:
PilotAbdirov Gastello repeated the feat. ( Show slide 11.)
4 student:
One of the heroes of Rodimtsev's division was SergeantYakov Fedotovich Pavlov
( Show slide 12.) Not only the people of Stalingrad know the feat of the defenders of Pavlov’s house, but also the whole world. Ordinary four-story building Soviet soldiers turned into an impregnable fortress. 58 daysand nights 24 warriorsunder the command of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov defendedAndyour fortress from enemies.58 days of continuous fighting, without sleep or rest.And on the 59th day - November 24 - the garrison went on the offensive and threw the enemy behind the railway track.
Their soldierly feat became a symbol of courage, perseverance and fraternal friendship of soldiers.
5th student:
All fighters were awarded government awards, and Sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Interesting fact: on the operational map of the German commander of the Stalingrad group, General Paulus, “Pavlov’s house” was designated as a fortress.( Show slide 13.)
6th student:
In one of the battles in mid-October, a headquarters signalman performed an immortal feat, sergeant, commander of the 339th communications department rifle regiment of the 308th rifle divisionMatvey Mefodievich Putilov. ( Show slide 14.)
At the height of the battle, while repairing a damaged communication line, both his hands were crushed by a mine. Bleeding, he crawled to the break site and, losing consciousness, connected both ends of the wire with his teeth.
7 student
Performed a heroic featMikhail Averyanovich Panikakha .
( Show slide 15.)
On October 2, 1942, Red Army soldier Panikakha went to the lead tank with a grenade and Molotov cocktails. When one of the bottles was broken by a fragment of an enemy shell and his clothes ignited, he rushed to the German vehicle, smashed the second bottle against its armor and lay down on the armor of the tank. Dying, Panikakha destroyed the enemy tank and its crew. The remaining tanks turned back. Place of Panikha's feat for a long time was marked with a memorial sign with a memorial plaque. On May 8, 1975, a modern monument was unveiled at the site of the feat. He depicts a warrior-sailor at the moment of a rush to fascist tank. The sculpture is more than 6 meters high. ( Show slide 16.)
8th student:
Friends of sailor Panikakh from the 193rd Infantry Division told Demyan Bedny about his feat. The poet responded in poetry.
Teacher:
He fell, but his honor lives on;
The highest award for a hero
Under his name are the words:
He was the defender of Stalingrad.
In the midst of tank attacks
There was a Red Navy man named Panikakha,
They're down to the last bullet
The defense held strong.
But no match for the sea lads
Show the backs of your enemy's heads,
There are no more grenades, two left
Bottles with flammable liquid.
The hero fighter grabbed one:
“I’ll throw it at the last tank!”
Filled with ardent courage,
He stood with a raised bottle.
“One, two... I won’t miss!”
Suddenly, at that moment, like a bullet right through
The bottle of liquid was broken,
The hero was engulfed in flames.
But having become a living torch,
He did not lose his fighting spirit,
With contempt for the sharp, burning pain
Fighter hero on enemy tank
The second one rushed with the bottle.
Hooray! Fire! A puff of black smoke
The engine hatch is engulfed in fire,
There is a wild howl in a burning tank,
The team howled and the driver,
He fell, having accomplished his feat,
Our Red Navy soldier,
But he fell like a proud winner!
To knock down the flame on your sleeve,
Chest, shoulders, head,
Burning torch avenger warrior
I didn't roll on the grass
Seek salvation in the swamp.
He burned the enemy with his fire,
Legends are written about him -
Our immortal Red Navy man.
1 student:
It is especially necessary to note the feats performed by nurses. These were mostly girls 18-20 years old, very young, fragile, tender, who had shouldered an unbearable burden of grief, pain, death... They helped the fighters as best they could, they were gratefully called sisters of mercy.( Show slide 17.)
2nd student:
Young nurse
Our comrade lieutenant.
There is a pigtail under the cap.
(A white bow would suit her so well.)
And where does this power come from?
Was it taken as a fragile girl?
How many people did she carry out of the field?
Not afraid of whistling bullets.
I remember when I was crazy
He was seriously wounded in the shoulder.
I hear a voice above me:
"Darling, just be patient..."
The bandage applied slowly.
The evening battle died down...
And from the tenderness of the tide
Somehow the pain dulled.
The fireworks died down... Eh, Rita.
We would have lived if not for the war...
To me from the past from granite
She smiles.
3rd student: ( Show slide 18.)
Natasha Kachuevskaya voluntarily went to the front as a nurse. Carried 79 soldiers from the battlefield. In one of the battles for Stalingrad, being surrounded by 45
fighters, she not only provided assistance to the wounded medical care, but also shot at the Nazis. When the enemies approached, she let them get close to her and detonated the grenade. 10 fascists died along with her.
Teacher:
The unparalleled courage shocked even Hitler’s warriors, who considered themselves superhumans. Corporal Gelman wrote to his fiancee: “It is impossible to describe what is happening here. In Stalingrad, everyone who has a head and hands fights – both men and women.”
Teacher.
In three months, having captured part of the Stalingrad land and installed on it " new order", the Nazis managed to hang 108, shoot 1,744, rape and torture 1,593 Soviet patriots, and deport tens of thousands of people to Germany for forced labor. The occupiers did not spare anyone. Neither the old man. Not a woman. Not a child. They killed everyone.
1 student:
On the morning of November 19, 1942, troops from the Southwestern and Don Fronts with a combined powerful blow broke through the defenses of the German army.
( Show slide 19.)
2nd student:
On January 26, 1943, the troops of the 21st Army united on the northwestern slopes of Mamayev Kurgan with the 62nd Army advancing towards them from Stalingrad. As a result of this connection, the Nazi group was divided into two parts.
(A military chronicle of Stalingrad is shown on the screen.)
3rd student:
On January 31, 1943, the southern group ceased resistance. On the same day, in the basement of the Central Department Store, the headquarters of the 6th Field German Army, led by Field Marshal F. Paulus, was captured.
On the afternoon of February 2, the northern group stopped resisting.
4 student.
200th, last day of the Battle of Stalingrad. The last shot was fired in Stalingrad. 91 thousand Nazis surrendered, including 2,500 officers and 24 generals. ( Show slide 20.)
5 student.
On this day, three days of national mourning were declared throughout Germany, and state flags with swastikas were flown at half-mast.
The German army had never known such catastrophes. Hitler had never experienced such shame. Comrade Stalin, assessing this battle, would later say: “Stalingrad was the decline of the Nazi army.” After the Battle of Stalingrad, as is known, the Germans could no longer recover.
Thus ended this greatest battle of World War II.
Teacher. Victory in the Battle of Stalingrad over one of the strongest armies in the world - the Nazi German - came at a high price for the Red Army. The total losses of the Red Army in the Battle of Stalingrad amounted to 1 million 130 thousand soldiers and officers, including irretrievable losses - about 480 thousand people, 4341 tanks, 15 728 guns and mortars, 2769 aircraft. ( Show slide 21.)
1 student.
In the Battle of the Volga from July 1942. to February 1943 More than 60 enemy divisions were defeated.
2 student.
Germany lost up to one and a half million people killed, wounded, captured and missing. It lost 3,500 tanks and assault guns, over 3,000 combat and transport aircraft, more than 12,000 guns and mortars, and 75,000 vehicles.( Show slide 22.)
3 student.
The victory at Stalingrad was the key moment of a radical turning point in the war. The USSR's allies came to the final conclusion that the Red Army would not lose the war.
4 student:
"Still standing before my eyes
Stalingrad engulfed in fire,
Still going to fight with enemies
Our officer and our soldier.
The eres are still burning in the fire,
In the fire of the famous Katyushas
Bodies of notorious SS men
For the sin of their criminal souls.
Still running like a herd of animals
To the west, the Prussians,
Buried near Stalingrad
Our selected regiments."
Teacher: The history of wars has never known such an example of the encirclement and defeat of such a large army. Stalingrad became a triumph of Soviet military art and the courage of Soviet soldiers.
The Great Battle of the Volga was the beginning of a radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War. The mass expulsion of fascist occupiers from their native land began.
5 student. On February 2, 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad ended, but the war still continued. And only in May 1945 the roar of guns and volleys of shells fell silent.War bit was over.
1 student. The medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” was awarded to more than 707 thousand participants in the battle. ( Show slide 23.)
2 student. 17,550 soldiers and 373 militia received orders and medals. 127 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Teacher. After liberation, the city was in complete ruins. The scale of destruction was so great that suggestions were made to rebuild the city in another place, and leave the ruins as a reminder to descendants of the horrors of war. But nevertheless, it was decided to rebuild the city almost anew. There were no homes, transport did not work, factories were destroyed, the ground was stuffed with unexploded mines, bombs and shells (which are still found to this day). But the entire huge country came to the aid of the heroic city.
Stalingrad has been revived! ( Slide show 24,25.)
For the massive heroism and courage of its residents during the Great Patriotic War, the city of Stalingrad was awarded the title “Hero City”.( Show slide 26)
On November 10, 1961, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decided to rename the city of Stalingrad to the city of Volgograd.
On May 8, 1965, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a Decree approving the Regulations on the honorary title, and on the same day, with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, it was awarded to the city of Volgograd.
Students:
In February forty-three
The great battle is over,
Stalingrad battle of the people,
Where we broke the back of the fascists.
The great battle has ended
And she put hope in our hearts,
Stalingrad attack on the Nazis
He foretold our victory over the Reich.
Stalingrad battle against fascism -
A display of rare courage.
This is the loyalty of the people to the fatherland,
Our warriors are attacking with their chests.
“You are frozen in bronze and stone
Looking at us through time,
You paid with your life
For us to live now.”
“The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain calls to people:
"Come on people, never
Let’s not forget about this!”
( Show slide 27.) A minute of silence is announced (the metronome sounds).
Teacher:
It’s impossible to name all the heroes, but they are remembered. Houses, streets, squares are named in their honor, and an eternal flame is lit in their honor.( Slide show 28)
1 student.
In memory of the Battle of Stalingrad, there are many monuments in the city of Volgograd. One of the most famous monuments of the Battle of Stalingrad all over the world iscomplex of monuments "Mamaev Kurgan". ( Show slide 29.)
The idea of building a majestic monument in the city, in memory of the great battle, arose almost immediately after the end of the battle. This is the largest monument dedicated to the events of World War II built anywhere in the world. The length of the memorial complex from the foot to the top of the hill is 1.5 km, all structures are made of reinforced concrete.
“Fight to the death!”, “Not a step back!” - this was the order of the Motherland. It was incredibly difficult to complete.
It is no coincidence that the author depicted a soldier with a naked torso to convey the enormous physical strain the defense of Stalingrad cost. This sculpture is a generalized image of a Soviet soldier, the embodiment of courage and perseverance.
2 student. ( Show slide 30.)
Sculpture “The Motherland is Calling!” is the compositional center of the entire ensemble.
This is a woman who stands in a pose of calling for a fight, quickly stepping forward with a raised sword. In an artistic sense, the statue is a modern interpretation of the image of the ancient goddess of victory Nike, who calls on her sons and daughters to repel the enemy and continue the offensive. The sculpture is one of the largest on the planet. Its weight is 8000 tons, height is 85 m: 4 m pedestal, 52 m sculpture. Sword length 29 m, weight 400 t 300 kg. It took 8 years to build the entire memorial.Slide show
3 student.
Artistic panorama “The defeat of the Nazi troops at Stalingrad” is located in a specially constructed building with a round shape. ( Show slide 31.)
4 student.
Another memorable place of the Battle of Stalingrad isThe area of fallen fighters. ( Show slide 32.)
In the summer of 1942, the Square of Fallen Fighters became the place from which militia units and regular units of the Red Army left to defend the city. When the enemy entered the city, the Square of the Fallen Fighters became the scene of fierce fighting. The 13th fought here Guards Division General Rodimtsev, there was a cemetery for German officers, here, in the basement of a department store, Field Marshal Paulus was captured on January 31, 1943. More than 100 Soviet soldiers were buried in a mass grave, next to the defenders of Red Tsaritsyn.
4 student .
Wherever you go or go,
but stop here.
To the grave this way
bow with all your heart.
Whoever you are - fisherman, miner,
scientist or shepherd-
remember forever: here lies
yours the most best friend!
For both you and me
he did everything he could
I didn’t spare myself in battle,
and saved the Motherland.
Teacher:
- The main purpose of our meeting today was learn about the great Battle of Stalingrad and its heroic defenders. I hope that studying the history of our country using the example of the Great Patriotic War will help you feel proud of our Motherland and respect the older generation.
1 student.
We must remember at what cost this world came to us, we must remember and honor the memory of the fallen, bow to the living.
( Show slide 33.)
Sounds song “There is silence on Mamayev Kurgan” (music by A. Pakhmutova, lyrics by V. Bokov) performed by Lyudmila Zykina.
2 student.
We are indebted to veterans until the end of our days for our peace today, for our laughter, for joy, for our future! They defended not only our lives, but also the very title of man.
A student sings the song "Great-Grandfather" "(Music by Alexander Ermolov,
sl. Mikhail Zagot.)
Teacher. This concludes the ceremonial part of our event. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the exhibition compiled from your works.
List of used literature
1. Hero Cities of the Great Patriotic War./Atlas. – Moscow, 1975.
2. Ivankin A. Volgograd. Panorama Museum "Battle of Stalingrad". – M., 1987.
3. Mamaev Kurgan -
4. Morozova N.T., Monakhova N.D. Guide to Volgograd. – Volgograd, 1980.
5. Novokreshchenov I.V. Pages Great Victory: Tutorial for students in grades 1-4. – M.: Yuventa Publishing House, 2004.
6. Monument to M. Panikakha -
7. Area of fallen fighters -
8. Savinova S.V. Holidays in elementary school. – Volgograd, 2002.
9. Tvardovsky A. Tankman’s story -
10. “Children of the Wartime” by E. Maksimova Ed. Political literature, 1984.
11. S. Alekseev “For the sake of life on earth”, Moscow, Publishing house. "Pedagogy", 1990
12. S.N. Syrov “Pages of History” Ed. “Russian language” Moscow 1975
13.www.sunhome.ru – poems about war
CHILDREN OF STALINGRAD Battle of Stalingrad (g. - g.)
The purpose of the class hour: - To show the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad (g. - g.) in the outcome of the Great Patriotic War and the role of children in protecting the city. - To cultivate love for the Motherland, respect for the historical memory of the people. - Contribute to the formation of patriotism, the desire to know the history of your country and defend historical truth events of 1941 - 1945.
The name of pioneer hero Misha Romanov in 1958 was included in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization “On a quiet morning of a cold November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench, it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”.
BAREFOOT GARRISON. Listen, people, a sad story. We once had fascists. Residents were robbed, tortured, beaten. Those bloodsuckers lived in our houses. Where there was a silo pit on the collective farm, a bloody drama broke out during the day. A bloody drama, a terrible drama: the silo has become a grave. The bandits killed ten boys. The poor things were buried in a hole like cats. Ten boys: Ivan, Semyon, Vasenka, Kolya, Emelya, Aksyon. The bandits tied their hands before execution, and the fascists' bullets pierced their hearts. Their mothers wept bitterly. No! Let us not forget the Averin drama.
The following were shot: Aksen Timonin (14 years old), Timofey Timonin (12 years old), Vasily Egorov (13 years old), Nikolai Egorov (12 years old), Semyon Manzhin (9 years old), Konstantin Golovlev (13 years old), Nikifor Nazarkin (12 years old) ), Emelyan Safonov (12 years old), Vasily Gorin (13 years old) and Ivan Makhin (11 years old).
