Story about an old thing for school. Museum lesson "History of old things"
We present you a list of examples from the oldest items of life and note that these are only the oldest surviving samples - many of these items existed much earlier.
These Egyptian woolen socks designed to wear with sandals produced between 300 and 499. AD, and found in the 19th century. (Photo: wikipedia.org)
"Sumerian beer recipe from 3000 BC. Beer is very strong and contains pieces of bread floating in it. " (Photo: Imgur.com)
The oldest glasses in the world found on the boffin land in Canada. They were intended to protect against glare sunlight, reflected from snow. (Photo: CanadaCool.com)
The most likely age of a statue depicting a human figure is 40,000 years. It is Venus from Cave Cave-Fels, Germany, carved from the mammoth bone. (Photo: wikipedia.org)
This 5500-year-old right mocassin of oxide leather was found in a cave in Armenia, it was preserved in herbs and dry sheep dung. (Photo: news.NationalGeographic.com)
This is a 40000-year-old bone flute from the south of Germany. (Photo: Nytimes.com)
The oldest pants in the world found in Western China, their age is 3,300 years old. (Photo: M. Wagner / German Archaeological Institute)
In the ancient city of Ephesus, Turkey, there were washing public toilets. Running water Under the seats worn to the nearby river. (Photo: Chroniclesoflindsay.blogspot.com)
This bra was carried between 1390 and 1485 in Austria. There are earlier historical descriptions of this subject, but other copies are not preserved. (Photo: Theatlantic.com)
This prosthesis 3000 years ago helped someone in Egypt again walk. (Photo: BBC.com)
Dog teeth are all that remained from the unpaved 4500-year-old wallet, which was found in Germany. They were probably part of the outdoor sash. (Photo: Klaus Bentele, LDA Halle)
This reusable condom from sheepskin was used in 1640 in Sweden. It was supplied with the instructions on Latin, in which the product was recommended to clean with warm milk to avoid venericual diseases. (Photo: genreauthor.blogspot.com)
This chewing gum From Finland, chewed at least 5,000 years ago. It consists of bark and, most likely, used to cure the oral cavity from infections or used as glue. (Photo: Metro.co.uk)
The oldest recorded melody was found in the ancient city-state, in the territory of modern South Syria. Music wrote for the lira. (Photo: Ancientlyre.com)
The oldest of famous coins was found within the ancient Ellinsky city of Ephesus (Ephesus) in Turkey. One of her side decorates the image of the head of the lion. (Photo.
Mazitova Milena
Project tasks:
1. Research home things.
2. Determine the oldest and memorable things of my family.
3. Write the stories of relatives about the history of things.
4. Place a report on the work done.
5. Present your work in front of school students at the scientific and practical conference.
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MBOU "Zuevskaya Main Communication School"
PROJECT
"Vintage and memorable things
my family"
Project Manager: Teacher of History Konovalova O.L.
2016
the name of the project | Ancient and memorable things of my family. |
Milena Damisovna Mazitova, 5th grade MBOU "Zuevskaya Oosh" |
|
Head project | Konovalova Olga Leonidovna. |
The relevance of the project | Each family stores vintage and memorable things. It is important to maintain the historical memory of them for their descendants. |
Project problem | Is there any vintage and memorable things in my family. |
Objective of the project | Collect information about the ancient and memorable things of my family. |
Project tasks |
|
Terms of implementation | January 2016 |
Resources | Camera. Flash card. A computer. |
Project description |
|
Ancient and memorable things of my family
These coins were used in the USSR. Copy their uncle Mazitov Abip Mazgutovich.
These samovars are old. But grandmother still uses them. In them, grandmother cooks tea. For this she pours water, puts coal and puts on the floor.
My grandmother wears these rosary for a long time. When she reads a prayer, it takes and pulls them in turn.
This chest is very old. My grandmother keeps all vintage things in it. These things are very expensive for it.
This is the most ancient photo in our family. In this photo, my great-grandfathed (right) is depicted with his girlfriend (left).
This sewing machine is called Singer. My grandmother bought it when was young. She sewed dresses on it.
These photo albums are memorable for our family. In the first photo album my photos from elementary school. And in the second photos of my sister Elvira
In 2013, in the summer, we left the whole family to the Kungur Ice Cave. It was very cold there. All were B. winter clothes. This is a souvenir from the cave.
Once our dad was sent to work in the city of Kogalym. He brought us a souvenir.
Our dad worked for a whole year in St. Petersburg. Visited in Moscow. And brought us magnets.
When I graduated primary schoolMy mother gave a letter of thanks. This is also a memorable thing in our family.
Objects of old home utensils (materials for the school museum)
Performed: Aknazarova Daria and
Denisova Valentina,
MKOU Alexandrovskaya Sosh
Bogotolsky District
Leader:,
Our school has a museum that exists for several years.
For the first time here on the excursion, we came in 2006, in grade 1.
We saw here exposures dedicated to the history of the school, the history of the village, the Great Patriotic War. But we are more interested in the exposition where vintage things were collected, items household.
Then we just looked at them, and now, in the 6th grade, it became interesting to us: how these items were called how they were used, who made them, from which whose hands held these items! But all these things once belonged to the inhabitants of our Alexandrovka and those villages that have already disappeared. There are no villages and residents, and things remained. Here we decided to learn as much as possible and tell everyone who will visit our school museum.
So. Let's start our virtual journey ...
In the "explanatory dictionary" recorded: "Utensils are a set of objects needed by a person in his everyday life."
What was needed by our ancestors in their household?
The peasant house was difficult to imagine without numerous utensils accumulated decades, if not for centuries, and literally filling the space. In the Russian village, utensils were called "all movable in the house, dwelling", according to. In fact, the utensils are the whole set of objects needed by a person in his everyday life. Utensils are dishes for workpiece, cooking and storing food, feeding it on the table; Various containers for storing household goods, clothing; Objects for personal hygiene and housing hygiene; Objects for burning fire, storage and use of tobacco and for cosmetic accessories. In the Russian village used mainly wooden pottery utensils. Metal, glass, porcelain has been spread less. Wooden manufacturing technique can be a dolly, cooler, carpentry, turning. In a large consumption there was also utensils, made and barks, woven from rods, straw, pine roots. Some of the wooden items needed in the farm have been manufactured by the forces of the male half of the family. The larger part of the objects were purchased at fairs, Torzhok, especially this concerned the coolest and turning utensils, the manufacture of which required special knowledge and tools. Pottery utensils were used mainly for cooking in the oven and serve it on the table, sometimes for salting, serving vegetables. The metallic conventional type utensils was mainly copper, tin or silver. The presence of her in the house was a bright evidence of the prosperity of the family, her leaning, respect for family traditions. Such utensils were sold only at the most critical moments of the family's life. The utensil-filled house was manufactured, acquired, was kept by Russian peasants, naturally on the basis of its purely practical use. However, in some, from the point of view of the peasant, important moments of life, almost each of its items turned out of a utilitarian thing in symbolic. For those subjects that we managed to collect from the inhabitants with. Aleksandrovka, the utensils were from different materials: wood, clay, cast iron, iron. But the tree prevailed.
Washbasin (Washbasin)
Three legs, two ear, and the sixth belly - Such a riddle came up with the Russian people about this subject.
Racket - a small hanging washbasin. Sewberey machine - hanging vessel for washing with a spout, like a kettle, bent when washing. The words, the Wordyer, Washbasin, are already talking about the purpose of these household items: for washing and washing hands.
Next to the furnace necessarily hung a towel (arboretum or trench) and washbasin (Solochnik). The Russian man was used to be a clay jug with two drain nose on the sides, and only then a copper handicraft with one nap appeared. Under it was wooden Lohan (Shaka) where dirty water flowed. More than once during the day, the hostess rinsed their evaporated hands - in a tub with water, the so-called frame. One of the sayings about her reads: "Where the girls are smooth, there is no water in the tub," that is, if the hostess were lazy, then the journal was empty. And according to believe, it should always be complete.
The collaborator is a small vessel expanding or touched up. Two rivets make some longer than everyone else. There are ears at their ends, in which the through holes are drilled to hang the hazelnik. Two other special rivets are cut out of a tree trunk with a bitch separating from it. Rovers are squeezed and placed, and then ebbed the edges. Through the bumps along the core drill through holes. Hollow bitchs will serve as the drain spout of the ruin. The hauncher, like Lohan, over which he is suspended, decorate with thread or burning.
Rushnikov (manual)
On the wall hangs, dangles,
For him all grabs.
A trench was intended primarily for wiping hands during a shabby.
An integral part of the "Babi Kuta", that is, the female part of the village hut was a towel or a handsome man. Proof of this - love, the art with which the towels embroidered. And the table towel, who wiped out the dishes, was called a cup.
Rubel and Valek
Most likely, the first "iron" was flat, very heavy stone. The clothes were spread on some flat surface, attached to this stone, left until she was smoothed.
Later, the irons were terribly filled with hot coals. They were invented in China in the VIII century to iron silk.
Our ancestors, despite the heavy peasant work, where the sweat, and sometimes blood, tried to be clean and neat. The assistants in this rural resident were Rubel and Valek. These are the ancestors of our iron.
Rubel - Wooden board with chopped grooves for riding linen.
Dry linen or clothes were wound on exactly the oven stick (Valek) and began to roll on the table thick rectangular with a short rounded handle stick. On the inner work surface was made transverse scars. It was called such a "iron" Rubel. Seven sweats will come down with that clean, which wants to look neat. But because
the fabric, mostly, was linen, she was very easy to swear and it was difficult to smooth it.
Used rollers and rules and washed. On the river such a roller women, as if knocked out dirt from wet linen and clothes.
Rubel was used frequently and in home medicine in the treatment of spine, lower back, that is, as a massage.
IRON
Hits displeased, it hurts hurt,
It is dangerous to leave one.
It is necessary to blame with him
And can iron
But it is not worth stroking.
And only in the XVII century, someone occurred to the head of cast iron irons. They were desirable to have two: while alone stroked, the other heated.
Then the "coal" iron appeared. Inside lay burning coals and started stroking.
The word "Iron" is considered borrowed from the Turkic language in the XVIII century.
But there are also the versions of the origin of this word: from the disappeared owl "Towering".
Krinka (Covenant)
Carpenters without axicles cut down the barbell without corners.
But our ancestors needed to think not only about beauty, but also about the bread, to feed themselves, and numerous family members. Therefore, in the peasant farming there were many objects that help in cooking, mostly they were the belonging of the "Babi Kuta". So, one of the necessary things was Krinka (Covenant) – expanding
an extended clay vessel for storing and serving milk on the table.
The word "Krinka" (jug) occurred from the word "curve".
A characteristic feature of the cryanka is high, quite wide throat, smoothly turning into a rounded Tulovo. The shape of the throat, its diameter and height are designed for grabbing with hand. Milk in such a vessel retains her freshness longer, and when the dishes gives a thick layer of sour cream, which is convenient to remove the spoon. In Russian villages, the clay bowls, bowls, mugs used for milk were also called.
Cast iron (cast iron)
The book of narrow, top is wide, not a saucepan ... was in the bazaar, I found myself on a fire. Fire is not afraid, in it porridge languishes. Many riddles are invented about such a necessary thing as cast iron.
Cast iron is a major vessel, a pot of cast iron, later also from an aluminum alloy, rounded shape, for extinguishing and cooking in a Russian oven. This word was also borrowed in the XVIII century from the Turkic language. A feature of the cast iron is its shape, repeating the shape of a traditional chimney pot: a narrowed to the bottom expanding to the top and again narrowing to the throat. This form allows you to put the cast iron into the furnace and remove it from the furnace with the help of a special tool - grasp, representing the open metal ring on a long wooden handle.
The volume is different - from 1.5 to 9 liters. Cast iron is small roominess called cast iron. Despite the seeming antiquity of this type of dishes, metal cast iron appeared and widespread only in the very late XIX. - early XX centuries. At this time, cast-iron kitchen plates of industrial production spread in Russia, in which the panel with removable burners was erected above the furnace furnace instead of the brick arch, whose openings were also a narrow bottom of cast iron. In the first third of the 20th century, castors were made with enamel coatings. Cast iron produced after October revolutionAs a rule, there were stamps of the manufacturer's plane indicating the volume in liters
TUES (Tuesuck)
It is fek, podcoca,
All kvass distributes -
He does not take a drop!
If the cast iron retained the cooked food for a long time, then Tues was designed to save the liquid cold. Therefore, the Taues was preparing the real masters. After all, this subject should not have lost a drop of fluid, to store it for a long time.
Direct translation of this word "- a box of berers."
Tues - cylindrical birch box, boxes with a tight adjacent lid.
Tues - Burak, Pumpo, Bereshina Cube with a tight lid and with a bracket or a handicap in it. The simplest definition: This vessel is usually a cylindrical shape made from birch bark (berers).
Taus can be divided into destination for fluid and for bulk items. For a fluid of Tues, they make a leaf, that is, the berist is removed from the tree entirely without cut. Under the bulk objects of Tues are made from the plastic berers.
You can also divide Taues in the form of manufacture. Here, as a fantasy tells, you can make round, oval, square, triangular, and then you can add any number of angles.
It is possible to divide the Taus according to the design method: painted, embossed, slit, slit half layers, ripened and simply with the natural texture.
In addition, the Tues can be laid. There is a huge number of weaving methods from birch.
Tuesy is large and smaller, and very small, high and lower, each of them had their own special purpose. In some Tueshas stored salt. It was always related to her especially breaking. She does not like dampness - immediately wets, and after, if it gets up, - it mows, not break. Beresty Tuescape possessed an amazing property - she protected her from moisture.
Cow oil, and cottage cheese, and sour cream, and milk were stored in Tues. The oil in them is not a hitch, the sour cream was kept for a long time, milk, and cottage cheese were not sweet - in Bershek Tueshai, these perishable and indispensable in each family products were reliably protected from heat exposure.
In Tues, poured honey, sunflower, hemp, linseed oil, could be pitched from
bristian Taus Water. And that and kvaas. In Berevian Tuesca and Vodda, the well of the student,
and kvass, as if only from the cellar got. And so they learned the masters of the dyshki of Tuesov to customize yes, they did notice that there was no single droplet.
With barking Tuesia, went to the forest on berries - for raspberries, strawberries, blackberry, lingonberries, blueberries. In the forest on the berries, the bastard often went - in adult in the summer and other works enough. For them and Masterili Taues - not very big, with comfortable handles. All winter in the cellar in Berevian Tuesse stored without sugar berries - cloudberry.
So it was before, in our time, from a purely utilitarian destination, Berevian Taues was transferred to the category of souvenirs, although they did not lose their former destination, which can be checked on their own experience.
Grasp
Horns, yes not a bull,
Enough, but not full
People give up
And himself goes to rest.
From a Russian furnace
Porridge as soon as possible.
Cast iron is very happy
What grabbed it ...
Bear Popov sat down on horse
Drove into the fire
Rzhet and laughs,
Jump out wants.
The closest assistant cast iron was grasp. The word was formed by a bessfix method from the verb to "grasp", since the direct appointment of this subject is to grasp, take. The subject is named by its function: literally - "then, with the help of which they grab, take."
Gipping is a device for moving the pots and cast iron in the furnace, with the help of grasp they could be removed or installed in the furnace. Since they were preparing in a Russian furnace, where the fire was opened, it was necessary to be careful not to burn.
Kerosene lamps
Blue ocean,
Glass shores,
Floats duck,
He burns head.
The fire helped not only in cooking, but also gave light in the dark time of the day, it was especially valuable in winter, when it was late late, but in a rallier. Candles appeared very early, but the flame of the candle was open, which was not safe, and the candle could be blown on the street. These problems were solved with the advent of kerosene, as kerosene lamps appeared.
Kerosene lighting began to spread in the Russian village since 1860, from the time of entry into God Baku Kerosene. With a kerosene lamp, it was already safely moving around the house and the street, without fear of taking the wick.
The main product on the table was, of course, bread. Therefore, many household items were in the farm for baking bread.
New Sudine - all in holes.
In the forest, removed, in the house is bent, the survey is braided.
Sieve - the object of utensils - the hoop with a frequent shallow grid stretched on it, sieving. This word was formed from the verb to "sow".
Sieve - a device for separating bulk masses by their components (grain, croup, sand, etc.). But, mostly, the sieve was used to sieve flour before kneading the dough. So the flour was saturated with oxygen, and the dough turned lush.
Shop and bench
For us, modern people, there is no difference between the bench and a bench. But this is not the same thing. The shop is long, more often without racks, bench, usually reinforced along the wall. The shop was formed from the word "lava" - "Bench".
The shop is fixedly strengthened along the wall of the hut, and the bench was equipped with legs, it was moving.
The location on the shop was considered more honorable. The guest could judge the attitude towards him, depending on where he was seated: a shop or bench. On the shops slept, they stored under them various subjects - Tools, shoes and so on.
Challenge not Popova Soul, will not deceive, - so the people spoke about this subject.
The history of the origin of this word is interesting: Chance - ancient Russian borrowing from the Turkic language (from the Turk. batman. - Weight measure of about 10 kg or "luck" - "scales") - the simplest lever scales. The Turkic word was transformed into the "demonstration" under the influence of the combination of "without change" - "no change".
Clearman - manual scales with an unequal lever and moving point back. The labels on the hearty show the first part of the pound (quarter, and sometimes the oxides), then whole pounds, up to 10; then two pounds, up to 20; five pounds, up to 40; Next, where there is another score, dozens. Weight on heartlessness is inaccurate why he is prohibited in trade. Large suspensionless, contar. In the north we have in Siberia: Weight at 2 1/2 pound, with a purchase of some products: oils, caviar, fish, hops, etc. Russian heartless - metal rod with constant cargo at one end and crochet or cup for the weighing object on the other. Balanced by a changeless move along the rod of the second hook of the closure or loops serving the support of the rod of the moonless.
Cradle (Sybka, Cradle, Bayuchka)
One of the honorary places in the house was held by the cradle, Zybka, a cradle, a rocking chair, a baucholuk, cassava, cradle, Zebka. His lifted it either to the ring attached to the mathite (top bruster of the hut), or to the gland (long flexible stick). The cradle is a suspension cradle. The cradle is a children's cradle, Sybka.
The word "cradle" occurred from the words "Luli-Luli", which sang, shaking a child, and Zybka from the verb "Write" (scat).
And the word "cradle" from "Calm" - "download". This word is known since the XV century.
In the peasant skews of individual baby cots - the kids slept together, alongside the climb. So Zybanka drank a small little man on average for 2-3 years.
Shining (self-level)
On aspen I sit, through Clean I look, Berza is shaking ...
The spinning wheel is the subject of public life, the instrument of labor on which the threads are hung.
Shining - a device for manual spinning, which was driving a foot pedal.
The primary value was to "pull out".
On the Donette, made from Osin, the sparkle sat on the maple ridge, and a tensioned threaded threaded threaded threaded threads were reinforced on the maple crest. Shining - special subjectThe various sides of the people's life were crossed in it: it's both a labor instrument that served as a woman from childhood to old age: and decoration of rustic sites.
The special pride of the horses were strands: accurate, carved, painted, which were usually put on a prominent place. The spindles were not only an instrument of labor, but also the decoration of the dwelling. It was believed that straight patterns were protected by a dwelling from the evil eye and dashing people.
In 7 years of peasant girls began to learn to spin. The first small elegant ribbed daughter gave his father. Daughters studied to spish, sew, embroider mother.
Outlocking (oil)
Looking at these massive wooden items that are hardly moving, it is difficult to imagine that air fragrant oil was shot down in them.
Churn , Used in the household, was the subject of special pride, because he spoke about wealth in the house, about satiety. It is not for nothing that about a good owner said: he has a beard butyond ...
Stupa and Pest
Stupa (mortar) is a vessel in which they smolden or crushed by anything with a heavy penda.
The pest is a short heavy rod with a rounded end for the impression of anything in a step. Pest - rounded down the stick for the grinding of some substance in the stage (by the interpretation or rubbing). This word was formed from the verb to "shove."
The word "stupa" is formed from the word "step". But it is less likely another version - from Germanic languages: "What Tolkut is."
Our grandmothers used a stue for chopping poppy, millet, even dried cherry cherry to pies.
It is necessary for washing,
Maybe bathing.
Vudine Starin
Its name.
I do not know who it is
Name openly
But this sudine
Simply …
The necessary thing in the farm was trough. His owner from a solid piece of wood was done, there were trough and washing, and to cut cabbage.
This word is formed from the same basis as the bark, that is, a wood product.
Working on the etymology names of home utensils, we came to the following conclusion:
Calling the items necessary in everyday life, our ancestors thought not about the prowance and "beautiful." And they thought everyone was clear to the purpose of these items. It would be nice to us, contemporary people, take note of this feature.
And we want to complete our work, we want the words of our poet nugget:
But memory saves
In the shower heat of those long days
And does not forget not allow
My history of my ...
LITERATURE:
1. Dal dictionary. M, -1971.
2. Short etymological Dictionary Edited by M., Enlightenment, 1975.
3. dictionary Russian language. M., 2001.
4. Ushakov dictionary of the Russian language. In 4 tons. - M., 1938.
Man all his life - from birth and to the very death - the objects of life are surrounded. What is included in this concept? Furniture, dishes, clothes and much more. A huge number of proverbs and sayings are connected with the objects of folk beet. About them there is a speech in fairy tales, poems write about them and invent riddles.
What objects of people's life in Russia do we know? Are they always so called? Are there things that disappeared from our life? What kind interesting Facts Are associated with objects of people's life? Let's start with the most important thing.
Russian hut
It is impossible to present the objects of national life of Russians without the most important - their dwellings. In Russia, the huts were built on the banks of the rivers or lakes, because fishing from the long-time time was one of the important fisheries. The construction site was chosen very carefully. The new hub is never built on the place of the old. Interesting fact that pets served as a guide for choice. The place they chose to relax was considered the most favorable for the construction of the house.
The dwelling was made of wood, most often from larch or birch. It is more correct to say not to "build the hut", but "cut down the house." It was done with the help of an ax, and later and saw. His horses most often were made square or rectangular. Inside the housing there was nothing superfluous, only the most necessary for life. Walls and ceilings in Russian hives did not paint. At the wealthy peasants, the house consisted of several rooms: the main dwelling, senior, veranda, chunnel, yard and buildings: a flock or a pen for animals, haylov and others.
In the hill there were wooden objects of folk houses - table, shops, cradle or cradle for babies, shelves for dishes. Colored rugs or tracks can be lying on the floor. The table occupied the central place in the house, the angle where he stood was called "red", that is, the most important, honorable. He was covered with a tablecloth, and the whole family was going to him. Everyone at the table had its own place, the most convenient, central held the head of the family - the owner. The place for icons was discharged.
Good speech, if there is a furnace
Without this subject, it is impossible to imagine the life of our distant ancestors. The furnace was also a cormist, and the savior. In severe cold, only thanks to her, many people managed to warm up. The Russian oven was a place where they prepared food, also slept on it. Her warmly saved from many diseases. Due to the fact that it had various niches and shelves, various dishes were kept here.
The food prepared in the Russian oven is extremely tasty and fragrant. Here you can cook: delicious and welded soup, crumbly porridge, all kinds of pastry and much more.
But the most important thing is that the oven was the place in the house around which people were constantly. It is not by chance in Russian fairy tales, the main characters are driving on it (Emelya), they sleep (Ilya Muromets).
Kocherga, grasp, pomel
These objects of people's life were directly related to the Kocherga was the first assistant when working. When firewood was roasted in the oven, the corners were shifted by this item and watched there were no short-lived flights. About the Kocherg Russian people folded a lot of proverbs and sayings, here are just some of them:
- In the bath Benik Mr., in the kocherg furnace.
- Neither God candle, nor to the hell of the kocherga.
- Black conscience and kocher gallows seem to.
Gipping is the second assistant when working with the stove. Usually there were several, different sizes. With the help of this subject in the furnace put and removed the castle or pans with food. The plugs were shrule and tried to handle them very carefully.
The pomelo is a special broom, with the help of which the extra garbage has sucked from the furnace, and it has not been used for other purposes. The Russian people about this subject came up with a characteristic riddle: "Under the floor, under the sir, it was usually sits in a melted before the bars were going.
Kocherga, grasp, broom - certainly they should have been at hand when food in a Russian oven was preparing.
Chest - for storing the most valuable things
In each house, it was necessary to have a place where the dowred, clothing, towels, tablecloths were folded. Chest - subjects of people's life they could be both big and small. The most important thing is that they had to meet several requirements: capacity, strength, decoration. If a girl was born in the family, then the mother began to collect her dowry, which was in the chest. The girl coming to marry him took him into her husband's house.
Existed a large number of Curious traditions associated with the chest. Here is some of them:
- Girls could not have given her chest to someone, otherwise it was possible to stay with an old Virgin.
- During the carnival, it was impossible to open the chest. It was believed that this could be released on the will its wealth and good luck.
- Before marriage, the relatives of the bride sat down on the chest and demanded a redemption for the dowry.
Interesting names of public life
Many of us do not even suggest that the usual things that surround us in everyday life, once called quite differently. If a few minutes represent that we hit the distant past, then some objects of the people's life would remain unrecognized. We bring to your attention the name of some familiar to us:
Broom - Golik.
Chulad or small closed room were called a crate.
Place where large pets lived - a flock.
Towel - archer or womb.
The place where the washing hands are a handicraft.
Box where clothing was kept - chest.
Place for sleep - flavors.
Wooden bar with a short handle, designed for ironing in ancient - Rubel.
A large cup of drinks - Endov.
Folk items of Russia: Curious Facts
- The city of Tula is considered the birthday of Samovar. This subject was one of the favorite Russians, it was difficult to find the hut, in which he was not. Samovar was the subject of pride, he was bothering and was inherited.
- The first electric iron appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. Before that time there were cast iron irons in which the coals were folded or heated them for a long time Over the flame of the furnace. Keep them was very uncomfortable, they could weigh more than ten kilograms.
- One of the most prestigious items of the people's life was a patefophone. In the villages, it was possible to cow a cow.
- A large number of folk traditions and rites are connected with the table. Before the wedding of the bride and the bride must have had to get around the table, the newborn was applied around the table. These customs, on popular beliefs, symbolized a long and happy life.
- The strands appeared in Ancient Russia. They were made of wood: birch, limes, aspen. This subject gave the father of his daughter to the wedding. The spindles were taken to decorate and paint, so none of them did not like another.
- Objects of public life for children are rag homemade dolls, scrolls and wool, ratchet, clay whistles.
Housing decoration
The decor of the objects of public life included a carving of wood and artistic painting. Many things in the house were decorated with the hands of the owners: chests, spinders, dishes and more. The design and decor of the objects of the people's life concerned primarily and the heaven itself. It was not only for beauty, but also as a wubble of evil spirits and different troubles.
For home decoration, dolls made by their own hands were used. Each of them had its own purpose. One distilled unclean strength, the other brought peace and well-being, the third did not allow the strokes and scandals in the house.
Items that disappeared from everyday life
- Chest for clothing storage.
- Rubel for ironing.
- The shop is the object on which they were sitting.
- Samovar.
- Spread and spine.
- Gramophone.
- Cast iron iron.
A few words in conclusion
Studying the objects of popular life, we get acquainted with the life and customs of our distant ancestors. Russian oven, spread, samovar - without these things it is impossible to present Russian hut. They combined families, next to them and the mountain was easier to be moved, and any work aroused. Nowadays, the subjects of public life is given special attention. Buying a house or country cottage areaMany owners seek to acquire them with the stove.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Mezhdurechenskaya Secondary School
Work performed:
Student team 4 "in" class
MBOU Mezhdurechenskaya School
Leader: S.G. Pobirukhina
"Social project"
g.P. Mezhdurechensky
"The secrets of Babushkin
Attic "
1. Business card project ....... ............................................. p.2
The relevance of the topic chosen ............................................. ..str.3
Project Characteristics .................................................................. .. 2.
Methods of work ........................... .. ... ............... ... .................. p. 2.
Stages of work on the project ..................... ... ......................... ... p.3
Objective, tasks ...................................................................... p. 4
2. Content ................................................................................... .. p. 5
3. Used sources ... .. ... .. .................................................................................................................................................................................... eight
4. Appendix ........................................................................ p. 9
Business card project.
The relevance of the chosen theme:
Vintage things help better imagine the lives of those distant and not very distant times.
Why did we choose this project and called it "secrets of grandmother's attic"? Many vintage things are stored without needing in the storage rooms and in the attic of the houses where we had to go. And you imagine yourself in the attic of the old grandmother's house, where in the trendy trends and sinduki, the priceless treasures of your grandmothers and great-grandmothers are stored! Well, the eyes disagree and the hands will differ, so I want all this wealth to feel-turn-to see, understand the incomprehensible appointment. And such "caches" with old things are practically in every home.
Project Characteristics
By the nature of the dominant activity -research
According to the subject story area:the world
By number of participants:collective
By duration:long
Methods used in work:
problem-search,
research
technology cooperation
During the search for the necessary knowledge, our helpers were: books, photos, memories of relatives, family archives, library, Internet
Stages of work on the project
Preparatory (September)
the choice of theme and its concretization;
SEARCH
definition and analysis of the problem;
statement of the project.
ANALYTICAL
collecting and studying information;
drawing up a project plan
resource analysis.
PRACTICAL
execution of planned
making (if necessary) changes in design and technology.
Presentation
Preparation of presentation materials;
Project presentation;
Creative groups:
Researchers
historians
Purpose of work:
find out what we need antiquity objects, what are useful and important to a person used to have worked for the service "
Tasks:
Find ancient subjects
Ask relatives and loved ones about the appointment of these items
Compare vintage exhibits with modern
CONTENT.
Moreover, the past is valid.
And in the old beauty we find
Although new belonging.
(Vadim Shefner.)
It is ancient things that help better imagine the lives of those distant and not very distant times.
Why did we choose this project and called it "secrets of grandmother's attic"? Many vintage things are stored without needing in the storage rooms and in the attic of the houses where we had to go. And you imagine yourself in the attic of the old grandmother's house, where in the trendy trends and sinduki, the priceless treasures of your grandmothers and great-grandmothers are stored! Well, the eyes disagree and the hands will differ, so I want all this wealth to feel-turn-to see, understand the incomprehensible appointment. And such "caches with old things are practically in every home.
During the work, we got the opportunity to understand how the thing changes with time. New inventions make the lives of people more comfortable and comfortable, we learned the story of things: what did they look many years ago? How did they serve people? Why was it decided to improve them over the years? We were looking for an answer to the question: what can the ordinary thing from the past can tell about.
For this, we compared what the old thing looked like and how does she look like in our days? How was it improved over time? With some copies you can get to know our little exhibition.
For example, we learned how our grandmothers in his youth started a gramophone and danced. Each plate has its own story. From the Internet, we learned a lot of new and interesting about the history of records and devices on which they were lossed. There were the facts that we were very surprised. For example, in the middle of the twentieth century in our country, they were not allowed to produce records with the songs of many foreign singers, so these records did underground. Of course, modern discs, laser players, much more convenient to the records. But I think that you have to keep these old plates, because it is a story, it is a memory.
Another interesting thing is Rubel. This is the subject of the consideration of the Russian people. We used when there was no iron. The pipelies were different. Cordless Rubel for washing (they were dying dirty water. The pipels transverse ribs were for ironing clothes from solid materials, and For soft tissues there was a flat rubel.
Then irons appeared that heated coals, such an iron you can see in our small museum. The iron opened on top and coals fell asleep inside. In the side walls there were holes for improving traction. It was a hard lesson - to stroke such an iron. With the advent of electricity, the irons have been improved. Now it is much easier, can automatically turn on and disconnect, there are steam.
Here our great-grandmothers and grandmothers worked on such accounts. They are called Russian. Until the 70s, the 20th century, the scores were the main computing device. And now - calculators, computers.
When students of other classes visited our exhibition, it turned out that they were not everyone knows the purpose of the filmoskop. And it is intended for viewing through the Lupa Films with fairy tales. This device later improved, and the films watched on a wall hanging white sheet. Now we use digital discs to view cartoons.
See how paper money looked. They were different sizes. But what we learned from the history of a penny.
A few years ago, you could buy any product for a penny: the boxes of matches, an eraser, a school notebook in 12 sheets, drink mineral water in the machine.
Now for all for it will be asked much more. Although this coin is now not in a special course, you hear it often.
In the cities there are shops with a lot of promising sign "Kopeika", but you will not find the goods on the meaningful.
In the online store Ice Cream pack "48 kopecks" you do not buy for 48 kopecks, it costs more than 20 rubles.
And this photo told a lot about people from the past and helped to imagine how pictures looked before. As well as how our relatives looked in those distant times. This is the album of the roads as a memory. There are such photos in many families.
Vintage books always carry some kind of riddle. In our museum there is a 1939 book. She is 73 years old.
Output:
Thanks to this project, all participants looked differently to the things around them. Each subject has its own unique story!
May 18 - Museums Day. And we suggest creating a museum on the website of our school. Where to put the material on the topic we talked about today. As well as
materials of previous projects on topics: children of the Kondinsky district during the war, "Mezhdurechensky from the past - to the future", "graduates - medalists", "Veterans of the Great Patriotic War", Pioneer organization and others. Systematize them on topics. We believe that the materials will be in demand.
List of sources used:
Tutorial The world", 4th grade, part 1
http://www.profistart.ru/ps/blog/29759.html
Family Family Students Class
Appendix (presentation)
