What to eat after an acute respiratory infection. Dietary rules for acute respiratory viral infections

You dressed warmly, ate a balanced diet, walked in the fresh air and led an active life, but still caught a cold. No need to be upset! Treatment prescribed by your doctor, as well as an anti-cold diet, will get you back on your feet in a short time. What do you need to know about nutrition during illness? And what foods are important to exclude from your menu in order to quickly become healthy and active?

English folk wisdom prescribes “starving a fever,” but scientists are categorically against reducing the amount of food on the menu of a sick person. Research shows that when we get sick, our bodies need more calories to function properly and resist illness.

One of the worst things you can do when you have a cold is to stop eating a balanced diet by limiting your calories. Your body needs nutrients that are essential, among other things, to strengthen your immune system. This means that nutrition is an important condition for a speedy return to a healthy life.

But it's no secret that heat, body aches, sore throat and other cold symptoms negatively affect appetite. Sometimes it can be difficult to force yourself to eat at least a piece of lean meat or drink a glass of broth. In this case, you need to plan your diet by listening to your body.

Plenty of warm drinks and moderately high-calorie food give the body additional energy, without which recovery is impossible. By putting the body into “starvation” mode, a sick person worsens existing symptoms and prolongs the disease.

For a comfortable recovery, follow these rules:

• Eat when you're hungry, not just during mealtimes.
• Eat small meals. Plan for 5-6 small meals instead of 3 main meals.
• Keep healthy foods on hand.
• Limit your fluid intake during meals.

What foods are best not to eat when you have a cold or cough?

It is better to exclude fluffy pastries, chocolate cookies, candies and other sweets that are abundant in confectionery stores from your menu during the cold season. The fact is that they reduce the activity of leukocytes, blood cells that successfully resist viruses and bacteria. By leaning on sweets, you expose your body to additional risk and prevent it from actively fighting a cold.

In addition, flour products with various powders - powdered sugar, coconut flakes or poppy seeds, can irritate a sore throat, causing additional coughing attacks.

What to replace it with?

Opt for saltine crackers, biscuits and plain toast. This light food will not harm your health, but on the contrary, it will be well accepted by the gastrointestinal tract if you have digestive problems or an upset stomach. In the list of healthy foods for colds, also include dried fruits - prunes, figs, dried apricots.

Are dairy products beneficial during acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections is a pressing question for researchers. Many experts urge avoiding dairy products at the first suspicion of illness, as they can contribute to the formation of mucus, which worsens the symptoms of a “wet” cough and runny nose. Others say that there will be no harm from a glass of hot milk with honey, but there is some benefit.

The point of disagreement is the opinion of Dr. James Steckelberg, professor of medicine, consultant in the department of infectious diseases at the Mayo Clinic School of Medicine (Mayo Clinic). “Although consuming dairy products may promote mucus formation, milk does not thicken the phlegm or make the patient's condition worse.”

What to replace it with?

If you cannot imagine your life without dairy products, replace fatty “sour milk” with milk of 1% -2.5% fat. Do you like warm drinks? Drink warm mint tea; it has high pain-relieving properties, and in combination with honey, it softens the throat and cures cough. Another great option- cranberry juice - natural spring vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system.

The stronger your cold and the more severe your condition, the easier the food should be for your stomach. Including dishes in your diet that create an increased burden on the gastrointestinal tract can be detrimental to your health. Therefore, during your illness, avoid eating processed foods and fast food - they are difficult to digest, creating heaviness in the stomach. It is also advisable to reduce the amount of salty foods and those rich in spices, as they can irritate the intestinal walls.

As for fried foods, they should be excluded completely. The “taboo” category includes semi-finished products - pancakes, pies, etc., and “healthy” products - regular meat, chicken legs. In addition to the fact that fried foods are high in fat, they also often contain carcinogens. By forcing the liver and heart to fight all this, you once again put a strain on the body, which now has other tasks.

What to replace it with?

Chicken noodle soup can successfully replace meat products during a cold. Researchers at the University of Nebraska Medical Center have proven that this simple dish gives a sick person much-needed relief. Thus, the amino acid cysteine ​​contained in chicken helps thin mucus and facilitate its successful expectoration, and hot broth protects the body from dehydration and helps fight inflammation in the throat. A few more options for a delicious hot lunch - vegetable stew with a slice of meat, cereals and a piece of steamed fish, vegetable stew.

Korean snacks, spicy salads, homemade preserves, and “spicy” dishes increase the secretion of gastric juice and can cause heartburn. If the patient has a history of gastritis, consuming all of the above is strictly prohibited. Irritation of the stomach walls can cause a relapse of the disease and then gastritis will be added to the cold. Spicy foods are a common culprit of stomach pain and nausea.

Popular advice - eating more onions, horseradish and garlic during illness also does not suit everyone. Although the juice of these vegetables helps to ease nasal breathing, the sharp and rich taste irritates an already sore throat, causing discomfort. Therefore, you need to consume the listed products strictly in moderation, best of all by adding juice to other dishes.

What to replace it with?

An alternative to the spicy menu will be the delicate taste of rice, buckwheat and oatmeal, boiled potatoes. You can eat them on their own, or you can add baked skinless chicken or turkey, or light salads. Please note that you should not eat broccoli and other types of cabbage raw, just as you should not indulge in legumes and mushrooms. They will lead to bloating, may cause increased gas formation and cause diarrhea.

When you have a cold, you may want to cheer yourself up by drinking a cup of strong coffee or a bottle of energy drink. These drinks can really give you the desired energy and tone your body. But the effect will be short-lived - it will be replaced by lethargy, anxiety, increased fatigue and loss of mood. In addition, coffee and strong black tea can worsen a sore throat, especially if the inflammation is severe. Doctors advise avoiding caffeine-containing drinks when sick.

What to replace it with?

Focus on soothing and soothing throat herbal teas, drink sweetened water with lemon and ginger. But drinking packaged juices and juice drinks is not recommended. Because of high content sugars and preservatives, they can increase inflammation and work against your immune system. Only natural concentrated juices, slightly diluted, are useful. clean water.

And be sure to load up on fresh fruits and berries, they are the best source of vigor and good mood. The only exception to the rule is citrus fruits, which should be consumed with caution. Due to the presence of vitamin C, they are great for speeding up the recovery process and strengthening the immune system, but can cause an allergic reaction.

The cold weather receded - and then flu and colds made themselves known. It is not during frost, but during thaw that the risk of catching the virus is highest. And if you are unable to protect yourself from infection, you must, in addition to pharmaceutical mixtures and powders, carefully consider the structure of your diet. It is worth focusing on those products that promote antiviral protection and strengthen the immune system, and, therefore, help the body and prevent the development of complications. And you will recover faster.

10 rules for eating when you have a cold

Rule 1. Energy for the body

When you have a cold, the need for energy increases, which is primarily provided by easily digestible carbohydrates. Therefore, it is necessary to include oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge, drinks with honey, sweet fruits and juices from them into the diet.

Rule 2. More proteins…

With a lack of protein, the synthesis of digestive enzymes and antibodies is disrupted, and the bactericidal activity of blood serum decreases. Therefore, the daily amount of protein for colds should be at least 1 g/kg body weight. In this case, it is desirable that these are animal proteins. Because plant proteins may lack some amino acids, which can lead to disruption of protein synthesis, including those necessary for immunity. Milk, lactic acid products, cottage cheese, lean meats, fish and poultry, and eggs are used as sources of animal protein.

Particular attention should be paid to chicken broth. Due to the presence of essential amino acids in chicken meat, this dish is a wonderful stimulator of mucus production, which makes sputum less viscous and makes coughing easier during colds.

In addition, it is necessary to enrich the diet with foods rich in glutathione. Glutathione enhances the activity of the immune system. This powerful antioxidant is found in large quantities in garlic, onions, veal, spinach, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and walnuts.

Rule 3. and less fat!

Among animal fats, preference can only be given to dairy products and butter. Moreover, butter and vegetable oil (up to 10 g) should be added to prepared dishes, and not used for frying.

Rule 4. Carbohydrates must be “correct”

Simple carbohydrates need to be increased in the diet. Drink juices, vegetable decoctions, jelly, compotes, tea with honey, lemon, jam. Limit only foods that enhance fermentation processes in the intestines (grapes, pears) and contain coarse fiber (fresh white cabbage).

Rule 5. Vitamins

During infections, the body's need for vitamins increases significantly. Vitamins that affect the immune system are especially valuable.

First of all, this vitamin C, which enhances the phagocytic and bacterial activity of macrophages, stimulates the T-system of cellular immunity, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects. Among the food sources of ascorbic acid, you must consume black currants (can be frozen) daily. sauerkraut(by the way, the maximum amount of ascorbic acid is contained not in the cabbage itself, but in the brine), rosehip infusion, sweet red pepper.

Vitamin A has an immunostimulating effect by accelerating the proliferation of lymphocytes and activating phagocytosis. Food sources of vitamin A: liver, egg yolk, butter, hard cheeses. During the cold period, foods rich in beta-carotene should be introduced into the diet: dried apricots, carrots, asparagus, beets, broccoli, melon, mango, peaches, pink grapefruit, pumpkin, tangerines, tomatoes, watermelon).

Vitamin B2(riboflavin) improves the state of humoral and cellular immunity by participating in tissue respiration. Vitamin B2 large quantities found in yeast, almonds, cheeses, eggs, cottage cheese.

Vitamin B6(pyridoxine) improves immunity primarily due to its active participation in protein metabolism. Food sources of pyridoxine: offal, meat, beans, soybeans, yeast, beans, rice, millet, buckwheat, potatoes.

Vitamin D increases the body's immune defense. Food sources of vitamin D: liver oil of fish and marine animals, salmon, herring, mackerel, caviar, tuna, egg, cream, sour cream.

Rule 6. Macro-useful microelements

Among the microelements, zinc is the most important for the immune system. During scientific research Regular consumption of foods containing zinc during the early stages of a cold has been shown to reduce the duration of symptoms. Sprouted wheat grains are rich in zinc (contains 12 mg of zinc per 100 g), beef liver (8.4 mg per 100 g), pork liver (5.9 mg per 100 g), lentils (5 mg per 100 g. ), as well as eggs, beef, nuts, seafood, flax and sunflower seeds.

Legumes, sesame, and peanuts also contain a lot of zinc, but it is associated with phytic acid, which reduces its absorption and absorption. The daily requirement for zinc is 15-25 mg.

Rule 7. Salt and liquid - in moderation

Table salt is limited to 8-10 g/day, but with significant sodium losses (through sweat), the amount of salt is increased to 12-15 g/day. Also, during fever, you need to drink a large amount of free fluid (2-2.5 l/day).

Rule 8. Stimulate appetite

When you have a cold, it is important to maintain your appetite, so you can sometimes include those foods and dishes that the patient likes, and not offer those that require effort on the part of weakened digestion (tough parts of meat, durum varieties raw apples, chicken with skin).

Rule 9. Cognac?

If you tolerate alcohol well, try adding 30-40 ml of cognac to your tea; Cahors, natural red or white wines mixed with water are also suitable. In the absence of good natural wines, you can use vodka or 25% alcohol.

Rule 10. No crispy crust!

When cooking food, use only boiling in water or steaming. Frying and baking until crusty in the oven is prohibited. The temperature of cold dishes should be no lower than 15 °C, hot food - no higher than 65 °C. Meals should be divided, 5-6 times a day, in small portions at a time.

The best cold products

Garlic

The most effective product for flu and colds is garlic. Allicin contained in garlic cloves successfully destroys not only influenza viruses, but also other harmful bacteria and fungi. If you don't like the strong taste of garlic too much, you can cut cloves and swallow these pieces without chewing, or you can mix grated garlic with butter and use for sandwiches or, by mixing mashed garlic with linden honey (1:1), take a tablespoon with water. You can use horseradish juice with honey diluted with water (1: 1: 1) to prevent the flu and also take a tablespoon per day.

Onion

An ancient Russian recipe is “onion antigrippin”: for this you need to grate an onion, pour in 0.5 liters of boiling milk, leave for 20 minutes and drink half a glass warm at night. But remember that horseradish, onions and garlic should be taken with extreme caution for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, enteritis, pancreatitis).

Pepper

Capsaicin contained in hot red pepper and piperine in black pepper also have an antiviral effect and stimulate activity respiratory system and therefore, adding it in small quantities to main dishes during a cold period will be useful. Capsaicin activates blood circulation, improves lymph outflow, reduces the formation of mucus, dilates the bronchi - has a bronchodilator and mucolytic effect, which is important for facilitating coughing during colds.

Anti-cold drinks

Tea with spices

Tea with coriander, cinnamon and ginger has a whole bunch of useful substances, which have an antiviral effect, and also stimulate sweating and make breathing easier. To prepare this healing drink, boil two tablespoons of grated fresh ginger in two glasses of water for 15 minutes, add a pinch of coriander and cinnamon, and let steep for another 10 minutes. Drink one third of a glass three times a day.

Mint infusion

American scientists recommend the following recipe for an anti-cold drink: pour a teaspoon of peppermint into a glass of boiling water, heat for 3-5 minutes over low heat, strain, add a teaspoon of honey, a finely chopped clove of garlic and juice from a quarter of a lemon and drink the warm infusion at night. You need to drink at least one glass a day.

Aloe honey

A drink made from aloe and honey is very useful during the flu period. To prepare it take lower leaves aloe (at least 3-5 years old), kept in the refrigerator for up to 2 days, washed, squeezed out the juice and mixed with honey in a ratio of 1: 2. It is necessary to leave the mixture in the refrigerator for 3-4 days, then take 3 tablespoons once a day 30 minutes before meals.

Menu for the patient

This menu will ease the acute phase of the disease and speed up recovery:

• 1st breakfast: oatmeal porridge with milk, tea with lemon
• 2nd breakfast: steam omelette, rosehip decoction
• Lunch: pureed vegetable soup with chicken broth (half portion), steamed meat balls, rice porridge (half portion), pureed compote
• Afternoon snack: baked apple
• Dinner: stewed fish with potatoes, vinaigrette, weak tea with honey
• At night: kefir or other fermented milk drinks.

Anti-cold puree soup from Natalia Batsukova

We will need:

• Onion - 1 piece
• Carrots - 1 pc.
• Celery - 200 g (stems or root)
• Leek - 300 gr
• Cauliflower – 200 gr
• Potatoes - 1 large tuber
• Chicken – 250 gr
• Cream - 250 gr
• Tomato paste - 1 tbsp.
• Greens, salt, pepper

How to cook: Fry the onions, carrots and celery for 2 minutes, then add the leeks, after 2 minutes - cauliflower and potatoes. Mix and add chicken. Fill with water, pepper, salt, add bay leaf and herbs. Cover and cook for half an hour. When everything is cooked, add a spoonful of tomato paste and pour in the cream. Bring to a boil and grind with a blender.

Be healthy!

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ARVI is a common viral disease that affects adults and children equally. To cure an infection without consequences for the body, one dose medicines not enough.

You also need to eat right. Nutrition during a cold plays an important role. Food should help strengthen the immune system and alleviate the symptoms of the disease, but not put a lot of strain on the digestive tract.

With colds, the immune system begins to actively produce antibodies to prevent the destructive effect of the pathogen on the body. Their action is aimed at destroying infectious agents.

And in order for the process of synthesis of these antibodies to occur faster and more efficiently, the body requires certain substances that it cannot produce on its own.

Accordingly, he must receive them from the outside, that is, from food. The main substance that the body needs during a cold is protein.

However, in order for it to be easily digested, additional energy will be required, as well as digestive enzymes. In addition, a sick body needs vitamins and minerals that will enhance the synthesis of antibodies and cleanse the blood of toxic substances.

This is why it is so important to follow the rules of nutrition when you have a cold. If a person strictly follows them, he will not only provide the necessary support to the immune system, but will also significantly alleviate his condition during the period of illness.

When you have a cold, you need to eat in such a way that the body does not experience additional stress, but at the same time receives everything it needs.

In case of acute respiratory diseases, you need to eat often and in small portions. Thus, even if a patient with influenza or ARVI has no appetite, his body will receive the necessary nutrients.

In the presence of painful sensations In the throat, food must be crushed before consumption. Its consistency should be soft, since rough and hard food can injure the mucous membrane of the pharynx, only increasing the pain.

The temperature of the food should be moderate. Cold and hot food should not be consumed, it has an irritating effect.

How to cook

The cooking process is also important. It should not be fried or baked.

• sour foods;
• hot spices and sauces;
• smoked meats;

Preference should be given to dairy products, meat, vegetables and fruits. It is important to maintain a drinking regime, since sufficient fluid intake ensures the effective removal of toxic substances from the body.

But you should not drink drinks that have a diuretic effect, as they increase the load on the kidneys. In addition, if you sweat heavily, such drinks can cause dehydration.

As for restrictions, it is necessary to exclude fresh baked goods from the diet.

In its production, yeast is used, which is a kind of activator for viruses - they increase the permeability of cell membranes, making it much easier for the virus to penetrate them. It is also not recommended to abuse sugar and confectionery products.

By following these simple nutritional rules, a person can significantly improve their well-being and speed up the healing process, and prevent the development of serious complications.

Diet for colds and ARVI

The diet for ARVI must be followed starting from the first days of the disease. Food should be easily digestible, and the content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be balanced.

To speed up the healing process, you will need to limit the amount of refractory fats in your diet, but you should not give up easily digestible carbohydrates, as they replenish energy reserves in the body in a short time.

A healthy diet for ARVI involves consuming large amounts of protein. The lack of this substance leads to disruption of the production of enzymes necessary for digesting food. When writing a daily menu for a patient, you need to take into account that the optimal intake in this case would be protein consumption at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg.

The diet must include vegetables and fruits. They contain a lot of useful substances, including vitamins and minerals necessary to strengthen the immune system.

Speaking about what a person should eat during a cold, it should be noted that the most beneficial will be the consumption of foods high in zinc and vitamin C.

In addition, you should include foods rich in vitamin E and B in your diet, as they stimulate the synthesis of antibodies. It is also recommended to eat foods containing vitamin A, which promotes the regeneration of damaged mucous membranes of the nasopharynx.

If antibacterial drugs are used to treat ARVI, it is necessary to include products with bifidobacteria in the diet.

They should also be used for several weeks after complete recovery. They prevent imbalance of intestinal microflora and avoid digestive problems.

And, of course, you need to drink as much fluid as possible. As already mentioned, it helps remove toxins from the body and reduces signs of intoxication (headache, chills, etc.).

Authorized Products

Many people wonder what to eat if there is a fever and other signs of ARVI in order to alleviate the symptoms. As a rule, the most acute symptoms of a cold appear in the first 2-3 days.

During this period, you can eat baked apples, low-fat yoghurts (preferably natural, without additives), as well as other fermented milk products.

They contain large quantities of protein and bifidobacteria, which not only strengthens the immune system, but also improves digestive processes.

In addition, during the period of ARVI, it is recommended to consume chicken meat. It also contains important microelements and protein, but is practically free of refractory fats.
Also during a cold you should give preference to:

• sauerkraut (it has a lot of vitamin C);
• eggs;
• porridge (oatmeal, buckwheat, rice);
• low-fat varieties of fish;
• vegetables and fruits;
• herbal decoctions.

Fish and vegetables should be consumed daily. These products provide the body with all the necessary substances, they combine perfectly with each other and do not put additional stress on the digestive tract.

We remind you that all food should be steamed, with a minimum amount of spices and salt.

The following foods should be avoided if you have a cold:

• fried and fatty meat;
• vegetable salads dressed with mayonnaise;
• new milk;
• fermented milk products containing a large amount of fat;
• alcoholic drinks;
• sour berries and fruits;
• fresh cabbage;
• grape;
• pears;
• green tea, coffee.

The best cold-fighting foods and drinks

To make the recovery process much faster, it is recommended to include in the diet foods that not only provide the body with energy, but also help prevent bacterial complications against the background of ARVI:

• onion and garlic;
• pepper;
• ginger;

Since the vegetables from this list contain enzymes that irritate the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, they should be consumed in moderation.

It is better to eat them as part of some dishes and prepare healing drinks from them. Drinking fluids in combination with these products will be more effective.

For example, it is considered very useful warm milk with honey and tea with spices. To prepare the latter, black loose leaf tea is used. It is brewed in the usual way, and then a little ground pepper and chopped ginger are added to it.

How to feed a child with a cold

The diet for colds and acute respiratory viral infections in children is no different from the diet indicated for adults. During colds, they are also recommended foods that contain a lot of proteins, easily digestible carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.

Fresh fruits, fermented milk and dairy products, lean meats and fish are the basis of the diet for ARVI in children. It is also mandatory to maintain a drinking regime and protect the child from heavy stress, both physical and emotional.

To make food easier to digest, food should be of liquid consistency, made from boiled or steamed vegetable and meat products. You should not force a child to eat if he does not want to.

This will cause him irritation, which will negatively affect his psycho-emotional state. And excess stress during illness is undesirable, as it delays the moment of recovery.
The baby should be fed in small portions every 2-2.5 hours.

• meat soufflé;
• chicken and vegetable broths;
• milk porridge.

Since viral infections are often accompanied by fever, the child needs to drink plenty of fluids.

Instead of regular water, you can offer your baby mint juice, fruit juices, tea with honey and cinnamon.

Nutrition for ARVI is an important component of therapy. How a person eats during illness often determines how quickly he can recover.

Nutrition should be balanced and provide the body with all the necessary substances.
All products that contain:

• vitamin C;
• B vitamins;
• vitamins A and E;
• zinc and magnesium;
• proteins and easily digestible carbohydrates.

However, this does not mean that a sick person will have to completely change his diet. A sudden refusal of favorite foods can negatively affect his emotional state, which will only prolong the path to recovery.

Therefore, there is no need to completely change your diet, just increase the amount in it. healthy products and minimize the use of those on the non-recommended list.

During illness, food should awaken a person’s appetite and desire to eat it. You should not force him to eat, especially when it comes to children.

To make the diet most effective, you can also use traditional methods fight against ARVI.

Alternative medicine offers many recipes for preparing various drinks and remedies that will also help strengthen the immune system and speed up the healing process. However, before using them, you should always consult your doctor.

Despite the fact that we are doing everything possible to winter period not to get sick, anyway, almost every person usually gets even a slight runny nose. During cold and flu season, you need to know a list of foods and drinks that will get you back to work in no time.

Very often during a cold or flu there is absolutely no appetite, but our body needs nutrition to fight viruses and diseases. So what should you eat when you're sick? After all, it is necessary to choose light, nutritious and healthy food so that the body receives the maximum amount of useful and nutrients to fight the disease and at the same time spends a minimum amount of energy on digesting food. In addition to the fact that food must be nutritious, it must also be tasty, because during illness you so want to please yourself with little joys.

What to eat when you are sick and why?

During illness, our body needs a lot of calories. Our body works twice as hard to fight infection, especially if you have a fever. To more effectively fight the disease, our body spends a lot of energy. Therefore, eating the right food during illness helps you recover twice as fast.
All doctors say that it is necessary to eat properly and regularly, because if we eat little, the body does not have enough calories to repair itself. The latest research shows that when food is reduced, the patient’s health worsens and the duration of illness lengthens.

Of course, during illness there is no appetite or strength to eat anything, but you need to eat in small portions and often. We have decided that we must eat, now we will decide what to eat during illness.

What to eat to recover during illness?

1. Chicken soup
You won't believe it, but in fact, ordinary chicken noodle soup is a wonderful food during illness. Chicken contains an amino acid called cysteine, which helps remove mucus from the lungs. Chicken bouillon helps keep nasal passages moist, prevents dehydration, and also fights inflammation in the throat.

2. Hot tea
Warm liquids can help soothe a sore throat, such as freshly brewed green tea, which is rich in antioxidants that effectively fight infections and supports a healthy immune system. Or, for example hot water with lemon is an ideal remedy for combating throat disease, and also helps relieve nasal congestion.

3. Citrus fruits
We all know very well that vitamin C is an excellent remedy for fighting diseases. Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C and they reduce the severity and length of diseases. The film between the slices on oranges, lemons, grapefruits and limes contains flavonoids, which boost the immune system and are great for speeding up the fight against disease.

4. Spicy food
Spicy foods will help relieve nasal congestion. In addition, chili pepper, wasabi or horseradish will help kill viruses in the nasopharynx.

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