All stages of territory improvement. Rules for the improvement of the territory of the city of settlements and municipalities Rules for the improvement of municipalities

Landscaping is a set of measures that are designed to create a comfortable and attractive environment for human activity on the site.

Landscaping includes work to transform a site in order to improve its functionality, environmental condition and appearance.

The creation of a general composition on the territory being developed is carried out using landscaping and landscaping measures.

Landscaping is a set of works performed using various plants to give landscape objects an aesthetic appearance.

Landscaping includes work to transform the site in order to improve its functionality

Stages of territory improvement

• Study of the characteristics of the land plot. Study of relief and soil. Drawing up a project.
• Work with the terrain, filling holes, installing drainage and communications, digging reservoirs, zoning the territory.
• Laying a network of roads and paths, paving, lighting the area, improving soil fertility.
• Landscaping works.
• Installation of benches, sculptures, gazebos and other small architectural forms.

Urban improvement

The improvement of urban areas is directly related to urban planning and represents its integral part. It consists of measures for transport services for people, improving the sanitary conditions of residential buildings, lighting, as well as equipping areas and landscaping. The current SNiP III 10-75 is certainly taken into account and the approved plan is used.

The rules for landscaping the territory are carried out in accordance with the Federal Law “On general principles self-government in Russian Federation» dated 10/06/2003 N131 - F3.

Rules for landscaping are carried out in accordance with Federal Law

TOS (territorial self-government bodies) play a significant role in the improvement of local areas, interacting with housing and communal services enterprises and various organizations. TOS implement all kinds of projects, attracting the attention of citizens to problems of improvement.

The main directions in urban improvement are:

• Development of the territory, including the construction of various facilities municipality.
• Direct operation, which includes the repair and maintenance of these facilities.

All processes occurring in this area are monitored by a specially created inspectorate to control the improvement of urban areas.

The improvement of the territory of a municipality should include a number of measures to create comfortable and healthy living conditions for the population. It assumes:

• territory preparation, plan;
• construction of roads and development of transport links;
• laying water and electricity supplies, sewerage;
• landscaping, improving the sanitary climate;
• protection and cleaning of water bodies and land plots;
• taking measures to reduce noise.

Landscaped area near the building

Improvement of the local area

The local area includes the area near the house and various objects near it (driveways to the house, children's and sports grounds, parking lots, paths and landscaping elements). All this should represent an ensemble that harmoniously fits into the surrounding space, and comply with SNiP III 10-75.

The adjacent space serves as a transitional stage from the apartment to the surrounding area. It can be decorated with a variety of flower beds and flower beds (including those made with your own hands), lawns and decorative plantings, and contain benches and gazebos for relaxation.

The wider the local area, the more possibilities It is interesting and multifunctional to use. It can be up to 10-15 meters in size.

The design of the adjacent areas is carried out in accordance with sanitary requirements and fire standards.

It is also necessary to take into account the needs of older people and people with disabilities disabilities.

Green spaces near a residential building

Ownership

The owners of the territory adjacent to an apartment building are the residents of this building (Article 36 of the Housing Code of Russia).

By sending a corresponding request to Rosreestr, you can obtain the information contained in the cadastral passport of a given territory.

The meeting of owners has the right to determine the implementation of measures to improve their own yard, as well as consider options for using this site, for example, rent.

It is possible to install a fence around the territory only if it does not impede free access to the house itself, the entry of emergency vehicles, the laying and maintenance of communications and does not infringe on the interests of residents of neighboring houses.

Main functions of the house strip

• environmental;
• protective;
• aesthetic.

The arrangement of the local area should first of all begin with removing garbage and further maintaining cleanliness.

The improvement of urban areas is carried out by specialized companies, although residents of houses can do it themselves if they wish.

Entrance to a residential building

To decorate the façade of buildings, vertical landscaping is often used, lamps, benches, and containers with plants are installed. Small flower beds are laid out, low-growing trees are planted or ornamental shrubs. Often people living in the house do this with their own hands.

House plan

Track arrangement

The construction of tracks can be divided into 3 main stages:

• design. When drawing up a project, it is important to take into account the style of the territory being designed, as well as SNiP III 10-75. When using landscape style, paths should not have straight lines or sharp corners. And vice versa - if the territory is made in a regular style, then the presence of smooth bends is not provided;
• preparing the soil and bed for creating paths;
• choice of material for paths.

When creating paths, asphalt, concrete, different kinds paving slabs, gravel covering, etc.

Playgrounds

For different children age groups Separate sites are being constructed, separated from each other by plantings of shrubs and isolated from traffic passages.

Plants for children's playgrounds are selected most scrupulously, excluding poisonous and prickly specimens.

Sports grounds

Playground

Sports grounds must be located at a considerable distance from residential windows, according to SNiP III-10-75, at least 15 meters. It is necessary to take into account the need for ventilation and provision of good lighting, but at the same time, provide plantings that protect from the scorching sun. Sound insulation is required.

When decorating sports grounds with green spaces, it is better to avoid bright plants with variegated foliage, which litter the area with their seeds and falling leaves.

Business sites

Household areas include areas for garbage cans, places where clothes are dried, carpets are knocked out, etc. Such areas must be isolated from recreation areas and playgrounds by planting trees, shrubs or using elements of vertical gardening.

Green spaces

Green spaces must be combined with the main style of the territory, fit organically into the landscape and terrain, be adapted to growing conditions: to gases (for urban conditions and plantings located near highways), have frost resistance (for zones with cold climates), heat resistance and drought resistance (for areas with hot or dry climates).

Plantings should be planted taking into account the proper use of space. They should not interfere with the use of basic landscaping elements, but only complement them effectively and unobtrusively.

Lawn flooring

Lawns, various flower beds and flower beds are often used as green spaces when landscaping areas near residential buildings.

A lawn is a leveled area sown with special grains.

Arranging a lawn in the yard has a positive effect on the microclimate of the space, and pleasant greenery has a calming effect and relieves stress.

Setting up a lawn is quite a labor-intensive task. Since it is laid on long term existence, it requires careful implementation of all the rules and nuances of its creation, including the plan. But nevertheless, it is quite possible to do this with your own hands.

Using a rolled lawn can greatly facilitate the work of creating it.

When laying out a lawn, you need to consider how much it will be trampled. Based on this, appropriate grass mixtures are selected.

Having completed the project of planting the main tree plantings, you can begin organizing a flower garden. It is also advisable to make a plan. Many residents prefer to create interesting flower beds with their own hands.

Having drawn up a flower garden project, you need to choose a suitable area for it, preferably sufficiently lit.

The selection of plants can be very diverse, but the main thing is to ensure continuous flowering throughout the summer.

Flower garden near a residential building

Landscaping of the area around a private house

Unlike residents of apartment buildings, owners of a private house can dispose of the space at their own discretion.

• On initial stage you need to get rid of the garbage left after the construction of a private house.
• A plan for upcoming actions is needed in order to competently implement the improvement project.
• Arrangement of necessary communications.
• Entry to the site must be carefully planned, including taking into account the parking of cars of possible guests.
• A plan for marking paths for movement around the site and access to buildings is also required.
• Dividing the site into separate functional zones.
• Arrangement of flower beds, mixborders. Planting trees and shrubs.
• Owners can carry out a project to improve the territory of a private house with their own hands, or by using the services of specialized companies.

RULES

improvement of the territory of the municipality

« Bagrationovskyurban district"

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The rules for landscaping the territory of the municipal formation “Bagrationovsky City District” (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) were developed in accordance with the Federal Laws “On the General Principles of Organization local government in the Russian Federation”, “On production and consumption waste”, Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, Land Code of the Russian Federation, Water Code of the Russian Federation, Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Rules and regulations technical operation housing stock, approved by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated September 27, 2003 No. 170, Sanitary rules and regulations SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 " Sanitary rules maintenance of territories of populated areas", GOST R 51303-99 "Trade. Terms and definitions", Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules SP 2.3.6.1066-01, SP 2.3.6.1079-01, SNiP III-10-75 "Improvement of Territories", SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of Construction", Code of the Kaliningrad Region on Administrative offenses dated May 12, 2008 No. 244, Law of the Kaliningrad Region dated February 16, 2009 No. 321 “On urban planning activities in the territory of the Kaliningrad Region”, Law of the Kaliningrad Region dated December 21, 2006 No. 100 “On the protection of green spaces”, Federal Law of December 10, 2010 No. 356-FZ “On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Veterinary Medicine”, Veterinary and Sanitary Rules for Collection, Disposal and Destruction biological waste, approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation on December 4, 1995 No. 13-7-2/469 (as amended by the ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated June 13, 2006 No. KAS 06-193), SNiP 2.07.01-89 “Planning and development of urban and rural settlements" and other applicable laws.

1.2. The rules establish uniform requirements for ensuring proper maintenance of the territory of the municipal formation “Bagrationovsky City District” (hereinafter - Bagrationovsky urban district), maintenance of green spaces, keeping animals on the territory of Bagrationovsky urban district and are binding on legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and citizens.
Chapter 2. BASIC TERMS AND CONCEPTS
2.1. Sanitary condition of the territory - maintaining and improving the sanitary condition of places common use, adjacent areas, main territory in accordance with current sanitary standards and rules.

2.2. Main territory - a land plot owned or used by individuals or legal entities with the rights provided for by current legislation;

2.3. Adjacent territory - a section of territory with lawns, small architectural objects and other structures directly adjacent to the border of a land plot owned by an individual or legal entity by right of ownership, lease, permanent (perpetual) use, unless otherwise established by lease agreements for a land plot inherited for life possessions.

The adjacent territory is assigned to the owner, tenant, user of their own territory or building (part of a building), on the basis of contracts and agreements. The boundaries, size of the adjacent territory, conditions for its improvement are determined in the lease agreement (title documents) for the land plot or in the lease agreement for real estate (building, part of a building, structure).

2.4. Adjacent territory (domestic territory) is a plot of land actually used for the operation of a residential building, which includes sites, gardens, courtyards (yard areas), roads, sidewalks, courtyard and intra-block driveways.

2.5. Private housing stock - a set of residential and non-residential premises and structures located within the boundaries of a formed land plot provided to the owners of the housing stock.

2.6. Improvement - a set of works and activities aimed at creating a favorable, comfortable and attractive living environment for the population on the territory of the urban district, including work on engineering preparation of territories, construction and repair of improvement facilities, small architectural forms, objects of monumental and decorative art, proper sanitary maintenance of territories , lighting, landscaping, outdoor advertising and information, creating the aesthetic and external appearance of the urban district.

2.7. Objects for which improvement activities are carried out:

2.7.1. Artificial coverings of the surface of land plots, other parts of the surface of land plots in public, business, residential and recreational areas, not occupied by buildings and structures, including squares, streets, driveways, roads, embankments, squares, boulevards, residential areas for collective use, gardens, parks, urban forests, forest parks, beaches, children's, sports and sports playgrounds, utility areas and areas for walking pets;

2.7.2. Territories of specially protected natural objects and lands of historical and cultural significance;

2.7.3. Green spaces - woody, shrubby and herbaceous plants of natural and artificial origin, including vegetation in parks, squares, gardens, and other man-made green areas, as well as free-standing trees and shrubs and other vegetation (lawns, turf);

2.7.4. Bridges, overpasses, pedestrian and bicycle paths, other road structures and their external elements;

2.7.5. Territories and capital structures of stations (stations) of all types of transport, structures and places for storage and Maintenance automoto Vehicle, including garages, parking lots, gas stations, car wash complexes;

2.7.6. Technical means of the organization traffic;

2.7.7. External lighting and illumination devices;

2.7.8. Landing stages, parking lots for small vessels, boat rescue stations, coastal structures and their external elements;

2.7.9. Facades of buildings and structures, elements of their decor, other external elements of buildings and structures, including portals of arched passages, roofs, porches, fences and protective grilles, canopies, canopies, windows, entrance doors, balconies, external stairs, bay windows, loggias, cornices, carpentry, shutters, drainpipes, chimneys, ventilation equipment, external antenna devices and radio-electronic equipment, lamps, flagpoles, wall-mounted air conditioners and other equipment attached to or built into walls, placed or mounted on the roof of buildings, building address information signs;

2.7.10. Objects of small architectural forms and elements of external improvement (artificial architectural-volumetric elements): fences and fences, incl. lawns and sidewalks, external stairs (built for ease of movement over rough terrain), devices for decorating mobile and vertical landscaping (retaining walls, gazebos, rotundas, pergolas, arches, canopies, garden sculpture, flowerpots, flower beds, trellises, trellises) ; traffic control posts, signs and signs; boat rescue stations, small sports facilities; water devices (fountains, pump rooms, decorative ponds); furniture (rest benches located in public spaces, recreation areas and courtyards; benches, tables for board games on playgrounds, in summer cafes; garden and outdoor furniture); advertising stands, stands, pillars, billboards for newspapers, posters and advertisements; communal and Technical equipment(containers for collecting household waste and container platforms, trash cans, clocks, mailboxes, elements of engineering equipment (lifting platforms for wheelchairs), inspection hatches, storm drain grates, cabinets telephone communication); street lamps, support poles, telephone booths, clocks; parking devices, etc., performing utilitarian and decorative functions;

2.7.11. Equipment for children's, sports and sports playgrounds;

2.7.12. Elements of festive decoration;

2.7.13. Structures and equipment for street trading, including pavilions, kiosks, trays, tents, shopping arcades, counters, motor vehicles specially adapted for street trading;

2.7.14. Waste disposal facility - a specially equipped structure designed for waste disposal (landfill, sludge storage, rock dump, etc.);

2.7.15. Places, equipment and structures intended for the sanitary maintenance of the territory, including equipment and facilities for the collection and removal of garbage, production and consumption waste;

2.7.16. Territories of production facilities, engineering infrastructure (including the external part of engineering communications), special purpose(including landfills, landfills for garbage disposal, production and consumption waste, sewage disposal and composting fields, cattle burial grounds), including the corresponding sanitary protection zones;

2.7.19. Berth - a hydraulic structure that has devices for the safe approach of ships and is intended for the safe parking of ships, servicing ships, servicing passengers, including boarding them on ships and disembarking them from ships;

2.7.20. Drainage network of the local area - closed elements of rainwater drainage (waterproofed rainwater inlet and inspection wells, drainage pipes-collectors), which are designed to ensure the standard drainage of rain, melt and groundwater from the local area of ​​one building;

2.7.21. Artificial relief elements - retaining walls, earthen embankments, excavations;

2.7.22. Surface Mating Elements - all types of external stairs, built for ease of movement over rough terrain, stairs designed for climbing to the porch, ramps, steps;

2.7.23. Signs with street names and house numbers;

2.7.24. Non-stationary retail facility (NTO) - a retail facility or facility providing personal services to the population, which is a temporary structure (temporary structure) not firmly connected to the land plot, regardless of whether or not it is connected to utility networks, including a mobile structure ;

2.7.25. Structures not intended for outdoor advertising - signs containing information about traffic control, and road orientation signs, traffic signs, traffic direction signs with color schemes, identification signs, information signs that contain information about construction, road construction , emergency and other works, about infrastructure facilities, attractions, museums, architectural ensembles, garden and park complexes, individual buildings and structures that are not commercial enterprises, of cultural value, to inform the population and guests of the city (village) about upcoming citywide (village-wide ) events and activities, decorative elements (soft banners, flags, lighting installations, banners, wall panels, garlands) that do not contain advertising information, structures intended exclusively for placing social advertising;

2.7.26. Mandatory information sign - a structure (signboard) installed in the area of ​​the entrance doors (at a distance no further than 2 meters from the entrance) of buildings, premises in which the organization is located, and containing information that the organization is obliged to bring to the attention of the consumer.

2.8. Street and road network - a set of linear objects located on public territory within the boundaries of red lines (streets, squares, roads and public passages).

2.9. Territory cleaning - a set of works related to the regular collection and removal of production and consumption waste, leaves, other garbage, snow and ice from the territories to specially designated places open ground, including lawns and hard-surfaced areas, other measures aimed at ensuring the environmental and sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population and protection environment;

2.10. Waste management - activities related to the collection, accumulation, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, and disposal of waste.

2.11. Municipal solid waste (MSW) - waste generated in residential premises during consumption by individuals, as well as goods that have lost their consumer properties during their use by individuals in residential premises to satisfy personal and household needs. MSW also includes waste generated during the activities of legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and similar in composition to waste generated in residential premises during consumption by individuals.

2.12. Liquid household waste(ZHBO) - waste generated as a result of the life activity of the population (fecal waste from non-centralized sewerage).

2.13. Production and consumption waste (hereinafter - waste) - substances or objects that are formed in the process of production, performance of work, provision of services or in the process of consumption, which are removed, intended for disposal or subject to disposal.

2.14. Hazardous waste - waste that contains harmful substances with hazardous properties (toxicity, explosion hazard, fire hazard, high reactivity) or containing pathogens of infectious diseases, or may pose an immediate or potential danger to the environment and human health independently or when reacting with other substances.

2.15. Estimate - contamination of the coating of road network objects, pedestrian path network, including, as a rule, dust, sand, foliage, debris.

2.16. MSW collection point - place for reloading MSW from containers into vehicles carrying out MSW removal.

2.17. Municipal solid waste landfill (MSW landfill) is a special structure designed for isolation and neutralization of MSW, guaranteeing the sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population.

2.18. Container site is a specially equipped site for the collection and temporary storage of MSW with the installation of the required number of containers.

2.19. MSW carrier is a person who provides services for the collection and removal of MSW for the purpose of further use, neutralization and disposal of such waste.

2.20. Container - capacity more than 0.2 cubic meters. m for collecting MSW.

2.21. Removal of MSW - unloading of MSW from containers into special vehicles and transportation for further use, neutralization, placement in places intended for isolation and neutralization of MSW, guaranteeing the sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population.

2.22. Unauthorized landfill - unauthorized (unauthorized) dumping (placement) or storage of municipal solid waste (MSW), production and consumption waste, and other waste generated in the course of the activities of legal, individuals and individual entrepreneurs in places not designated for these purposes.

2.23. Users of container sites or MSW collection sites are management organizations, homeowners' associations, housing cooperatives or other specialized consumer cooperatives or owners of premises in apartment buildings under the direct management of an apartment building, a MSW carrier, as well as other legal entities, individual entrepreneurs on whose territory there are container sites.

2.25. The edge of the roadway is the boundary between the roadway and the adjacent territory.

2.26. The tray part of the road is the territory of the roadway highway along the side (curb) stone of the road 0.5 meters wide.

2.27. Anti-icing materials are chemical, combined and friction materials used in solid or liquid form to combat winter slipperiness on road network objects, intra-microdistrict, intra-block roads and driveways, pedestrian and path network objects.

2.28. Earthwork - work associated with excavation and laying of soil, entailing disruption of the existing landscaping of the territory, including those associated with disruption of the design of roads, improved or unpaved surface of the territory, or the installation (laying) of improved surface of roads and sidewalks.

2.29. A specialized organization is an organization, regardless of its organizational and legal form, an individual entrepreneur that provides services to the consumer under a paid contract. A specialized organization must have specialized transport, trained personnel, and a license (in cases established by law) to carry out the relevant activities.

2.30. A vehicle that is not suitable for use and has signs of abandonment is a technically faulty or dismantled vehicle.

2.31. Specially equipped places for washing and repairing vehicles - buildings, structures and structures intended for washing and repairing vehicles, located on land plots of appropriate permitted use, provided on the basis of title documents.

2.32. Lawn is an artificial grass cover created by sowing certain types of grasses (mainly perennial grasses).

2.33. Turf is the top layer of the soil profile, formed by the root systems of herbaceous (cereal) plants and their vegetative organs.

2.34. Low-mobility groups of the population - disabled people of all groups (categories) and elderly people with health problems with a persistent disorder of body functions, leading to limited life activity; citizens with young children, including those using strollers; other persons with disabilities to move independently, navigate, communicate, forced due to a permanent or temporary physical disability to use for their movement necessary funds, equipment and guide dogs.

2.35. Emergency excavations are excavations carried out to eliminate damage to existing equipment and eliminate the failure of public utility supply systems or individual structures, equipment, devices and resulting in a significant reduction in the volume of provision of public services and causing damage to the environment, property of legal entities or individuals and public health.

2.36. Municipal customer - a municipal body or a municipal government agency acting on behalf of a municipal entity, authorized to accept budget obligations in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation on behalf of the municipal entity and carrying out procurement.

2.37. Maintenance of green spaces - a set of works for the care of green spaces in accordance with technologies for maintaining green spaces, carrying out sanitary felling (demolition) of emergency trees and thinning.

2.38. Elements of territory improvement - decorative, technical, planning, structural devices, plant components, various types of equipment and design, small architectural forms, non-permanent non-stationary structures, outdoor advertising and information used as components of landscaping.

2.39. The architectural appearance of non-stationary retail objects is a combination of external volumetric-spatial and coloristic solutions of the object.

2.40. The architectural appearance of a building is a set of external structural and decorative properties of an object that influence the perception of the surrounding buildings, as a result of architectural and construction work to create a finished image of the building (structure). The architectural appearance of an object consists of the coloristic solution of the external surfaces of the walls of the object, design solutions of external elements: architectural details, stained glass windows, external display cases, entrance lobbies, windows, placement of advertising structures, places and sizes of placement of elements for the corporate (corporate) style, overall dimensions of the object .

2.41. Passport of facades of a capital construction project - a document defining the architectural solution of all facades of a building (structure, structure), including general information about the object, description, image and photographic recording of the facades of the building (structure, structure) indicating the dimensions, material and condition.

The procedure for drawing up, amending and approving a facade passport, the standard form of a facade passport are established by the municipal legal act administration of the Bagrationovsky urban district.

2.42. Animals - all groups of farm animals, non-productive animals, birds, fur-bearing animals, fish, bees, as well as animals used in cultural and entertainment events (in zoos, circuses, in sports, in the field of recreation and entertainment of the population, at animal exhibitions and others cultural and entertainment events) held and divorced by citizens and legal entities.

2.43. Stray animals are animals that are in public places ah unattended.

2.44. Pets are non-productive animals to which a person feels affection and which are kept at home, in nurseries, in shelters to satisfy the need for communication, for aesthetic and educational purposes, including: dogs, cats, horses (not used as productive animals), dwarf pigs (mini pigs), domestic ferrets, small rodents (squirrels, decorative rats, Guinea pigs, ornamental mice, hamsters, gerbils, chinchillas, chipmunks, ornamental rabbits), hedgehogs, birds, small non-poisonous amphibians (frogs, newts, tree frogs), aquarium fish and shellfish.

2.45. Productive animals are animals that are kept by a person in a house or household for the purpose of making a profit or satisfying various needs, including obtaining food, raw materials of animal origin, and transportation. Productive animals include, among other things, farm animals used in the Russian Federation traditionally for the production of livestock and other agricultural products.

2.46. Animal owner is an individual or legal entity who owns, leases or temporarily maintains an animal.

2.48. Animal protection - measures taken by local governments, legal entities and citizens to prevent and suppress cruelty to animals, prevent, alleviate the suffering of stray animals and search for their owners, maintenance and transfer to new owners.

2.49. Catching is an event to detain stray animals.

2.50. Immobilization of an animal is a temporary (short-term) restriction of the animal’s motor functions.

2.51. Animal shelter - buildings, premises and territories specially equipped and intended for keeping animals, stray animals or animals for which the owner has renounced the right to own them.

2.52. Euthanasia is a humane action caused by the need to end the life of animals.

2.53. Sterilization of animals (castration) is the deprivation of animals' ability to reproduce.

2.54. Disposal of biological waste (animal corpses) is an environmentally friendly recycling process in an installation for thermal neutralization and incineration of biological waste.

2.55. Free-walking area is an area located in a place specially designated for these purposes, fenced with a lattice or mesh fence, equipped for walking dogs. Walking dogs without leashes and muzzles is allowed on the site if walking the dog cannot pose a danger to the life and health of people.

2.56. Restricted walking areas are sparsely populated places where dogs are allowed to walk either in a muzzle without a leash, or on a leash without a muzzle.

2.57. Restricted territory is an area where walking or appearing with a dog is prohibited: preschool and school institutions with adjacent territories, children's playgrounds, medical institutions, monuments of landscape gardening art and other places of cultural recreation for the population (beaches, zoo, botanical garden).

2.58. Green zones are territories within the boundaries of the Bagrationovsky urban district, covered with trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, including areas of historical landscaping, parks, public gardens, city gardens, green banks of rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and other green areas used for recreational purposes. , sanitary-protective and other environmental functions, as well as for decorative purposes.

2.59. Damage to green spaces - mechanical, thermal, chemical and other effects that led to disruption of the integrity of crowns, trunks, root systems, living ground cover, deterioration of soil quality, but did not lead to the cessation of growth and death of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation.

Basics of landscaping

One of the most painful places modern cities the problem of improving and preserving the environment arises. The latter directly affects the psychophysical state of city residents. The strategic direction for solving this problem is to organize the improvement of the territory of the municipality with the help of green spaces.

There are two main aspects of protecting green spaces:

• protection of green spaces from anthropogenic impact;
• protection of plantings during urban planning activities.

Today, the second aspect is much more relevant for most cities of the Russian Federation. The procedure for improvement of the territory of a municipality includes many points, united by such a concept as “urban planning”.

The main tasks of municipalities include cleaning of territories. The current requirements for cleanliness are very high. To implement them, projects for the improvement of municipal territories are being developed, where all points are clearly specified. For example, it describes the frequency of cleaning the area by janitors in the spring, summer and winter. Today, municipalities have the most modern equipment for high-quality cleaning of territories, so the problem in this area lies in the low qualifications of the workforce.

The next strategic issue in the improvement of the municipality is the procedure for waste disposal. Disposal rules must be followed both by specialized institutions and by the residents of the houses themselves.

Maintaining roads in proper condition deserves special attention. This most obvious problem must be solved at all levels, and the funds allocated for the repair of existing roads and the construction of new ones must be used for their intended purpose. In addition, managers must take the utmost responsibility in selecting contractors.

Organization of territory improvement

All powers necessary for the development of territories are vested in local governments. IN last years The rights of municipalities that develop methodological recommendations for the improvement of municipal territories have been significantly expanded.

Today, the powers and responsibilities of local governments in the field of improvement include:

• development and approval of rules for landscaping;
• organizing the work of commissions to draw up protocols regarding administrative offenses in this area;
• assignment of objects to unitary municipal enterprises or specialized organizations with which an agreement is concluded;
• selection of specialized enterprises for the collection and removal of household waste and conclusion of contracts with them;
• organizing strict control over compliance with the timely restoration of the roadway, rules for excavation work and implementation of other aspects of improvement;
• drawing up annual work plans based on legislative documents approving the rules for landscaping the territory of the municipality.

Taking into account all the available powers in matters of economic management, urban development, and the formation of economic and financial resources, we can say that local governments have serious opportunities to create comfortable conditions for the population of a city, district, town, or microdistrict. Therefore on this moment Responsibility for the improvement of the territory of municipalities largely lies with local governments.

Improvement is a set of measures for the maintenance of the territory, as well as for the design and placement of improvement facilities, aimed at ensuring and improving the comfort of living conditions for citizens, maintaining and improving the sanitary and aesthetic condition of the territory. Territory improvement objects – territories where improvement activities are carried out: sites, courtyards, blocks, functional planning formations, other territories. In accordance with Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the common property of a multi-apartment residential building, owned by the owners of the premises on the right of common shared ownership, includes the land plot on which the house is located, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, and others intended for maintenance, operation and improvement of this house and objects located on the specified land plot. In accordance with the Rules and Standards for the Technical Operation of the Housing Stock, approved by Resolution of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and Housing and Communal Sector dated September 27, 2003 No. 170 “On Approval of the Rules and Standards for the Technical Operation of the Housing Stock” The territory of each household, as a rule, should have: utility area for drying clothes, cleaning clothes, carpets and household items; a recreation area for adults; children's playgrounds and sports grounds with landscaping and the necessary equipment of small architectural forms for summer and winter holiday children. The utility area should have poles with a device for drying clothes, rods for drying clothes, hangers, a box with sand, a garbage bin and a table with benches. The maintenance of the common property of an apartment building includes, among other things, measures for the maintenance and care of landscaping and landscaping elements, as well as other intended for the maintenance, operation and improvement of this apartment building objects located on a land plot that is part of the common property.

Who bears the burden of expenses for improvement of local areas that are part of the common property of multi-apartment residential buildings?

In accordance with Article 39 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, owners of premises in apartment building bear the burden of expenses for maintaining common property in an apartment building, including the land plot on which the residential building with landscaping and landscaping elements is located. Any work carried out as part of the improvement of adjacent areas that are part of the common property of an apartment building is carried out at the expense of the owners of this residential building. That is, the owners and tenants of the premises of an apartment building pay a monthly fee to the service organization for the maintenance and repair of the residential premises, which includes: fees for services and work on managing the apartment building, maintenance and routine repairs of common property in the apartment building. Major repairs of common property in an apartment building are carried out separately at the expense of the owner of the housing stock. Landscaping of the territory of a residential building can be carried out both during the ongoing maintenance of common property, and as a result of major repairs of the common property of a residential building. Also, the improvement of local areas can be carried out at the expense of budget funds as part of the implementation of state or municipal programs. As part of the improvement of the local area: For current repairs includes work on the repair and restoration of destroyed sections of sidewalks, driveways, paths, blind areas of fences and equipment for sports, utility and recreation areas, platforms and sheds for waste containers. For a major overhaul

includes work on paving, asphalting, landscaping, installation of fences, buildings, equipment for children's and utility areas. All work on current repairs must be carried out by the service organization of an apartment building independently without paying additional fees (except for the monthly fee for the maintenance and repair of common property). Major repairs are carried out separately at the expense of all owners of an apartment building based on a decision of the general meeting of owners.

In accordance with the Federal Law of 06.10.2003 No. 131-FZ “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation”, the organization of improvement of the territory of the municipality (including street lighting, landscaping of the territory, installation of signs with street names and house numbers, placement and maintenance of small architectural forms), as well as the use, protection, protection, reproduction of municipal forests, specially protected forests natural areas located within the boundaries settlements settlement is a matter of local importance for an urban, rural settlement, urban district, intra-city area.

Who bears the burden of costs for improvement of municipal territories?

Improvement of the territories of municipalities is carried out by local governments at the expense of the municipal budget. Maintenance and improvement of territories belonging to individuals and legal entities on the right of ownership or other property right is carried out by these individuals or legal entities.

Rules for improvement of municipal territories

Rules for the improvement of municipal territories are established by each local government body independently. Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2011 No. 613 “On approval of Methodological recommendations for the development of norms and rules for the improvement of the territories of municipalities” approved general Methodological recommendations for the development of norms and rules for the improvement of the territories of municipalities.

Cleaning the area

The organization of cleaning of territories under the jurisdiction of municipalities is carried out by local governments in agreement with a specialized organization within the limits of the funds provided for these purposes in the budget of the municipality. It is recommended that industrial organizations be required to create protective green belts, fence off residential areas from industrial buildings, improve and maintain in good order and clean the exits from the organization and construction sites to highways and streets. On the territory of the municipality it is prohibited to accumulate and place production and consumption waste in unauthorized places. It is recommended to oblige persons who have placed production and consumption waste in unauthorized places to clean up the area at their own expense, and, if necessary, to reclaim the land. If it is impossible to identify the persons who placed production and consumption waste in unauthorized landfills, it is recommended that the removal of production and consumption waste and the reclamation of landfill areas be carried out at the expense of the persons responsible for ensuring the cleanup of these areas. It is recommended that the collection and removal of production and consumption waste be carried out using a container or bulk system in the prescribed manner. In the public areas of the municipality, it is recommended to introduce a ban on the burning of production and consumption waste. To prevent clogging of streets, squares, squares and other public places with production and consumption waste, it is recommended to install small containers (urns, tanks) specially designed for temporary waste storage. Waste removal should be carried out in ways that exclude the possibility of its loss during transportation, the creation of an emergency situation, or harm caused by transported waste to human health and the environment. Removal of hazardous waste should be carried out by licensed organizations in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation. When cleaning at night, measures should be taken to prevent noise. It is recommended that the maintenance and cleaning of public gardens and adjacent sidewalks, driveways and lawns be carried out by specialized organizations for landscaping the city in agreement with the local government at the expense of funds provided in the budget of the municipality.

Features of cleaning the territory in the spring-summer period

It is recommended to carry out spring-summer cleaning of the territory from April 15 to October 15 and include washing, watering and sweeping the roadways of streets, sidewalks, and squares. Depending on the climatic conditions By resolution of the municipal administration, the spring-summer cleaning period may be changed. The entire width of the roadway of streets and squares should be washed. It is recommended to finish cleaning trays and curbs from sand, dust, and debris after washing by 7 a.m. Washing road surfaces and sidewalks, as well as sweeping sidewalks, is recommended to be done from 23:00 to 7:00 am, and wet sweeping of roadways is recommended to be done as needed from 9:00 am to 21:00 pm.

Features of cleaning the territory in the autumn-winter period

It is recommended to carry out autumn-winter cleaning of the territory from October 15 to April 15 and include cleaning and removal of garbage, snow and ice, dirt, and sprinkling the streets with sand mixed with chlorides. Depending on climatic conditions, the autumn-winter cleaning period may be changed by decree of the municipal administration. Laying freshly fallen snow in banks and piles should be allowed on all streets, squares, embankments, boulevards and squares with subsequent removal. Depending on the width of the street and the nature of traffic on it, it is recommended to lay the shafts either on both sides of the roadway, or on one side of the roadway along the sidewalk, leaving the necessary passages and passages. Spreading with chloride-contaminated sand should generally begin immediately upon the onset of snowfall or ice. First of all, when there is ice, slopes, ascents, intersections, and stopping places get covered. public transport, pedestrian crossings. It is recommended to sprinkle sidewalks with dry sand without chlorides. Clearing snow from roofs and removing icicles should be carried out with safety measures in place: assigning duty officers, fencing sidewalks, equipping people working at height with safety equipment. Snow thrown from roofs should be removed immediately. On driveways removed by specialized organizations, snow should be removed from the roofs before removing snow swept from road surfaces and placed in a common shaft with them. All sidewalks, courtyards, roadways, streets, squares, embankments, market squares and other areas with asphalt pavement are recommended to be cleared of snow and icy surfaces using a scraper and sprinkled with sand before 8 a.m. Snow removal should only be permitted to designated dump areas. It is recommended to provide snow dump sites with convenient access points and the necessary mechanisms for storing snow. It is recommended to begin cleaning and removal of snow and ice from streets, squares, bridges, dams, squares and boulevards immediately from the beginning of snowfall and primarily from main streets, trolleybus and bus routes, bridges, dams and overpasses to ensure uninterrupted traffic flow to avoid overrunning. When cleaning streets, driveways, and squares, specialized organizations recommend that individuals ensure that, after the passage of snow removal equipment, they clean up curb trays and clear entrances and pedestrian crossings, both from the side of buildings and from the opposite side of the driveway, if there are no other buildings there.

Work on landscaping and maintenance of green spaces

Landscaping of the territory, work on the maintenance and restoration of parks, squares, green areas, maintenance and protection of urban forests are recommended to be carried out by specialized organizations under agreements with the administration of the municipality within the limits of the funds provided in the budget of the municipality for these purposes. New plantings of trees and shrubs on the territory of streets, squares, parks, squares and multi-storey buildings, floral decoration of squares and parks, as well as major repairs and reconstruction of landscape architecture objects are recommended to be carried out only according to projects agreed upon with the administration of the municipality. As part of plant maintenance, it is recommended to: - ensure timely implementation of all necessary agrotechnical measures (watering, loosening, pruning, drying, pest and plant disease control, grass mowing); - pruning and cutting down dead wood and emergency trees, cutting out dry and broken branches and cutting out branches that limit visibility technical means traffic regulation; - bring to the attention of local authorities about all cases of mass appearance of pests and diseases and take measures to combat them, putty wounds and cavities on trees; - carry out timely repairs of green fences. In green areas, it is recommended to establish a ban on the following: - walking and lying on lawns and in young forest plantings; - break trees, bushes, twigs and branches, pick leaves and flowers, knock down and collect fruits; - pitch tents and make fires; - litter lawns, flower beds, paths and ponds; - damage sculptures, benches, fences; - extract sap from trees, make cuts, inscriptions, stick advertisements, license plates, all kinds of signs, wires to trees and hammer hooks and nails into trees for hanging hammocks, swings, ropes, dry laundry on the branches; - ride bicycles, motorcycles, horses, tractors and cars; - wash vehicles, wash clothes, and bathe animals in reservoirs located in green spaces; - park vehicles on lawns; - graze livestock; - arrange ice skating rinks and snow slides, skiing, skating, sleigh rides, organize games, dances, with the exception of places designated for these purposes; - carry out construction and repair work without fencing plantings with shields that guarantee their protection from damage; - expose the roots of trees at a distance closer than 1.5 m from the trunk and cover the necks of trees with earth or construction debris; - store materials on the territory of green spaces, as well as arrange warehouses of materials in adjacent areas that contribute to the spread of pests of green spaces; - arrange dumps of garbage, snow and ice, throw snow from roofs in areas with green spaces, without taking measures to ensure the safety of trees and shrubs; - extract plant soil, sand and carry out other excavations; - walk and let dogs off leash in parks, forest parks, public gardens and other green areas; - burn leaves and garbage on the public territory of the municipality. It is recommended to establish a ban on unauthorized cutting of trees and shrubs. It is recommended that the demolition of large trees and shrubs falling within the development zone or the laying of underground communications, installation of high-voltage lines and other structures within the boundaries of the municipality be carried out only with written permission from the administration of the municipality. For the forced demolition of large trees and shrubs associated with construction or the laying of underground communications, it is recommended to charge a replacement cost. A permit for the demolition of trees and shrubs should be issued after payment of the replacement cost. If these plantings are subject to replanting, a permit should be issued without payment of replacement cost. The size of the replacement cost of green spaces and the location of plantings are determined by the administration of the municipality. For any damage or unauthorized cutting down of green spaces, as well as for failure to take protective measures and negligent attitude towards green spaces, it is recommended that those responsible be charged the replacement cost of the damaged or destroyed plantings.