How the elders appear at the beginning of the story. Essays
Take it with you on the journey, leaving the soft teenage years into stern, embittering courage, take with you all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!
N.V. Gogol
Each writer has his own connections with the present, with the past, with the future. The larger it is, the more clearly the traditional and innovative, the universal in its heritage are captured. Direct exponents of their time, its spirit, and aspirations were Pushkin, Lermontov, Turgenev. The connections with time and the ideological quests of Gogol, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy look more complex.
Chekhov was not a darling of success. The stories and skits that he published in humorous magazines in the first years of his writing were not immediately noticed by readers and critics. This took time. But it soon became clear that Chekhov’s stories, seemingly carefree and innocent each individually, taken together, add up to a picture of life that causes bewilderment with its incongruity, rudeness, vulgarity and boredom. Small but very capacious stories by A.P. Chekhov is not always easy to understand unless you remember that one of the characteristic features Chekhov's artistic style is the presence of subtext, an “undercurrent,” if you do not remember the life position of the writer, who was strict, first of all, with himself. Everyone knows his statement: “Everything in a person should be beautiful: his face, his clothes, his soul, his thoughts.” Less well known is another: “You must be mentally clear, morally pure and physically tidy.” And it is this, in the words of M. Gorky, “an ardent desire to see people simple, beautiful and harmonious” that explains Chekhov’s irreconcilability to all kinds of squalor, vulgarity, moral and mental limitations. Naturally, Chekhov wanted to see people cleansed of any malice, hatred and envy; he wanted to see them as kind, sympathetic, honest people. But, unfortunately, there is a lot that is imperfect in the world: almost all of humanity is dependent on material well-being, and because of this, people have a lot of evil, envy, and hatred of their neighbors. But we must believe that someday, when money means very little to a person and a person corrects all his mistakes and shortcomings, the earth will look bright, clean and kind.
Although what’s wrong, it seems, is that a person wants to earn money more money, like Doctor Startsev, who followed a path that led him to moral death. What’s special if he wanted to simultaneously serve in the zemstvo and have a large practice in the city? But, reading the story “Ionych,” we understand how money can gradually and imperceptibly displace it in a person. living soul, and the desire to live calmly and hassle-free will make him physically and morally inferior.
Dmitry Ionych Startsev, the hero of the story “Ionych,” was appointed as a doctor at the zemstvo hospital in Dyalizh near the provincial town of S. He is a young man with ideals and a desire for something high. Let's think about what youth is? This is probably the time for moral and spiritual discoveries; it's time to acquire love, friendship, knowledge... At the time of youth, a person thinks keenly about his future life, sets goals and objectives for himself. What does Startsev gain in the end?
Which paths does it take? What does it come to? In S. he meets the Turkins family, “the most educated and talented” in the city. Ivan Petrovich Turkin played in amateur performances, hosted receptions, and made jokes. Vera Iosifovna wrote novels and stories for herself and read them to guests. Their daughter Ekaterina Ivanovna, a young pretty girl whose family name is Kotik, played the piano. When Dmitry Ionych Startsev visited the Turkins for the first time, he was fascinated.
Startsev was in a wonderful mood after the evening and, “having walked nine miles, did not feel the slightest fatigue.” He fell in love with Ekaterina Ivanovna. During his life in Dyalizh, this feeling turned out to be “the only joy and... the last.” For the sake of his love, he is ready, it would seem, to do a lot. But when Kotik refused him, imagining herself to be a brilliant pianist, and left the city, he suffered for only three days. And then everything went as before. Remembering his courtship and lofty reasoning (“Oh, how little those who have never loved know!”), he only lazily says: “How much trouble, however!” Physical obesity comes to Startsev unnoticed. He stops walking, suffers from shortness of breath, and likes to snack. Moral obesity is also creeping up. Previously, he favorably differed from the inhabitants of the city with the ardent movements of his soul and ardor of feelings. For a long time they irritated him “with their conversations, their views on life and even their appearance.” He knew from experience that you can play cards with ordinary people, have a snack and talk only about the most ordinary things. And if you start talking, for example, “about politics or science,” then the average person becomes confused or “gets into such a philosophy, stupid and evil, that all that remains is to wave your hand and walk away.” But gradually Startsev got used to such a life and got involved in it. And if he didn’t want to talk, he kept silent more, for which he received the nickname “the inflated Pole.” But at the end of the story we see Startsev’s favorite pastimes: “...played screw every evening, for three hours, with pleasure.”
“He had another pastime, which he got involved in imperceptibly, little by little, this was in the evenings taking out of his pockets pieces of paper obtained by practice, and, it happened, pieces of paper - yellow and green, which smelled of perfume, and vinegar, and incense , and blubber - seventy rubles worth of rubles were stuffed into all his pockets...” I think this laconic scene gives an idea of Startsev’s expanded private practice, and of his indifference to where exactly the money is flowing into his pockets, and of his inattention Ionych as a doctor, the haste with which he visits his patients. Sometimes it seems that Ionych does not notice either the movement of time or the changes that have taken place in him. By inertia, he lives by his old ideas about himself, when he was still young, selflessly engaged in useful work, open to human feelings, to the perception of eternal poetic values. For Ionych, all impressions of life fade. He is immune to either the beauty of nature or the suffering of people: when buying a house, he walks without ceremony through all the rooms, “not paying attention to the undressed women and children who look at him with amazement and fear...”. But, perhaps, nothing speaks more clearly about the degradation of his personality than his alienation from people, his forgetting of one of the pages of his biography, the brightest page, the vulgarization of the pure and beautiful feeling of love. He has become too lazy spiritually and morally to be responsible for anyone. What if you think about it?! By the way, if Ekaterina Ivanovna had not been so absorbed in her time with dreams of fame, success, and the desire for “brilliant goals,” then perhaps her life and the life of Doctor Startsev would have turned out completely differently.
Startsev himself knows that he is “getting old, getting fat, declining,” but he has neither the desire nor the will to fight the philistine. The doctor's name is now simply Ionych. The journey of life is completed. Why did Dmitry Startsev from a hot young man become an obese, greedy and loud Ionych? After all, we know that he had internal possibilities for a life worthy of a person, but the philistine mire sucked him in, made him ordinary, and best properties his souls died.
Chekhov, like a doctor writing a medical history, shows the process of gradual death of the soul. At the same time, as always with Chekhov, the moral death of an intelligent and educated person is not only to blame for the circumstances, conditions of provincial life, philistinism, but also for himself: he did not have enough vitality and stamina to withstand the influence of time and environment.
This story expresses a disturbing thought about the most terrible loss for a person - the loss of a living spiritual origin, about the irreparable waste of time, the most valuable asset human life, about a person’s personal responsibility to himself and to society. A thought that is relevant for all times...
M. Gorky wrote: “Reading the stories of Anton Chekhov, you feel like you are on a sad day in late autumn, when the air is so transparent and bare trees, dark houses, gray people are sharply outlined in it. Everything is so strange - lonely, motionless and powerless. The deep blue distances are deserted and, merging with the pale sky, breathe a dreary coldness onto the ground covered with frozen mud. The author’s mind, like the autumn sun, illuminates with cruel clarity the beaten roads, crooked streets, cramped and dirty houses, in which small, pathetic people are suffocating from boredom and laziness, filling their houses with thoughtless, half-asleep bustle.” And this is what makes the reader think and reject boredom and laziness, the meaninglessness and emptiness of life.
Describe the 4 stages of Dr. Startsev’s degradation! and got the best answer
Answer from May[guru]
Let's look at the evolution of the character of the main character of the story "Ionych", Dmitry Ionych Startsev. We can distinguish four stages in the life path of Doctor Startsev, in revealing the content of which Chekhov succinctly demonstrates the gradual impoverishment of the hero’s spirit, the weakening of his will, the strength of resistance, the loss of activity, and a living human reaction.
At the first stage, Dmitry Startsev is a young man who has just been appointed a zemstvo doctor and settled in Dyalizh, not far from the provincial town of S. He is a young man with ideals and a desire for something high. He is full of strength and energy (“... Having walked nine miles and then went to bed, he did not feel the slightest fatigue”), he is so passionate about work that even on holidays he does not have free time. He is interested in literature and art, he feels like a stranger among ordinary people. Doctor Startsev meets the Turkin family, “the most educated and talented” in the city. The way of their home suggests that even the life of the Turkin family is surprisingly monotonous (the same jokes, entertainment, activities), ordinary, typical.
And this is the best family in the city. And if the best people are such, then what are the others? Here Chekhov accurately notices the phenomenon of philistinism using the example of one family. This is the life the young doctor Startsev plunges into. He tries to fight her, is in love with Kitty, is full of hope, etc.
But at the second stage, Dmitry Ionych, having made an unsuccessful proposal to Kotik and received a refusal, no longer tries to resist the circumstances, he understands what a quagmire he is plunging into, but does not try to do anything; Thus, Startsev hides in a “case” and fences himself off from the whole world.
He stops walking, suffers from shortness of breath, and likes to snack. Rides a pair of horses. He does not yet have close friends; ordinary people irritate him with their views on life less and less. The doctor’s main entertainment, which “he got involved in unnoticed, little by little,” was in the evenings taking white and green pieces of paper obtained from practice from his pockets.
Already at the third stage, Startsev moves away from the zemstvo hospital, his attention is absorbed by a large private practice. Now he is getting even fatter, suffering from shortness of breath even more: “He no longer rode out on a pair of horses, but on a troika with bells.”
Finally, at the fourth stage, Dmitry Startsev’s life is completely devastated and impoverished, he is infected with hoarding, he has an estate and two houses in the city, but he does not stop there, he recalls with pleasure the pieces of paper that he took out of his pockets in the evenings and sorted through them with reverence . Startsev worked all his life, but activity devoid of purpose turns out to be disastrous. And we see how, as a result of the loss of meaning and purpose in life, personality is destroyed. Gradually, Doctor Startsev turned into Ionych. The journey of life is now complete...
We can conclude that Startsev, understanding everything perfectly, did not try to change anything. Chekhov himself blames him for this.
Showing the evolution of Startsev from a young doctor, living and emotional person, to the obese, plump Ionych, who, in his troika with bells, seems not like a person, but " pagan god", A.P. Chekhov thus exposes both the environment that had a pernicious effect on the main character of the story, and himself.
Using the example of Doctor Startsev, the story shows the interaction of a weak and passive character with a spiritually impoverished society and the influence of this society on a person who is incapable of resistance and upholding positive principles in himself.
The ability to show the small in the big, the combination of humor with sarcasm are the main techniques through which Chekhov’s stories reveal vulgarity and philistinism that can ruin even smart, educated people...
In his works, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov appeals to readers not to succumb to the influence of the philistine environment, to resist circumstances, not to betray eternal ideals and love, to cherish the human in oneself.
"Ionych." A doctor from the provincial town of S. makes acquaintance with the Turkins family and falls in love with their daughter Ekaterina. However, the novel does not develop, and over time the characters are swallowed up by the quagmire of provincial life.
History of creation
Chekhov wrote the story “Ionych” in 1898, and at the same time the text was first published in issue nine of the literary supplement to the popular magazine “Niva”. Chekhov began writing the story after returning from France in the spring of 1898. The writer's notebooks have been preserved, where he outlines the plot. Initially, the author’s focus was on the Turkins family, who in the first edition bore a different surname.
The head of the family was supposed to be a witty official who plays on stage and sings, the hero’s wife was supposed to write liberal stories and, for the sake of jokes, flirt with others in front of her husband. Chekhov was going to focus on this family in order to debunk them and ultimately portray them as empty people, but in the final version, Doctor Startsev is also “under attack.”
In 1966, the Lenfilm studio released the black-and-white film “In the City of S.” - a film adaptation of the story “Ionych”, directed by Joseph Kheifits. The actor starred in the role of Dmitry Startsev. The director pretends to be sad life path Dr. Startsev, ending with complete degradation of personality, and the image of the provincial city of S. is filled with cemetery symbolism.
"Ionych"
The young doctor Startsev comes to the village of Dyalizh near the provincial town of S. and meets the Turkin family, famous in the city. The head of the family stages amateur performances, his wife writes stories and novels that she reads to friends, and her daughter Ekaterina plays the piano. Startsev comes to visit by invitation and spends the evening in the company of the Turkins. The characters have a soulful time - they drink tea, the hostess Vera reads her novel aloud, and Ekaterina plays music. Startsev likes the Turkins, and the hero leaves them in a good mood.
A few months later, the young doctor again finds himself in the Turkins’ house, where he was invited to the mistress of the house, who suffers from migraines. The hero becomes interested in Ekaterina Turkina and begins to visit often to spend time with the girl and talk. Soon it becomes difficult for the doctor to do without Catherine’s company for even a week.
One day, the girl decided to make a joke by making an appointment with Startsev at night at the cemetery. The doctor understands that this is nothing more than a joke, and yet he arrives at the cemetery at midnight, where he wanders for a long time among the graves alone. The next day, the doctor proposes to Ekaterina Turkina, but the girl does not want to get married. The heroine is about to leave the boring provincial town S. and become an artist. A few days later, Ekaterina actually leaves to enter the Moscow Conservatory, and the doctor stops worrying about her.
Doctor Startsev and Turkina Time passes, Startsev becomes richer and expands his practice. And a few years later he again ends up in the Turkins’ house, where he meets Ekaterina. She was unable to become a famous pianist, as she had planned, and returned to her parents’ house, where things are still the same. Everyone still drinks tea, mother writes novels. After this visit, Startsev no longer communicates with the Turkins. The hero drowns in boredom, greed and dissatisfaction with life and gradually degrades. In the Turkins’ house, too, everything remains the same, the heroes only grow old and do not develop at all.
Doctor Dmitry Ionovich Startsev began his career as a zemstvo doctor in the village of Dyalizh in the vicinity of the provincial town of S. The hero grew up among ordinary and poor people, in the family of a sexton - a minor church minister. By character, Dmitry Ionovich is a kind and intelligent person; Ekaterina Turkina calls the hero “the best of people.” In the eyes of the public, Dmitry Ionovich appears as an intelligent person who works hard at work. The hero is so busy at the hospital that he cannot find free time for personal matters.
At first, Dmitry Startsev has no money, and the hero lives quite poorly. The hero has to cover the nine miles that separate the village of Dyalizh from the city of S. on foot, because Dmitry Ionovich has no money for horses. The young doctor is interested not only in medicine, but also in literature and art. He can talk for hours about these subjects. Startsev also likes to talk about his work at the hospital, being passionate about what he does.
Due to his youth, Doctor Startsev “fiercely” falls in love with Ekaterina Turkina, who refuses to become the hero’s wife, despite the common interests and tenderness that Startsev shows towards her. Meanwhile, the doctor’s career is slowly going up, and within a year Startsev can afford to acquire a couple of horses and hire a coachman.
Four years after the hero broke off relations with Catherine, the reader sees a different picture. Startsev has gained weight and developed shortness of breath, has stopped loving to walk and rides around the city on three horses. The hero's time is occupied mostly by work. Startsev has extensive practice. In the morning, the hero hurriedly sees patients in the village, then takes a troika and goes to the city, where patients are also waiting for him. The hero returns home late at night.
Illustration for Chekhov's work "Ionych" Startsev has no friends. Due to his duty, the hero has to see a lot of people and visit different houses, but patients and other ordinary people cause Startsev nothing but dull irritation. Their views on life appearance and conversations are unpleasant for the hero, so Startsev does not get close to anyone. The hero's life is dull and monotonous; Startsev lacks impressions. By own feeling, the hero only “gets old” and “declines.” For Startsev, work turns into a means of profit, and he sees nothing good in such a life.
Four years later, when Startsev meets Ekaterina again, he has no tender feelings left for the woman, and the doctor is only glad that he did not marry before. Catherine herself regrets that she refused Startsev then, and wants to get closer again, but the hero no longer wants any close relationships. Ekaterina seems too pale to Startsev; the heroine’s facial expression, smile, voice, and even her dress and chair now cause Startsev to be rejected. As a result, the doctor stops visiting the Turkins altogether.
A few more years pass, and Doctor Startsev turns into an unpleasant type, whom those around him call only “Ionych”. The doctor grew even fatter, became unhealthy red in the face, began to breathe heavily and can now walk only by throwing his head back. The hero became so rich that he bought himself an estate and two houses in the city, and is planning to buy a third. There is even more work, and Startsev “has no time to breathe.”
The hero has a kind of “entertainment” - in the evenings he takes out from all his pockets the money received from patients during the day and lovingly counts it. When there is enough large sum, the hero deposits money into an account at the Mutual Credit Society.
Startsev’s character deteriorates completely, and life is completely meaningless and monotonous. The doctor is easily irritated by patients, gets angry and raises his voice at patients, impatiently knocks on the floor with a stick. The hero lives alone, he has no interests left. Life is boring for Startsev. In the evenings, the hero goes to a club, where he plays vint, and then has dinner alone at a large table. Youthful love for Ekaterina Turkina turns out to be the only bright episode in the hero’s life.
The further biography of the hero is unknown.
Quotes
“As long as you play cards with an ordinary person or have a snack with him, then he is a peaceful, good-natured and even intelligent person, but as soon as you start talking to him about something inedible, for example, about politics or science, he becomes confused or gets into such a philosophy , stupid and angry, that all you can do is wave your hand and walk away.”
“It is not the one who does not know how to write stories who is mediocre, but the one who writes them and does not know how to hide it.”
“If the most talented people in the whole city are so untalented, then what kind of city must it be.”
Amazing thing - a classic! Re-reading the works of masters of words at a new stage of your life, you never cease to be amazed at what is rediscovered in the process of reading. An example would be Chekhov's stories. They make it possible to evaluate the present time, the criteria that determine life interests, actions, when material values take precedence over spirituality, when for the sake of profit a person does not even spare himself. The story “Ionych” is especially interesting in this regard. It was written in the 90s of the 19th century. In this decade, motifs of movement and change are increasingly heard in Chekhov’s work.
Chekhov's heroes are tested by their involvement in life, by their ability to hear time, to understand the issues of time, and are determined by the quality of their dreams and the ways of realizing them. But these are all problems of our time. Therefore, approaches to studying the story “Ionych” and understanding the essence of the main character may be different. If we evaluate each work of art from the position of the unity of content and form, then, speaking about content, we can set the following goal: to trace how a person, climbing the steps up the ladder of material well-being, slides even faster down to moral devastation; trace how his attitude towards people changes; see pictures of the fall of man, so as not to repeat his mistakes.
Events are presented in chronological sequence, they are separated by insignificant periods of time, but during these short periods of time they occur big changes in the life and appearance of the hero. The plot develops all the faster because the background (the city of S. and the Turkin family), on which the action unfolds, remains completely motionless from beginning to end. Time passes, but life in the Turkins’ house stands as if enchanted, as if time is passing them by.
Already in the first chapter, the author’s remark about the main character is alarming, that he succumbs to the general hobby, appreciating the skill of Kotik. It seems that nothing yet portends a collapse, but this word involuntarily attracts attention, like the author’s other remarks: he did not yet have his own horses; “When I had not yet drunk tears from the cup of existence...” (lines from the romance). There will be horses, and a troika with bells, and a coachman in a velvet vest, and there will be tears. But that comes later. In the meantime, he is young, healthy, he has an interesting job, a noble goal - to help the sufferers, to serve the people. He is full of hope, expectation of happiness, and does not feel tired. This is what is called the scent of youth. Although the epigraph for the entire narrative is best suited to be the words of Ionych himself: “How are we doing here? No way. We get old, we get fatter, we get worse.”
The hero will say them a little later, when he has not yet lost the ability to give an honest assessment of his actions. In Chekhov's stories there are often interesting characteristics of life: sleepy, scanty, wingless, colorless. It seems that they all accurately express the process that took place with the young doctor. If in the first chapter, which can be called an exposition, only a hint is given, then in the second he is already a victim, although death is still far away. The scene of the failed date in the cemetery makes it clear that the illusion is over. “I’m tired,” he says, and the reader becomes sad, offended and sorry for Startsev, who just recently returned home smiling. We don’t want to forgive him either his prudence or his solidity, and it becomes a shame that he has lost his former freshness and spontaneity.
Chapter 3 is a new and turning point in the doctor’s life: the beginning of the decline of his youth and emerging commercialism, when he thinks not about his beloved, but about the dowry, when he betrays his youthful dream and the idea inherent in his profession (“Besides, if you marry her< … >then her relatives will force you to quit your zemstvo service and live in the city... Well, then? In the city, so in the city"). The author also draws attention to how Startsev was dressed (“Dressed in someone else’s tailcoat and a stiff white tie, which somehow kept puffing up and wanted to slide off his collar, he was sitting in a club at midnight...”), The author does not spare Startsev, because that he no longer loves his hero, who has entered a new phase of his life. His words about love, spoken to Kotik, did not at all agree with the thoughts about the dowry that were spinning in his head when he paid a visit to the Turkins to propose.
Startsev suffered after Kotik’s refusal for only three days: “His heart stopped beating restlessly and, apparently, forever.” The next four years (four in total!) brought Startsev a lot of practice, three horses with bells. He does not walk among people, but rides past them. In Panteleimon, as in a mirror, Startsev is vaguely reflected: the more (Panteleimon) grew in width, the sadder he sighed - wasn’t the same thing happening with Startsev?
Only Startsev was silent, did not sigh or complain - there was no one to complain to, and there was even no one to simply talk to. When visiting, “Startsev avoided conversation, but only had a snack and played vint, and when he found a family holiday in some house and he was invited to eat, he sat down and ate in silence, looking at his plate; and everything that was said at that time was uninteresting, unfair, stupid. He felt irritated and worried, but remained silent.”
What are his new entertainments, if he avoided the theater and concerts? The most powerful pastime, besides cards, was one that he got involved in unnoticed: in the evenings he took out pieces of paper from his pockets, obtained through practice. Seven lines - and what a picture of the moral decline of man! And what is the smell of money! There is grief, and suffering, and tears, and anxiety, and hope, and death. He saves money, not experiences in life. He does not read the pages of human destinies in them, he counts them. This is complete alienation from people. And it's scary. What is still left of the old Startsev?
Of course, it is his intelligence that sets him apart from the common people; convictions remained, but he buried them in the depths of his soul; hard work remained, but it was now stimulated not by noble aspirations, but by the interests of profit, which he himself speaks of as follows: “Profit in the day, club in the evening.” The treatment of rural patients became secondary; here he received them in a hurry, and most importantly - urban patients who paid in cash. There was energy left, but it turned into vanity in pursuit of profit (he left every morning and returned home late at night). The ability to enjoy remains. But with what? In his youth - by nature, conversations with Kitty, love for her, later - by comforts, and now by vices: playing cards and acquisitiveness.
Does Startsev understand what is happening to him? Does he give an account of his actions? Perhaps yes. When Kotik, returning from Moscow, began to say that she was a failure, that she lived in illusions, and he had a real job, a noble goal in life, that she remembered how he loved to talk about his hospital, that it was happiness to be a zemstvo doctor, to help to the sufferers, to serve the people, he remembered the pieces of paper that he took out of his pockets with such pleasure in the evenings, and the light in his soul went out. Now definitely forever.
In the last chapter, the author shows us how much Startsev has changed not only externally, but also internally. He has lost all respect for people, he is unceremonious when he walks around a house scheduled for auction, when he shouts at patients and hits the floor with a stick. Tenth-graders understand well why he bought two houses and is looking at a third.
But not everyone can answer the question of whether the work of a doctor and commerce in the form shown through Ionych are compatible, since today’s children do not see the disadvantages in such a union. And Chekhov, back in the 90s of the 19th century, made us think about an active civic position, about a person’s responsibility for his work, profession, place in life and society. Gorky understood this well and wrote to Chekhov: “You are doing a great job with your little stories - arousing in people disgust for this sleepy, half-dead life...” The story “Ionych” is relevant in all respects. The work of a doctor and profit are incompatible concepts.
This should be so, although our life today provides many counter-examples. Hence the indifference that reaches the point of callousness, callousness to the point of cruelty, rudeness to the point of rudeness. In the era of current changes, you can see everything, and the teacher’s task is to ensure that students understand and appreciate not only the hero, not only his principles, but also relate them to what is encountered in life more and more often.
But when understanding the story “Ionych”, you can think about another aspect related to its artistic originality, basing the conversation on the study of time. The category of time can even be singled out as the main one. If the student understands the movement of time, then he will also understand everything that happens to Startsev.
So, the time used in the story is 10 years. On the surface one can clearly see a seemingly progressive movement: young hero - maturity - old age. And deep down there is a reverse movement: from living reactions to mortification, the loss of normal human feelings.
And the title foreshadows the ending. The story is narrated in chapter V, the last, in the present tense, and in chapters
I-IV - in the past. This compositional structure is also interesting, since it is in Chapter V that the temporal center of the narrative is located. Here the author's attitude towards the hero is most clearly expressed. In chapters I-IV there is an excursion into the past, where the situation of life and
Doctor Startsev’s internal resources, which led him to Ionych.
Words are constantly repeated in the story: more, already, before, now, situations, actions, movements and thoughts are repeated. For example, time leaves its mark on the appearance of Vera Iosifovna; Ivan Petrovich does not change at all, he is frozen both physically and spiritually. Kotik's relationship with time turned out to be more complex: both her appearance and her inner world are changing, and a reassessment of values has occurred. She was able to understand her ordinariness, but her attitude towards Startsev was the same: what was desired was taken as reality.
Why is it most tested by time? main character? Startsev does not stand the test of time, does not
withstands tests of resistance to the case environment, although he believes that he is not like the ordinary people (chapter IV: “Startsev visited different houses and met many people, but did not get close to anyone. The ordinary people were annoying with their conversations, views on life, and even their appearance him." And at the end of Chapter IV - about the Turkins family: "All this irritated Startsev. Sitting in the carriage and looking at the dark house and garden, which were so dear and dear to him once, he remembered everything at once - and Vera’s novels. Iosifovna, and the noisy play of Kotik, and the wit of Ivan Petrovich, and the tragic poses of Pava, and I thought that if the most talented people in the whole city are so mediocre, then what must the city be like).
Did he have the right to such an opinion in Chapter 1? Yes. In Chapter 1, the author’s attitude to what is happening coincides with Startsev’s attitude. He does not feel intoxicated in relation to the Turkins. He has his own ideals and dreams. But in Chapter IV, Startsev loses this right; he only distinguishes himself by inertia. He sees no change in himself. He freezes in time, just like Ivan Petrovich’s puns. It is during this period of life that Startsev undergoes a test of love. Of the entire stream of time allotted for Startsev’s life (10 years), the author singles out two days, pages from chapters 2-3, where he talks about the hero’s love.
It was on these two days that those qualities of nature manifested themselves that could have taken him out from among ordinary people, and those that could not resist (“I haven’t seen you for a whole week,< … >and if you only knew what suffering this is!< … >I haven't heard from you for so long."). I crave, I long for your voice.” “She delighted him with her freshness, the naive expression of her eyes and cheeks... she seemed very smart to him... With her he could talk about literature, about art, about anything...” And in the same chapter a little further: “... Is it becoming for him, a zemstvo doctor, an intelligent, respectable man, to sigh... to do stupid things...
Where will this novel lead? What will your comrades say when they find out? When a person starts asking such questions, it means that something in the relationship is not as it should be if it is love. And the ending of Chapter 2 is not surprising: “I’m tired... Oh, I shouldn’t get fat!” The chapter is not long, but how succinctly it is said about the changes in Doctor Startsev, about the emerging contradictions. In chapters 2-3, the author carefully examines the climactic moment associated with the hero’s love, because for Chekhov’s heroes it is love that often becomes a test of strength, of the title of personality. Love is a way out into the world, since in love a person becomes more attentive to life in general. So the lover Startsev begins to worry about philosophical questions and the state of his soul. He not only opens the world, but he himself is accessible to the world. But the light goes out.
5 / 5. 1
Composition: Chekhov A.P. - Ionych - "The EVOLUTION OF DOCTOR STARTSEV. (based on the story "Ionych")."
"THE EVOLUTION OF DOCTOR STARTSEV. (based on the story "Ionych")."
EVOLUTION
DOCTOR STARTSEV. (based on the story "Ionych").
Ionycha Chekhov showed how types were created,
similar to Belikov, their evolution.
Before us
four stages of a doctor's life story
Startsev A. In revealing the contents of these
Chekhov's four stages succinctly
demonstrates a gradual impoverishment of spirit
hero, weakening of his will, strength
resistance, loss of activity, alive
human reaction.
On the first
At this stage, Startsev is still full of strength and energy. Having taken
position of zemstvo doctor, he settled
near the hospital, nine miles from the city.
"Having walked nine miles and then gone to bed,
He didn't feel the slightest fatigue."
At the second stage, Startsev put the case on
his activities and limited them. On the third
stage Startsev departs from the zemstvo hospital,
his attention is absorbed by a large private
practice. "He no longer went out on a pair
horses, and the troika with bells."
fourth stage of Startsev’s life
completely devastated and impoverished, she
paralyzed by acquisitions, he has
there is an estate and two houses in the city, but he
still loves it. Hobby in youth
favorite thing, desire to bring
public benefit degenerates into
selfish concerns, interest in people - in
complete insensitivity.
"Showing
the evolution of Startsev from a young doctor-social worker,
a living and emotional person, to
obese, plump Ionych, who
his troika with bells doesn’t seem to
a man, but a pagan god", Chekhov
thus exposes the environment,
had a pernicious effect on Startsev
impact, and himself.
Startsev -
This is the image of a harmful and vulgar everyman,
inhibiting the development of intelligent life. "Vulgarity
I always found him cruel and strict
judge." (Gorky about Chekhov).
