Lilichka's analysis briefly. Analysis of the poem “Lilychka!” Mayakovsky

Love theme in the work of the “agitator, loudmouth, rebel” Vladimir Mayakovsky is not as widely represented as the theme of revolution or the theme of a “bright future”. However, the poet himself asserted that “love is the heart of everything,” that “both poems and deeds unfold from it.” Unfortunately, Mayakovsky’s personal life did not work out, like, perhaps, any poet. After all, a happy person cannot “howl out the bitterness of offended complaints.” But the poet’s “huge love” still left a bright mark in the history of world poetry, and one of the most memorable poems can be considered “Lilichka!”, the analysis of which will be presented.

The poem has the subtitle “Instead of a Letter,” but it is difficult to call it a love letter, because it lacks the intimacy and confidentiality that usually sounds in this kind of poetry, such as Pushkin’s “K*” or “On the Hills of Georgia.” Rather, here you can hear a polemic with the romantic feelings that the lyrical hero of the 19th century experienced. A hero of the twentieth century can compare his feelings with a hurricane, fire, water - with an uncontrollable element that inevitably advances, and not everyone can resist it.

The entire poem “Lilychka!” built on taking the antithesis, which is very typical for Mayakovsky’s work. The poem, judging by the title, is dedicated to Lilya Brik, the wife of small industrialist Osip Brik. A stormy romance arose between them, and Mayakovsky dedicated all subsequent works only to Lila. Since the summer of 1918, the three of them have lived together, and Mayakovsky even dedicated the publication of the first volume of his works to her. But the relationship is not developing easily: Lilya Brik, flattered by the attention of the famous poet, plays on his feelings, causing jealousy, either bringing him closer or further away from her. At the same time, she allowed herself cynical statements like these: “It is useful for Volodya to suffer, he will suffer and write good poetry.”

Indeed, when reading “Lilichka” you experience more torment than joy. The very atmosphere in which the heroes find themselves resembles “a chapter in Kruchenykhov’s hell”, that is, the situation recreated by A. Kruchenykh, also a futurist poet. But it is here, in the room where “The tobacco smoke has eaten away the air”, her hero “hands, frantic, stroked”. The feeling of immediate happiness is emphasized by the use of chronotopes: "stroked"- past, now, present tense, - “you sit, your heart is in iron” and already tomorrow “you’ll kick me out, maybe scold me”.

It would seem that the lyrical hero is in a romantic mood, because his love is likened to the sea, the sun, talent - natural forces. But then comes a strange comparison:

Doesn't matter
My love -
It's a heavy weight...

It becomes clear that the hero is not sure of his beloved’s feelings for him, and this causes torment for both her and him. For her, this is a weight, as the hero thinks, and for him, it is a state that cannot be conveyed in ordinary words. This is why Mayakovsky resorts to parallelism- such an arrangement of sentences in which one group of words contains images and thoughts corresponding to another.

To convey the state of his hero, the author uses comparison with a bull and an elephant - large animals that clearly evoke an association with the poet himself. Every animal, tired of hard work, can rest if "will lie down in the cold waters" or “he will lie down royally in the scorched sand”. And it is impossible for the hero to take a break from love, which becomes too much work for him.

Perhaps for some the way out of this situation would be suicide, but the hero is sure that he “and will not rush into the air”, "and will not drink poison", “and the trigger will not be able to press above the temple” myself. If only the beloved orders it. It’s scary that here it sounded akin to a prediction: Vladimir Mayakovsky himself, tired of pain and disappointment, still “I was able to pull the trigger above my temple”.

The last lines, even externally separated from the entire poem, sound like a prayer, like a plea for help:

Give me at least
cover with the last tenderness
your leaving step.

And here a parallel arises: namely "words dry leaves" must pave the way for the departing heroine. It turns out that all the words about love that have already been spoken become, like fallen leaves, dead, unnecessary, suitable only for kindling. No poet has ever been able to convey despair with such force.

• “The Sitting Ones”, analysis of Mayakovsky’s poem
• “Cloud in Pants”, analysis of the poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky

“Lilichka!” Vladimir Mayakovsky

Instead of a letter

The tobacco smoke has eaten away from the air.
Room -
chapter in Kruchenykhov's hell.
Remember -
outside this window
first
In a frenzy, he stroked your hands.
Today you are sitting here,
heart in iron.
It's still a day -
you'll kick me out
maybe by scolding.
Won't fit in the muddy hallway for a long time
hand broken by trembling into sleeve.
I'll run out
I'll throw the body into the street.
Wild,
I'll go crazy
cut off by despair.
Don't need this
Expensive,
good,
let's say goodbye now.
Doesn't matter
My love -
it's a heavy weight -
hangs on you
wherever I would run.
Let me cry out in my last cry
the bitterness of offended complaints.
If a bull is killed by labor -
he will leave
will lie down in the cold waters.
Besides your love,
to me
there is no sea,
and you can’t beg your love for rest even with tears.
A tired elephant wants peace -
the royal one will lie down in the fried sand.
Besides your love,
to me
there is no sun
and I don’t even know where you are or with whom.
If only I had tormented the poet like that,
He
I would trade my beloved for money and fame,
and for me
not a single joyful ringing,
except the ringing of your favorite name.
And I won’t throw myself into the air,
and I won’t drink poison,
and I won’t be able to pull the trigger above my temple.
Above me
except your gaze,
the blade of no knife has power.
Tomorrow you'll forget
that he crowned you,
that he burned out a blossoming soul with love,
and the hectic days of the swept up carnival
will ruffle the pages of my books...
Are my words dry leaves?
will make you stop
panting greedily?

Give me at least
cover with the last tenderness
your leaving step.

Analysis of Mayakovsky's poem "Lilichka!"

The poet Vladimir Mayakovsky experienced many whirlwind romances during his life, changing women like gloves. However, his true muse for many years remained Lilya Brik, a representative of Moscow bohemia, who was fond of sculpture, painting, literature and foreign translations.

Mayakovsky's relationship with Lilya Brik was quite complex and uneven. The poet's chosen one preferred free love, believing that marriage kills feelings. However, literally from the first days of their acquaintance, she became an ideal woman for the poet, to whom he dedicated his poem on the very first evening. Subsequently, there were a great many such dedications, but the most striking of them is rightfully considered the poem-letter “Lilichka!”, created in 1916. It is noteworthy that it was written at a time when the poet’s muse was in the same room with him. However, Mayakovsky chose not to express his thoughts and feelings out loud, committing them to paper.

The poem begins with a description of a smoky room, which became a short-term refuge for Mayakovsky. Lilya Brik filmed it with her brother, and the poet often lived with them for a long time. Mayakovsky’s friends even jokingly called such relationships “threesome love.” Indeed, the author of the romantic and bitterness-filled poem “Lilichka!” was madly in love with his muse. And although at first she reciprocated his feelings, over time the poet’s ardent passion turned into a burden for her. Realizing this, Mayakovsky, who subtly sensed the change in his beloved’s mood, in his appeal-letter asks that she not kick him out just because she is in a bad mood - “a heart in iron.” Apparently, a similar scene was repeated more than once, so Mayakovsky knows exactly how events will develop. “I’ll run out, throw my body into the street, wild, go crazy, cut off by despair,” the poet experienced such feelings more than once. To avoid a humiliating scene, Mayakovsky turns to Lilya Brik with the words: “Let us say goodbye now.” He no longer wants to torment his beloved, and is unable to endure her ridicule, coldness and indifference. The poet’s only desire at this moment is “to roar out the bitterness of offended complaints in the last cry.”

With inherent imagery, playing with every word, Mayakovsky tries to prove his love to Lilya Brik, claiming that this feeling is complete and undivided. But there is even more jealousy in the author’s soul, which makes him suffer every minute and at the same time hate himself. “Besides your love, I have no sun, and I don’t even know where you are or with whom,” the poet asserts.

Reflecting on the current situation, Mayakovsky in the poem tries on various methods of suicide, but understands that his feelings are much higher and stronger than voluntary departure from life. After all, then he will forever lose his muse, for whose sake he “burned out a soul blooming with love.” But, at the same time, the poet is also clearly aware that next to his chosen one he can never be truly happy. And Lilya Brik is not ready to belong entirely to him alone; she is not created for a boring and routine family life. Of course, Mayakovsky still hopes in his heart that perhaps this touching and sensual poem-letter will help change everything. However, he understands with his mind that he has no chance of reciprocity, so his last request is “to line your departing step with the last tenderness.”

The poem “Lilychka!” was written about a year after Brik and Mayakovsky met. However, their strange and sometimes even absurd relationship lasted until the poet’s death. The author of this work fell in love and broke up with women, after which he returned again to Lilya Brik, unable to forget the one who became the main character of his lyrical works.

Mayakovsky has always been considered one of the most unusual poets. And the manner in which his poems are written has no analogues in all world literature. Each reader decides for himself whether to love his works or not. However, they will not leave anyone indifferent.

Poet's love

When analyzing Mayakovsky's "Lilichka", it is first of all worth mentioning the date of writing of the work - May 26, 1916. Mayakovsky's poems are bright and bold. The life of the poet himself was exactly the same, full of various events and contradictions. He did not know how to fawn over others and got into the thick of things headlong. And the poet was the same in love - he plunged into it as if into a pool. It often happens that a beloved woman becomes a muse for a creative person. The same thing happened with Mayakovsky. Lilya Brik became his poetic muse. The feelings that the poet experienced for this woman were more comparable to obsession.

The poem, the analysis of which is discussed in this article, is one of many works dedicated to Lilya Brik. At the time of its writing, the relationship between Mayakovsky and his lover was very ambiguous. The poet’s feelings were passionate, and the girl was burdened by the relationship, which, in her opinion, should have ended long ago.

Composition of the work

An analysis of Mayakovsky’s “Lilichka” shows: the work is a lyrical monologue, which reflects the movement of the author’s thoughts and feelings. The poet conventionally divides it into two compositional parts. The first represents the hero's self-disclosure. The second consists of only three lines and contains a request to his beloved.

First part

The first compositional part, in turn, consists of two blocks. The first is about developing relationships with your beloved. The second is conditional, it figuratively conveys the hero’s experiences. In the first block, all events are described using past tense verbs. When analyzing Mayakovsky’s “Lilichka,” a student can point out: the poet experiences the future so realistically that he is ready to say goodbye to his beloved now. At the end of the block, the events described are presented as having happened (the verbs are in the past tense - “crowned”, “burned out”) or as upcoming - “you’ll forget, you’ll get disheveled.” But there are no present tense forms at all.

Literary devices in the second block of the first part of the poem

An analysis of Mayakovsky’s “Lilichka” also shows that the second block of the first part is built on the literary device of antithesis. The free world of animals (bull, elephant), based on harmony, is contrasted with the spiritual enslavement and suffering of the lyrical hero. And the first part ends with a rhetorical question. Using the techniques of alliteration (sounds “l”, “s”, “x”, “zh”, “sh”) and inversion, not only the sound of rustling leaves is reproduced, but also a visual-auditory association is evoked with the autumn season, symbolizing hopelessness.

In the final part of the work, the request of the lyrical hero is unexpectedly softly voiced. It sounds both farewell and forgiveness of the beloved. Alliteration is used (sounds “d”, “t”, “s”, “n”), as well as assonance “a” - “o” - “e”. This gives a particularly expressive sound to the final chord of the work.

Metaphors

In his work, the poet introduces various types of metaphors, all of them expanded - “words are dry leaves.” The soul is presented as “a once blooming garden, scorched by love.” With the help of metaphors, the speculative and abstract (soul, love) acquires the features of a living thing, filling it with very specific content.

The work also uses synecdoche, a type of metonymy. Mayakovsky’s application of these methods is striking in its spectacularity: “The heart is in iron,” “I will throw the body into the street.” The feelings of the lyrical hero are expressed not through abstract concepts, but through metaphors.

Hyperbolization

The poet's love for Lila was enormous, and everything he experienced was exaggerated. And the excessiveness of his experiences required exceptional means of expression. Turning to natural images (bull, elephant, sea, sun), the poet describes them as huge. From the animal world, hyperbole is transferred to the sphere of human relationships. The lyrical hero is the opposite of the poet for whom money and fame are most important.

The highest point of hyperbole is the final part, based on allusions - the author says that “he will not rush into the air”, “he will not drink poison.” The anaphora of the conjunction “and”, as well as the repetition of the particle “not” further strengthen this part of the hyperbole.

The lyrical hero of the work

An analysis of Mayakovsky’s “Little” verse should also contain a description of the characteristics of the lyrical hero of the work. He hopes that his request will still be heard. One of the key phrases of the poem is “Kruchenykhov’s hell.” This is exactly the internal state of the lyrical hero. Hell is a place where sinners who neglect the path of repentance suffer. But the lyrical hero does not repent - he, on the contrary, complains about his condition. And what happens along this path is quite natural. After all, the lyrical hero chooses the path of sin - and that is why he suffers. He screams about his sacrifice in the name of love in a state of despair. The reader witnesses the hero's spiritual failure, which leads to the main paradox of the work: love turns into hell for him. The lyrical hero has a substitution of concepts in the sphere of love - this is what leads him to a state of complete despair.

Analysis of the poem “Lilichka” by Mayakovsky: neologisms

Like other works of the poet, the poem contains many neologisms, as well as non-normative grammatical forms. For example, this is the word “fired”. In the context of the poem, this word further enhances the emotional intensity. In order to enhance expressiveness, the poet also uses other neologisms - “I’ll go crazy”, “cut off”, “howl”.

The rhythm of the poem

Even a brief analysis of Mayakovsky’s “Lilichka” should include information about the rhythm of the work. It is torn and does not correspond to any meter. The work is written in the tonic system of versification. It approaches the tonic system of free verse with the alternation of long and short lines, which allows for additional emotional stress to be emphasized.

The tragedy of Mayakovsky

Carrying out an analysis of Mayakovsky’s poem “Lilichka”, we can briefly describe the difficult situation of the love triangle in which the poet found himself. Mayakovsky was a controversial and tragic personality. The spiritual essence of the poet was very difficult to determine even for his contemporaries. That is why it is worth looking for in the work of the Soviet poet. Marina Tsvetaeva, who was a contemporary of Mayakovsky, compared the rhythm of the poet’s poems with a “physical heartbeat.”

Lilya Brik wrote that after Mayakovsky began to have tender feelings for her, she did not have a calm moment for two and a half years. Despite the fact that the girl was divorced from O. M. Brik, she resisted the poet’s assertiveness. She was frightened by Mayakovsky's unbridled passion. The tragedy of this love triangle was that Lilya herself loved Brik, but he did not love her. In other words, Mayakovsky needed Lilya, who could not experience tender feelings for anyone except Osip Maksimovich.

Lilichka!

Instead of a letter

The tobacco smoke has eaten away from the air.
Room -
chapter in Kruchenykhov's hell.
Remember -
outside this window
first

Today you are sitting here,

heart in iron.
Another day -
you'll kick me out
maybe scolded.


I'll run out
I'll throw the body into the street.
Wild,
I'll go crazy
cut off by despair.
Don't need this
Expensive,
good,
let's say goodbye now.
Doesn't matter
My love -
it's a heavy weight -
hangs on you
wherever I would run.

the bitterness of offended complaints.
If a bull is killed by labor -
he will leave
will lie down in the cold waters.
Except your love
to me
there is no sea,

A tired elephant wants peace -

Besides your love,
to me
there is no sun

If only I had tormented the poet like that,
He

and for me
not a single joyful ringing,

And I won’t throw myself into the air,
and I won’t drink poison,

Above me
except your gaze,

Tomorrow you'll forget
that he crowned you,

and a carnival of vain days

Are my words dry leaves?
will make you stop
panting greedily?
Give me at least

your leaving step.

The above rap poem Vladimir Mayakovsky known to many, especially after it was set to the music of rock bands "Pesnyary" And "Spleen", however, I want to talk about it again.

Poem-letter-despair poet (the lyrical hero is himself Mayakovsky) - is insane in its essence, it can even be said to be of a suicidal nature, although it says that the desperate poet and will not commit suicide (in the end, he did commit suicide in life).

Madness - how passion when you see nothing in life except the object of “love”. This is often the case and suicides on this basis are not uncommon, when it seems that you can no longer live without your “loved” person.

Shown feeling poet tragic, this unrequited "love", this is torment and worry, this is something hellish(“the head in Kruchenykhov’s hell”), dependent, material (look, ringing voice, hands, etc.)

But let's look line by line...

The tobacco smoke has eaten away from the air.
Room -
chapter in Kruchenykhov's hell.
Remember -
outside this window
first
In a frenzy, he stroked your hands.

They ( poet And "beloved" poet) they smoke in the room, they smoke a lot, the room resembles hell (“a chapter in Kruchenykhov’s hell” ... - This refers to the poem A. Kruchenykh And V. Khlebnikova"Game in Hell"). They don’t talk, he talks all the time, turns to his beloved Lilichkapoet, but there is no answer throughout the entire conversation, no verse between them.

Poet tortures himself, telling her: Do you remember how outside this window I first stroked your hands in a frenzy? Frenzy is a demonic, possessed state...

Today you are sitting here,
heart in iron.
Another day -
you'll kick me out
maybe scolded.
Won't fit in the muddy hallway for a long time
hand broken by trembling into sleeve.

Psycho poet He yells at her about his torment, and she sits, heart in iron(dead, indifferent to his cries), and after some time, he feels that she will kick him out completely (she will get completely tired of her). He will find himself in a dim hallway, with trembling hands... broken by the shiver of cold, which he tries to stuff into his sleeves to keep warm...

I'll run out
I'll throw the body into the street.
Wild,
I'll go crazy
cut off by despair.
Don't need this
Expensive,
good,
let's say goodbye now.

He will run out, and it’s clear that this has happened many times already - such madness, he anticipates the continuation of the attack. Wild, insane, cut off by despair(like a knife or razor) will end up on the street. But he wants to say goodbye right now, close this “topic”, not drag out the torment, forget about it.

Doesn't matter
My love -
it's a heavy weight -
hangs on you
wherever I would run.
Let me cry out in my last cry
the bitterness of offended complaints.

"Love" poet- a heavy weight for her, Lilichki, but he is still offended, he cries right in front of her eyes, or rather roars like a child whose toy is taken away.

If the bull is hard they'll kill you -
he will leave
will lie down in the cold waters.
Except your love
to me
There is not seas,
and you can’t beg your love for rest even with tears.

Further poet compares himself to bull who works until deathly tired, he wants relax in cold waters. That's "love" Lilichki- this is cold for a madman maritime water, but in it he cannot even cry (!!!) recreation. And he doesn’t need anything else good.

The tired one wants peace elephant -
the royal one will lie down in the fried sand.
Besides your love,
to me
There is not sun ,
and I don’t even know where you are or with whom.

Co elephant- the same story. Again he is tired, wants to rest in the sand (by the way, “fired”, burnt out), but “love” poet, Lilichka, – and there is Sun (rest, happiness, the meaning of life), and at the same time he doesn’t know where she is and who she’s hanging around with. Wants sun in the sky, but it is not there, it has disappeared behind the clouds.

Interesting Mayakovsky speaks of himself as a bull, a royal elephant... something big, but animal ( poet lives animals feelings). Bolshoi Mayakovsky with a telling surname!!!

Rhymes “they will kill the seas” bear opposition: how death and life(rest) like sea ​​Lilichka is deadly for Mayakovsky. With rhymes "Elephant - the sun" such a similar situation: the elephant wants life, rest through the sun Lilichka, which is actually lifeless, has gone behind the clouds, is absent.

If only I had tormented the poet like that,
He
I would trade my beloved for money and fame,
and for me
not a single joyful ringing,
except the ringing of your favorite name.

Poet so exhausted that he doesn’t even need money, because it no longer rings for him, like the name of his “beloved” rings - Lilichka!

And I won’t throw myself into the air,
and I won’t drink poison,
and I won’t be able to pull the trigger above my temple.
Above me
except your gaze,
the blade of no knife has power.

Poet says that he will not commit suicide, that weapon not powerful over him, but powerful sight Lilichki, and she leaves him, drives him away, they part, which means that anyway, according to the logic of the poet, death awaits through suicide. Tricky O It's like madness.

Tomorrow you'll forget
that he crowned you,
that he burned out a blossoming soul with love,
and hectic days, a swept-up carnival
will ruffle the pages of my books...

He is sad that, despite his suicide, she will still forget him, the fool who treated her queen, and burned his soul to the ground with “love.” The days (time) will become disheveled and the leaves-pages of his poems will scatter. He feels sorry for himself. Selfish state.

Are my words dry leaves?
will make you stop
panting greedily?
Give me at least
cover with the last tenderness
your leaving step.

They are in the room, he tells her everything, says... but his words are like dry leaves for her... she will leave and will not stop, even though he greedily and breathing(greedy for her, does not want to lose her as an object of pleasure). But he is also a romantic romantic poet: he asks tenderly Lilichka line her outgoing step. I remember Jesus Christ riding into Jerusalem on a donkey, his step was also lined.

But she'll still leave Lilichka, his personal personal Jyzhas.

P.S. Vladimir Mayakovsky And Lilya Brik painfully met with 1915 By 1930 a year before the death of the poet, who, according to official data, shot himself.

Nervous, always on edge, one of the most charismatic and powerful poets of the early USSR, Mayakovsky was devoted to one woman throughout his short life. A woman who lived with him under the same roof, but... belonged to another.

At home in bohemian Moscow, creative and unbalanced, Lilya Brik was Mandelstam’s woman. Living together, the two Soviet poets were friends, and the only woman, Lilya, inspired them: making one happy, and slowly killing the other. Suffering from unrequited feelings, Mayakovsky poured out his pain in a way accessible to him: he wrote poems, in each of which one can recognize a maddening passion.

“Lilichka” is an inexpressibly poignant, sad and at the same time touching poem, written by the author on a May day in 1916.

The style of “Lilechka” is tense and jagged, reminiscent of some kind of alarming spell or curse addressed to oneself. Each briefly thrown phrase falls like a sentence somewhere deep down, leaving behind a painful and painful feeling. On that gentle late spring evening, everything that had been burning for a whole year since the fatal acquaintance with the fire of unrequited love for the brilliant Soviet lyricist broke through.

The room, which he compares with the head of Kruchenykhov’s hell... Yes, every evening in it became hell for Mayakovsky, and the smoke from numerous Soviet cigarettes, in a vain attempt to calm his frayed nerves, added an ominous resemblance. Reminding her of what he cannot forget, he powerlessly reproaches her for her indifference and cruelty: “a heart in iron,” - oh, how sharply and accurately he put it!

Despair, extreme despair and nerves that have gone to hell - that's what the cloudy front and trembling that wrings your hands speak of.

Brought to a borderline, almost insane state, the poet “screams” about his acute desire to escape from the pain tormenting him: “I’ll run out... I’ll leave...”, but he also understands that there is no way out.

“Cut by despair” seems to divide the poem into two parts: the edges of crazy fury immediately turn into a kind of humble consciousness, in which he admits that he is unable to get rid of the feeling that makes life difficult for the woman he loves.

Mayakovsky begs only for the only thing that he hopes Lilya will not be able to refuse: “Let me cry out... the bitterness of offended complaints” and “line your departing step with the last tenderness.”

Not a single chance for happiness, and the inability to forget - isn’t this a manifestation of hell on earth?

Analysis of the poem Lilichka according to plan

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