Count Panin Nikita Ivanovich: biography, activities and interesting facts. Panin, Pyotr Ivanovich - Biography Kuznetsov Pyotr Ivanovich

01.03.2024 | Jurisprudence

PANIN PETER IVANOVICH

Panin (Count Pyotr Ivanovich, 1721 - 1789) - an outstanding military figure. Having entered service in 1736 as a soldier in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment, in the same year he was promoted to officer and sent to the army operating against the Crimean Tatars. With her he participated in the capture of Perekop and Bakhchisarai; then he served under the command of Field Marshal Lassi (XXII, 367), who acted against the Swedes, and by the beginning of the Seven Years' War he was already a major general. He especially distinguished himself in the battles of Gross-Jägerndorf (IX, 771) and Zorndorf, and in 1759 he was the main culprit of the victory at Kunersdorf (XVII, 26), for which he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. In 1760, he participated in the occupation of Berlin, ruled East Prussia with the rank of Governor-General of Königsberg, and commanded Russian land and naval forces in Pomerania and Holstein. Upon the accession of Catherine II to the throne (1762), P. was promoted to general-in-chief and appointed senator and member of the council; in 1767 he was elevated to the dignity of count. In 1769, he was entrusted with command of the 2nd Army, operating against the Turks. Having defeated the enemy near Bendery, he placed his troops in winter quarters between the Bug and the Sea of Azov, thereby preventing the Crimean Tatars from raiding the southern borders of Russia. In 1770, Bendery was conquered by him. During the siege of this fortress, he managed through negotiations to persuade the Budzhak, Belgorod and Edisan Tatars to recognize Russian power over themselves; then he helped speed up the surrender of the Akkerman fortress. For these exploits, P. was awarded the Order of St. George, 1st degree, but at the same time, the news of the victory was received by the empress rather dryly, since she was dissatisfied with the large losses and destruction of Bendery. Feeling offended, and also due to his worsening illness, Count P. retired that same year. Having settled in Moscow, P. began to sharply express his displeasure, which came to the attention of the Empress, who, considering him “the first enemy,” “a personal insult to herself,” and “an impudent talker,” ordered supervision over him. Pugachev's rebellion again called P. into the military field: thanks to the efforts of Potemkin and Nikita Ivanovich P., the empress, after the death of Bibikov, in 1774, entrusted P. with command over all the troops against Pugachev and over the provinces of Kazan, Orenburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Soon after P.'s appointment, Pugachev was caught and the riot was stopped. P. paid special attention to the organization of the devastated provinces, to the easing of the resulting famine and, in general, to the unrest in government - the inability and inactivity of the administration, extortion, etc. In 1775, P. received his dismissal. P. is presented by his contemporaries as a vain and power-hungry person. He was the first to introduce rangers called riflemen and light horse artillery into our army; he also wrote the “colonel’s instructions,” and during the siege, Bender successfully used a reinforced forge for the first time. Wed. Geisman and Dubovsky "Count P.I. Panin" (1897).

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

Early years

Nikita Panin was born in Danzig in 1718, on March 31, into a family of nobles, not particularly wealthy, but quite prosperous. They believed that their ancestors were Italians from the city of Lucca. Three years later he had a younger brother, Peter. The brothers carried their friendship throughout their lives. In the Pernov fortress, my father was the commandant. They grew up there and were educated at home. According to custom, from birth Count Panin was enrolled in the Guards regiment. At the age of 22 he had the rank of cornet and served at court.

Diplomatic activities

After the coup of 1741 there were continuous celebrations at the court. The cheerful Empress Elizaveta Petrovna turned her attention to the young and handsome guardsman, who had already received the rank of chamber cadet. According to one legend, he overslept his appointment with the august lady. After this offense he was sent to Copenhagen and then to Stockholm in 1747. Perhaps things were different. Here palace intrigues played a role, according to which the place of favorite should not belong to Panin, but to the younger and more handsome V. Shuvalov. One way or another, the courtier turns into a diplomat, his biography changes dramatically. Nikita Panin was “stuck” in the post of envoy in Stockholm and spent 12 long years there.

Then it was a small, boring, cold and damp city. Nikita Ivanovich did not waste any time. He read a lot, studied the Swedish monarchy, which was limited by parliament. His worldview has changed. Count Panin became a supporter of the constitutional monarchy, a cautious and intelligent diplomat and politician. As a thinker, he was captivated by the ideas of the Enlightenment, and he also came to the conclusion that Russia should fight with England for influence in the Baltic.

A new round in my career

His patron, Chancellor A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, fell into disgrace in 1758, and Nikita Ivanovich Panin resigned, but unexpectedly for everyone and himself in 1760 he received from Elizabeth I a high position - educator of Tsarevich Pavel Petrovich, who was seven years.

Panin: teacher and diplomat

Count Panin received a “key” position. He could influence the future Russian monarch. Many courtiers did not want to see a foreigner with an eccentric character, Peter III, on the throne. They preferred that the country be ruled by the young Paul I under their leadership. But it turned out differently; power was seized by Ekaterina Alekseevna with the help of the Orlov brothers.

Count Panin fully supported the ambitions of the new ruler and ensured a quiet life for himself and his pupil. At the same time, he served as a diplomat, receiving the post of Privy Councilor and Senator, at the court of the young Empress Catherine II, who was still inexperienced in foreign policy affairs. Together with her, he became the creator of the union of the Baltic states under the leadership of Prussia and Russia.

N. Panin - teacher

And what about young Pavel? No, he is not forgotten by Nikita Ivanovich. They are sincerely attached to each other. Panin, in a playful, unobtrusive manner, tried to instill in his pupil the ideas of a constitutional monarchy. Benevolent, always having a heap of jokes and instructive stories in stock, the wise Nikita Ivanovich did not torment the Tsarevich with instructions and gave him a lot of freedom.

In fact, he replaced his parents. The growing young man was attentive to Nikita Ivanovich’s ideas, which the empress did not like. As soon as Pavel turned 17, Panin was removed from office. Both, the teacher and his pupil, deeply experienced the disgrace, which was beautifully arranged. He was given four thousand souls of peasants, one hundred thousand rubles, a silver service that cost five thousand rubles, a house in St. Petersburg, provisions and wine for a year, a livery for servants, carriages, an annual increase in salary, which amounted to five thousand rubles to already available fourteen. However, Panin until the end of his life retained influence on Pavel Petrovich, who used his advice.

Reason for disgrace

In 1762, Nikita Ivanovich drew up a project according to which the unlimited monarchy was limited to strict limits, and the Senate was divided into departments. The Empress really did not like the first part and remembered it for a long time, but she took the second into action.

Experienced Diplomat

At the same time, Panin turned out to be indispensable in matters of foreign policy. For almost twenty years, together with the Empress, he led. In 1763, he became a senior member of the College. A gentle and kind man, he conducted conversations so skillfully that no one ever heard his refusals, and, listening to his smoothly murmuring speech, foreign diplomats forgot about their main goal.

Advocating rapprochement with Prussia under the dominant position of Russia, he and Catherine II created an alliance of northern states that opposed England (“Northern Accord”). He opposed the division of Poland and the strengthening of France.

In 1765, an agreement was concluded with Copenhagen, in 1766 - an agreement with England on trade. In 1768-74, after the Russian-Turkish wars, the direction of Catherine II's policy changed, and Panin was no longer necessary for the empress. In 1769, Count Panin participated in a conspiracy that was preparing to overthrow the Empress and enthronement Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, who swore to comply with constitutional conditions by limiting the monarchy. The plot was discovered, but Panin was gently removed from the court and the Grand Duke. In 1780, during the liberation of America from English colonization, he drafted the Declaration of Neutrality for the country. In 1781 he completely retired.

The first Russian constitution

It consisted of two parts.

The first, introductory, explained why the country needs a government that obeys the laws. How relevant this was developed for all times by Nikita Ivanovich Panin. History of modern Russia - clear evidence of the correctness of the views of the 18th century politician. Power is entrusted to the ruler so that he acts for the benefit of his subjects; the people must choose the ruler. This is the basis of power - its election. He considered private property to be the political basis. And what lay at its source? Panin did not talk about this, but the conclusion suggests itself: ownership by serfs. If serfdom is destroyed and given free rein, what will happen? We have known the answer to this question since 1862, but it was not clear then.

Further, Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin did not have time to develop a clear concept. He sketched only the headlines, from which it was clear that the ruler of the country must be Orthodox, but all other religions are not oppressed. The succession to the throne should be streamlined, which Pavel Petrovich subsequently did. The rights of the estates were not specified, but were indicated in the headings. Courts should act only publicly. Taxes are introduced only after discussions in the government. After his death, he bequeathed this constitution to his heir, his beloved pupil, but he did not receive it. Panin's brother, Pyotr Ivanovich, seeing the changes in Pavel's character, did not give him the document. Only fragments recorded by his secretary D.I. Fonvizin have survived to this day.

When N.I. Panin died in 1763 at the age of 65, Pavel Petrovich sat at his bedside and held his hand. Having come to power, he erected a monument to his teacher in the Church of St. Magdalene in Pavlovsk.

Personal qualities of Count Panin and interesting facts from his life

Kind and gentle by nature, he was a great sybarite. He didn’t get out of bed before noon, was never in a hurry, was very lazy and, despite everything, never took bribes. He was not greedy; Nikita Ivanovich divided the serfs given to him among his secretaries, including D. I. Fonvizin, the future playwright, who received his share.

N.I. Panin, a lover of good food, had the best chefs in the city. At the same time, he could take on the preparation of the dish himself: boil oysters in beer and burn his cuff in the process. Or he might not be healthy in the morning, having had too much watermelon in the evening. He was not married, but he courted the fair half of humanity with pleasure. In addition, he was a Freemason.

For us, his descendants, Count Panin remains in memory as an outstanding diplomat who brought considerable benefit to Russia and strengthened its position among Western states.

At the beginning of this book, we already talked about the genealogy of the Counts Panin, about their distant ancestors, about the outstanding diplomat of Catherine's time, Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin and his brother Pyotr Ivanovich, a talented general of the Russian army, the winner of Pugachev and, finally, that this illustrious family through General P.I. Panin became related to our Weidel Baroness Maria Rodionovna von Wedel.

So it belonged Countess Anna Rodionovna Chernysheva. She died on July 9, 1830. She had no children, and her sister Maria Rodionovna Panina, the Shakhovskys, and Bulgari presented their rights to the Weidel estate.

Everyone wanted to grab their piece of the tasty pie. The legal battle lasted for more than two years. And finally the court decided: Veidelevka with its 40 thousand acres of land passes into the hands of the son of Count Nikita Petrovich Panin (1771-1837), Colonel Alexander Nikitich.

And some part went to his younger brother Viktor Nikitich Panin (1801 - 1874). All the years while the Panins were suing other claimants to the estate, residents eagerly awaited the outcome of the litigation.

The fact is that in 1804, the inhabitants of the settlement of Nikolaevka, serfs of the former estate of Prince Trubetskoy, and by the time described of the landowner Petrov-Solovo, managed to agree with him on a ransom from serf bondage. They scraped the bottom of the barrel, over several years they managed to pay the required ransom amount and became “free cultivators.”

Inspired by this example, the residents began to negotiate their ransom with Prince Golitsyn. The Weidelites also had this desire. They even sent their elders to negotiate with Countess Anna Rodionovna. The elderly countess visited Belgorod for the last time in 1825 and lived for some time in the local convent.

They seemed to talk amicably; the countess, in principle, agreed to the ransom. Then she left for the Smolensk province. And, as it turned out, forever. The dream of the Weidel serfs collapsed.

After the trial, a new estate manager appeared in Veidelevka and announced to the peasants that their master was now Count Panin. Oh, how the Veidelevites did not want to part with their dream of freedom.

And, hoping for God knows what, they, instigated by a fellow villager named Kuzmenko, categorically refused to serve the new master. They rebelled. First the headman begged them not to be naughty, then the manager.

Did not help! Then the leader of the nobility of the Valuy district reported what had happened to the governor. The answer was quick and harsh. The dragoons stationed in the city of Valuiki were ordered to gallop to Veidelevka and establish strict order there, and for this, arrest the leader Kuzmenko and other screamers and...

But a truly “Solomon-like decision” was made: not to figure out who rebelled or was more indignant, but to flog all the grown men at once, both right and wrong. And so they did. Wide benches from the volost administration were brought into the market square.

The men were put in a line and by the evening they were all flogged. Kuzmenko was not found. The Weidelites remembered this lesson for a long time. From generation to generation they retold how they were flogged. And until the revolution of 1917, no one in the settlement rebelled.

Second wife of the Ansher General Peter Ivanovich Panin was a maid of honor, a baroness Maria Rodionovna von Wedel(1746-1775). She was born in the Akhtyrsky district of the Kharkov province. She spent her childhood in the Veydelevka settlement under the supervision of her devout mother Anastasia Bogdanovna (ur. Passek).

Once, on the way from Veidelevka to Akhtyrka, Baroness Anastasia Bogdanovna saw the Mother of God in a dream, who predicted her death. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote about this vision in his short story in 1831. The prediction came true.

Upon arrival in Akhtyrka, the baroness died (1756). General von Wedel also died soon after. Both of them are buried in the city of Akhtyrka in the Church of the Akhtyrka Mother of God. Maria Rodionovna often visited the family estate of her grandfather B.I. Passek Dugino, where she loved to hunt.

She was a hot-tempered, proud and stubborn woman. As her relatives, the princes Kurakins, recalled, she was “capricious and unbearably arrogant,” and “she was not created like that.” At the same time, she was a very pretty woman.

A bust of her by the sculptor Shubin has been preserved, which is possibly kept in the Russian Museum. Upon accession to the throne after the coup d'etat, Maria and her sister Anna were granted maids of honor (according to other sources, this grant was from Empress Elizabeth Petrovna).

General Petr Ivanovich Panin loved Maria very much. From their marriage five children were born, of whom two survived: son Nikita, who continued the family, and daughter Maria (1772-1833), who married senator I.V. Tutolmin.

Countess Maria Rodionovna died during childbirth in Akhtyrka. She was 30 years old. She, like her mother, had a presentiment of death, which she wrote about in her last letter. She was buried with her parents in the same church.

You can tell a lot about Maria Rodionovna’s son. But since he was only indirectly related to the estate and had never been there, we will limit ourselves to a brief biography.

Nikita Petrovich Panin(1771-1837) was brought up at court. I knew Tsarevich Pavel from childhood. At the age of 29 he became vice-chancellor. He was a supporter of a constitutional monarchy. But when a conspiracy arose against Emperor Paul I, he did not stand aside. By that time, the emperor had already dismissed him. The conspiracy was a success, Paul I was strangled.

Count Panin Alexander I returned to service. But then the Dowager Empress, having learned about the unseemly role of Nikita Panin, demanded that her son Alexander remove him from the court and send him into retirement. And Nikita Panin spent almost his entire future life in his village of Dugino, Smolensk province, where he died.

The first owner of the Veidelevka estate was Count Alexander Nikitich Panin(1791-1850), eldest son of Nikita Petrovich and his wife Sofia Vladimirovna (ur. Orlova), cousin of Major General Mikhail Fedorovich Orlov (1788-1842), member of the secret organization "Union of Welfare" and the literary society "Arzamas", friend A. S. Pushkin.

Alexander Panin was born in Moscow. He received his primary education under the supervision of his father, who had enough time for this, since he, being in disgrace, lived in the village. Then he graduated from the St. Petersburg boarding school and served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, he entered the Moscow militia as an ensign. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Borodino and was promoted to lieutenant.

With the beginning of the liberation of Russian territory captured by the French, Lieutenant Panin distinguished himself during the capture of the city of Maloyaroslavets. Awarded the Order of St. Anne, III degree.

Transferred to the Pskov Cuirassier Regiment in 1813, Panin took part in a number of battles during the liberation campaign of the Russian army in Europe. In the Leipzig “Battle of the Nations” he was shell-shocked and awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, IV degree.

After the end of the war with Napoleon, Panin continued to serve in the army. He was transferred to the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment, but then sent to the Glukhovsky Cuirassier Regiment for a duel. In 1825 he retired with the rank of colonel.

He lived in the village for several years. Emperor Nicholas I appointed Alexander Panin as an official on special assignments under the trustee of the Moscow educational district, Prince. Golitsyn. He was in charge of the university printing house and the Noble boarding house.

During his service in the regiment, the concepts of discipline and order were “ingrained” into the blood of the official Panin. He wanted to instill them in students as well. Why they didn’t love him so much. His role in the survival of student Mikhail Lermontov from Moscow University was also unseemly.

In 1833, A.I. Panin was appointed assistant trustee of the Kharkov educational district. In 1838 he was promoted to full state councilor and appointed a member of the Main Directorate of Schools. Alexander Nikitich, together with his brother Victor, had about 11 thousand souls of serfs.

When they also received the Weidel estate, huge but extremely neglected, A. N. Panin was forced to retire and take up farming closely. He was elected a member of the Moscow Free Agricultural Society.

Panin attracted a lot of people who were well aware of agronomy and other branches of agriculture. In 1846-1847 he was editor of the Journal of Agriculture and Sheep Breeding. Panin had great knowledge in agronomy and botany and tried to apply it.

Some innovations began to be introduced in Veidelevka and the villages. Sheep farming began to develop. Count A.N. Panin visited the estate several times.

Panin was loved and respected for his kindness, delicacy, and meekness of character. His house on Nikitskaya was always full of guests. Alexander Nikitich was very tall. And this served as a reason for jokes. So, one day at the theater he sat in the stalls.

His huge figure blocked the stage for the spectators sitting behind him. There were shouts: “Sir, sit down.” Then the count stood up and said: “This is where I stand.”

Then he sat down again: “And this is me sitting.”

Pushkin knew the Panin brothers, who were distinguished by their enormous height. In a letter to P. A. Vyazemsky in March 1830, the poet ironically remembered Count Alexander Panin: “Bulgarin amazed me with his trick (we were talking about Bulgarin’s lampoon “Anecdote”, published in “Northern Bee”), you can’t be angry, you can love him and , I think it should, but slush, laziness and Goncharova will not let me leave Moscow, and there is no club 800 miles long in Russia, except gr. Panina."

Since April 1823, Alexander Nikitich was married to Alexandra Sergeevna (born Tolstoy 1800-1873), a close relative of the great Russian writer Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy. He had several children, of whom two daughters survived: Sofia (1825-1905), who married Prince G. A. Shcherbatov, and Maria (d. 1903), the wife of Prince N. P. Meshchersky.

Count Alexander Nikitovich Panin died in Moscow on February 15, 1850. He was buried in the Donskoy Monastery. The grave has been preserved.

Countess Sofya Vladimirovna Panina. Historical sketch. Editor S. V. Olochin. Photo by G. Konshin. Technical editor D. A. Kulikov. Proofreader N.V. Volodina. Publishing house "Peasant Business".

Military career

He began his military service in 1736 as a soldier in the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment, in the same year he was promoted to officer and sent to the army operating against the Crimean Tatars. With her he participated in the capture of Perekop and Bakhchisarai; then he served under the command of Field Marshal Lassi, who acted against the Swedes, and by the beginning of the Seven Years' War he was already a major general. He especially distinguished himself in the battles of Gross-Jägersdorf and Zorndorf, and in 1759 he was the main culprit of the victory at Kunersdorf, for which he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. In 1760, he participated, together with Chernyshev, Totleben and Lassi, in the occupation of Berlin (where he distinguished himself by defeating, together with the Cossacks, Krasnoshchekov and Turoverov, the rearguard of von Gulsen's corps), ruled East Prussia with the rank of Governor-General of Königsberg and commanded the Russian land and naval forces in Pomerania and Holstein.

In a portrait by Vishnyakov, 1742

Upon the accession of Catherine II to the throne (1762), P. I. Panin was promoted to general-in-chief and appointed senator and member of the council; in 1767 he was elevated to the dignity of count. In 1769, he was entrusted with command of the 2nd Army, operating against the Turks. Having defeated the enemy near Bendery, he placed his troops in winter quarters between the Bug and the Sea of Azov, thereby preventing the Crimean Tatars from raiding the southern borders of Russia. In 1770, Bendery was conquered by him. During the siege of this fortress, he managed through negotiations to persuade the Budzhak, Belgorod and Edisan Tatars to recognize Russian power over themselves; then he helped speed up the surrender of the Akkerman fortress.

For these exploits, Panin was awarded the Order of St. George I degree, but at the same time the news of the victory was received by the empress rather dryly, since she was dissatisfied with the large losses and destruction of Bendery. Feeling offended, and also due to his worsening illness, Count Panin retired that same year. Having settled in Moscow, Panin began to sharply express his displeasure, which came to the attention of the empress, who, considering him “the first enemy,” “a personal insult to herself,” and “an impudent talker,” ordered surveillance over him.

The Peasant War of 1773-1775 again called Panin into the military field: thanks to the efforts of Potemkin and Nikita Ivanovich Panin, the Empress, after the death of Bibikov, in 1774 entrusted Panin with command over all the troops against Pugachev and over the provinces of Kazan, Orenburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Soon after his appointment, Pugachev’s army was defeated, and he himself was captured. Panin paid special attention to the organization of the devastated provinces, to the easing of the emerging famine and, in general, to the unrest in government: the inability and inactivity of the administration, extortion, etc. In 1775, Panin was fired.

P. I. Panin is presented by his contemporaries as a vain and power-hungry person. He was the first to introduce rangers called riflemen and light horse artillery into our army; he also wrote the “colonel’s instructions,” and during the siege, Bender successfully used a reinforced forge for the first time.

Family

Panin, Petr Ivanovich

(Count, 1721-89) - an outstanding military figure. Having entered service in 1736 as a soldier in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment, in the same year he was promoted to officer and sent to the army operating against the Crimean Tatars. With her he participated in the capture of Perekop and Bakhchisarai; then he served under the command of Field Marshal Lassi (see), who acted against the Swedes, and by the beginning of the 7-year war he was already a major general. He especially distinguished himself in the battles of Gross-Jägerndorf (see) and Zorndorf, and in 1759 he was the main culprit of the victory at Kunersdorf (see), for which he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. In 1760 he took part in the occupation of Berlin and ruled the east. Prussia, with the rank of Governor-General of Königsberg, and commanded the Russian land and naval forces in Pomerania and Holstein. Upon the accession of Catherine II to the throne (1762), P. was promoted to general-in-chief and appointed senator and member of the council; in 1767 he was elevated to the dignity of count. In 1769, he was entrusted with command of the 2nd Army, operating against the Turks. Having defeated the enemy near Bendery, he placed his troops in winter quarters between the Bug and the Sea of Azov, thereby preventing the Crimean Tatars from raiding the southern borders of Russia. In 1770, Bendery was conquered by him. During the siege of this fortress, he managed through negotiations to persuade the Budzhak, Belgorod and Edisan Tatars to recognize Russian power over themselves; then he helped speed up the surrender of the Akkerman fortress. For these exploits P. was awarded the Order of St. George 1st degree, but at the same time the news of the victory was received by the empress rather dryly, since she was dissatisfied with the large losses and destruction of Bendery. Feeling offended, and also due to his worsening illness, Count P. retired that same year. Having settled in Moscow, P. began to sharply express his displeasure, which came to the attention of the empress, who, considering him “the first enemy,” “a personal insult to herself,” and “an impudent talker,” ordered supervision over him. Pugachev's rebellion again called P. into the military field: thanks to the efforts of Potemkin and Nikita Ivanovich, P., the empress, after the death of Bibikov, in 1774, entrusted P. with command over all the troops against Pugachev and over the provinces of Kazan, Orenburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Soon after P.'s appointment, Pugachev was caught and the riot was stopped. P. paid special attention to the organization of the devastated provinces, to the easing of the resulting famine and, in general, to the unrest in government - the inability and inactivity of the administration, extortion, etc. In 1775 P. received his dismissal. P. is presented by his contemporaries as a vain and power-hungry person. He was the first to introduce rangers, called riflemen, and light horse artillery into our army; he also wrote the “colonel’s instructions,” and during the siege, Bender successfully used a reinforced forge for the first time. Wed. Geisman and Dubovitsky, "Count P.I. Panin" (1897).

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From the book Soldier's Valor author Vaganov Ivan Maksimovich

POSPELOV PETER IVANOVICH A group of artillery reconnaissance spotters received the task of penetrating into enemy rear areas and finding guns there that were firing destructive fire at our troops. A search group led by Lieutenant Zolotarev filtered through

Korostelev Petr Ivanovich

author Apollonova A. M.

Korostelev Petr Ivanovich Born in 1920 in the city of Belevo, Tula region, into the family of a hereditary railway worker. Until 1940 he worked in railway transport. In 1940 he was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army. Participated in the Great Patriotic War against

Kuznetsov Petr Ivanovich

From the book Tula - Heroes of the Soviet Union author Apollonova A. M.

Kuznetsov Petr Ivanovich Born in 1925 in the village of Zelenye Luzhki, Suvorovsky district, Tula region. In 1941 he graduated from seven classes of Likhvinskaya (now Chekalinskaya) secondary school. He worked on a collective farm. In 1942 he was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army. Title of Hero of the Soviet Union

Panin Ivan Ivanovich

From the book Tula - Heroes of the Soviet Union author Apollonova A. M.

Panin Ivan Ivanovich Born in 1907 in the village of Nogaevo, Chernsky district, Tula region. In 1932 he was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army. Graduated from the Kachin Aviation School. Participated in the Great Patriotic War. He died in battles for his homeland on April 11, 1944. Title of Hero

BARTENEV Petr Ivanovich

From the book Silver Age. Portrait gallery of cultural heroes of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Volume 1. A-I author Fokin Pavel Evgenievich

BARTENEV Petr Ivanovich 1(13).10.1829 – 4.11.1912Historian, archaeographer, bibliographer; from 1863 until the end of his life - editor of the Russian Archive magazine. Publications in the magazines “Moskvityanin”, “Russian Conversation”, “Bibliographic Notes” and others. Books “Pushkin in Southern Russia. Materials for biography"

SHCHUKIN Petr Ivanovich

From the book Silver Age. Portrait gallery of cultural heroes of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Volume 3. S-Y author Fokin Pavel Evgenievich

SHCHUKIN Petr Ivanovich 1853, according to other sources 1857 - October 1912Collector. His collection served to create the Shchukin Museum (1892). “P. I. Shchukin secretly, silently, unnoticed by others, collected various objects in his mansion in the alleys of Presnya and Gorbaty Most

PUMPUR Petr Ivanovich

From the book Heroes Without Gold Stars. Cursed and forgotten author Konev Vladimir Nikolaevich

PUMPUR Petr Ivanovich (04/25/1900-03/23/1942) Lieutenant General of Aviation Born in the Platera volost of the Riga region (Latvia) in the family of a farm laborer. Latvian. He graduated from a parochial school and 2 classes of a vocational school. Labored. Then he worked as a mechanic's apprentice and as a driver's assistant. IN

Petr Ivanovich Shuvalov

From the book Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. Her enemies and favorites author Sorotokina Nina Matveevna

Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov The Encyclopedia writes about him - a significant statesman. Pyotr Ivanovich (1711–1762) was a very versatile person. If Bestuzhev’s responsibility was foreign affairs, then we can consider Shuvalov as prime minister, although he did not have such

PETER IVANOVICH BAGRATION

From the book 100 Great Heroes author Shishov Alexey Vasilievich

PETER IVANOVICH BAGRATION (1765-1812) Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. General of Infantry. Student and associate of A.V. Suvorov and M.I. Kutuzova. “Prince Peter,” as the great A.V. affectionately called Bagration. Suvorov-Rymniksky entered the history of the Russian army as extremely popular

Nikita Ivanovich Panin

From the book Catherine II without retouching author Biographies and memoirs Team of authors --

Nikita Ivanovich Panin D. G. Buckinghamshire about Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin: Mr. Panin, having passed his fifty years, looks rather unhealthy; It was he who, thanks to the fact that he had been in Sweden for some time, was best versed in the affairs of the north. That system

NIKITA IVANOVICH PANIN (1718–1783)

From the book 100 great diplomats author Mussky Igor Anatolievich

NIKITA IVANOVICH PANIN (1718–1783) Count, Russian statesman and diplomat. One of the closest associates of Catherine II, he headed the College of Foreign Affairs (1763–1781). Having put forward a project to create the so-called “Northern System”, he signed the St. Petersburg Union Treaty

Panin Nikita Ivanovich

From the book Encyclopedic Dictionary (P) author Brockhaus F.A.

Panin Nikita Ivanovich Panin (Nikita Ivanovich - famous diplomat, born September 18, 1718 in Danzig, spent his childhood in Pernov, where his father was commandant; in 1740, from the sergeants of the horse guards, he was promoted to cornet; according to some news, he was dangerous at Elizabeth's court