An insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste, a method for obtaining it and a method of disposal of solid household waste. Material for intermediate isolation of compacted layers of solid household waste at the polygon Calculation of the insulating layer of soil shaft
The group of inventions relates to the field of protection ambient and can be applied in repeated use of burial sites of solid household waste (MSW). The insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste - contains ash solid waste from heat treatment of solid household waste and waste gas cleaning of heat treatment of solid household waste, soil in a mass ratio is preferable to 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5. The mixture is preferably humidity 30-60 wt.%. The method of obtaining it is that stirring of zolothelah waste of heat treatment of solid household waste with humidity of not more than 30 wt.% With the soil moisture, no more than 60 wt.% To obtain a homogeneous mass. From the resulting mass form two shafts with a height of 50 cm to 100 cm and placed with a gap relative to each other with perpendicular orientation relative to the predominant direction of the wind. Put in the above gap with a minimally low pressure of gas cleaning waste from thermal processing of MSW with humidity of not more than 30 wt.%. Next, the formed mass is stirred and the mixing of all components is carried out until a homogeneous mass with a humidity of 30-60 wt.%. At all stages of preparation, the moisture content of the mass produced is carried out. The resulting homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture contains golden waste, gas purification waste, soil in the above mass ratio. The method of disposal of solid household waste on TBW polygons includes layers of waste and insulating layers of an insulating mixture. In this case, an insulating mixture containing ash-slate waste, gas cleaning waste and soil in the above mass ratio are used. Technical result: Obtaining an insulating mixture with characteristics that make it possible to increase the efficiency of its use, reducing the time of the process of obtaining a mixture, reduce the harmful effects on the environment during the production of solid waste disposal. 3N. and 4 zp F-lies, 5 yl.
Pictures to Patent Patent 2396131
This group of inventions relates to the field of environmental protection, namely, an insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste, a method for obtaining it, as well as a method of burial solid waste, in particular, domestic, industrial, on polygons of MSW using the specified mixture and can be applied in repeated use of the burial sites of solid household waste (MSW).
Known isolating mixes for polygons of solid household waste and methods for their preparation (RU 2059034, 1996, RU 2162068, 2001, RU 2006130 451, 2006, RU 227882, 2006). Also known methods of disposal (neutralization) of solid household waste on polygons (RU 2006109 899, 2007, RU 1792350, 1991, RU 2247610, 2005, RU 2014164, 1994).
In this case, these mixtures are characterized by multicomponential and, as a result, the complexity of their receipt. The described methods for neutralizing solid household waste on polygons are characterized by the complexity of technology.
Close to the proposed insulating mixture is an insulating mixture, which is a soil and used in the method of neutralizing solid household waste on polygons (MSW) using layer-by-layer waste with insulating layers (RU 2330733, 2008).
However, over time, a shrinkage of the specified mixture occurs. The latter leads to such a consequence as the ignition of solid household waste. In addition, the low efficiency of the use of the soil is related to the fact that the latter has a high filtration coefficient, which leads, in particular, to groundwater contamination.
The objective of the invention is to create an insulating mixture that improves the reliability of isolation and disposal of waste corresponding to environmental protection and sanitary standards.
The task is solved by the creation of an insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste - MBO containing soil and additionally containing ash-slack waste from heat treatment of solid household waste and gas cleaning waste from thermal processing of solid household waste.
Preferably, the insulating mixture contains gosze-slave waste, gas cleaning waste and ground in a mass ratio, equal, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5, while the mixture has a humidity of 30- 60 wt.%.
The technical result lies in the fact that the described insulating mixture is not prone to shrinkage, and also ensures the prevention of fire and initiation of the explosion of solid household waste at the landfill.
More close to the method of obtaining an insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste is a way of patent RU 2271882, 2006.
The specified insulating mixture contains clay, spent lime material and oil sludge with the following content of components, wt.%: Clay 10-60, spent limestone 15-40, oil slurry 25-40.
A well-known method for obtaining an insulating mixture is carried out as follows.
The oils of the bulldozer are mixed with clay in various proportions, stored and left for 30-40 days to adsorb the oil portion of petrochelms in the pores of the clay. After 30-40 days, the resulting mixture (clay + oil lodges) is additionally mixed with a spent limestone material (chemge of chemical production or precipitated lime haired).
The disadvantage of the method is insufficiently high efficiency, including a significant duration of the process of adsorption of the oil portion of petrochelms in the pores of the clay, which is at least 30 days.
The object of the invention in terms of the method of obtaining an insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste is to reduce the cost of time on the process of forming a mixture that ensures increased reliability of isolation and disposal of waste corresponding to environmental and sanitary standards.
The task is achieved by the described method of obtaining an insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste - MBOs, which are stirred for gilded waste from heat treatment of solid household waste with humidity of no more than 30 wt.% With soil moisture, no more than 60 wt.% Prior to receipt The homogeneous mass, then the resulting mass form two shafts with a height of 50 cm to 100 cm and placed with a gap relative to each other, after which they are submitted to the gap with a minimum low pressure of gas cleaning waste from heat treatment of solid household waste with humidity of no more than 30 wt %, After filling the gap, they heat the formed mass and make mixing of all components to obtain a homogeneous mass of an insulating mixture with a humidity of 30-60 wt.%, At the same time, at all stages of preparation, the moisture content of the formed masses is carried out to maintain its values \u200b\u200bin the above interval.
In this case, preferably shafts are placed with perpendicular orientation relative to the predominant direction of the wind.
Preferably, the obtained homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture contains gosze-slave waste, gas cleaning waste, soil in a mass ratio, equal, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5.
The technical result achieved in this case is to reduce the cost of time to create an effective mixture.
Close to the described method of burial of solid household waste on TBB polygons is the method according to Patent RU 2330733, 2008.
This method includes the preparation of the base of the polygon, the device of the enclosing structures, the construction of an anti-filtering screen, the drainage system for collecting and cleaning the filtrate, as well as a gas selection system, layer-by-layer waste with soaked insulating layers, arrangement of an insulating surface coating of the formed polygon.
The territory of the landfill is divided into work sections in an amount of at least three. Each section of the polygon is formed independent of the rest. Filling by waste each subsequent section is starting at the end of the completion of the previous one.
Extraction and processing of waste from the area of \u200b\u200bthe first completed section and prepare it to refill are performed during the filling of the late section by waste, then on the prepared area of \u200b\u200bthe first section, the waste is re-placed, at the same time performing the extraction and processing of waste sections with the preparation of it to repeatedly fill, after What the cycle is repeated in the sequence of initial filling sections. The ratio between the average duration of the completion of one section and the number of sections are found according to mathematical dependence.
The disadvantages of the method are to be in its multistage and low degree of isolation due to use as insulating layers of soil, which is known, low operational characteristics.
The objective of the invention in terms of the method of burial of solid household waste at TBW polygons is to create a refractory method that improves the reliability of isolation and disposal of waste corresponding to environmental and sanitary standards in its simplification.
The problem is achieved by the described method of burial of solid household waste at TBB polygons by layer-by-layer placement of waste and insulating layers of an insulating mixture containing the soil in which the mixture containing additionally greaselate waste from heat treatment of solid household waste and gas purification waste is used as an insulating mixture. From heat treatment of solid household waste.
It is preferable to use an insulating mixture comprising gold-skolone waste, gas cleaning waste and ground in a mass ratio, equal, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5, while the mixture has a humidity. 30-60 wt.%
The essence of the described group of inventions is illustrated by FIGS. 1-5, on which the production of an insulating mixture for TBB polygons is schematically represented, and the following example illustrating, but not limiting the invention.
The initial raw material for the preparation of an insulating mixture is greaselawic waste from thermal processing of MBC and gas cleaning waste from thermal processing of MSW. As an additional diluting material, soil (soil) is used, including dumping.
Used in the preparation of a mixture of zolothelah waste of heat treatment of solid household waste and waste of gas cleaning of heat treatment of solid household waste are obtained as follows.
Solid household waste is incinerated in boiler chambers of the boilers. Gidland waste of heat treatment of solid household waste is a mixture of slag formed in the furnace chamber, and the smelting of ash, which is worn with smoke gases and is separated from the latter in the convective zone of the boiler.
Gas cleaning waste is waste purification of flue gases formed when burning solid household waste. In this case, flue gases are semi-dry cleaning on the installation consisting of an absorber and a sleeve filter.
Assessed in the preparation of greaselate waste and gas cleaning waste have the following characteristics: humidity - no more than 30 wt.%, Fractional composition is preferably no more than 100 mm, radiation background, not exceeding natural.
The used soil (soil) has the following characteristics: the radiation background does not exceed natural, according to sanitary and epidemiological indicators, complies with the requirements for the quality of soil territories, humidity - no more than 60 wt.%, Fractional composition is preferably no more than 250 mm.
The process of preparing an insulating mixture is based on mixing greaselawic waste and gas cleaning waste from heat treatment of MSW with soil (soil), including dismissed, is carried out by the technology below.
In this example, a mass ratio is used as a massive ratio: gas cleaning waste: soil, equal, respectively, 2.0: 5.0: 10.0.
The process is carried out on a specially selected area.
The preparation of the mixture consists of two stages.
In the 1st stage, the production site is brought and unloaded alternately soil (soil) and "zero-shine waste from thermal processing of TWW" (FIG. 1). Next, with the help of tractor equipment, stirring is carried out to obtain a homogeneous mass. Due to the humidity of "zero-shine waste from heat treatment of MSW" and dryness, uniform mixing of components occurs.
After stirring, the tractor is formed by two shafts with a height of 50 cm to 100 cm from mixed components with a small space, i.e. Gap between them. Shapers are preferably oriented with respect to the prevailing wind so that the direction of wind movement is perpendicular to the direction of the shafts (Fig. 2).
At the 2nd stage, the "gas purification waste from thermal treatment of TBO" is supplied from the semi-trailer tanks by a sleeve hose with a diameter of 100 mm at an extremely low pressure into the space (gap) between two shafts (Figure 3). The use of low pressure prevents the formation of a dust cloud.
In the production process, water is moistened by water "waste gas cleaning waste from thermal processing of MSW" to prevent dusting. When moisturizing, the moisture of the mixture is measured to eliminate its overvoltage.
The humidity of the mixture of the soil and "zero-shine waste from thermal processing of the TWW" contributes to the sticking of dust on "ash-timing waste from thermal processing of the TWW". There is an absorption of the "waste of gas purification from thermal processing of MBO" moisture from "zolotochet waste from thermal processing of TWW".
As the space fills, the sleeve hose is moved to the unfilled side and the tractor is storming both shafts and "waste of gas cleaning from thermal processing of TWW" (FIG. 4). Next, we mix the tractor to all components to a homogeneous mass. At the same time, operational control of the moisture content of the mixture is carried out.
The finished insulating mixture is collected by the tractor for the convenience of loading (figure 5).
To control the quality of the resulting insulating mixture, the samples and transportation of the samples are carried out in accordance with the joint venture 2.1.7.1386-03 "Determination of the class of hazard of toxic waste production and consumption" section 3.
The generated insulating mixture for TBB polygons is loaded in dump trucks and deliver to the consumer to the storage area of \u200b\u200bMSW. The production of the mixture takes about two hours.
The resulting insulating mixture has the following characteristics:
hazard class for the environment - 5;
hazard class for human health - 4;
humidity - from 30 to 60 wt.%;
color - gray-brown, with a dark brownish shade; It is well pressed, not explosive.
The described method of disposal of solid household waste on TBB polygons is carried out by layering waste and insulating layers.
Determine the work card section, not covered with an insulating mixture. Fresh reservoir of waste MSW is tumped by polygon technique to a layer thickness preferably 2 m. Next by dump trucks, the insulating mixture is delivered to the rammed area. The mixture is evenly resurrected by the tractor technique along the selected area. After reclamation, the insulating layer is tamped by a polygon technique to a thickness preferably 25 cm. On top of the rammed insulating layer, new waste is delivered to the polygon technique. As the waste is accumulated, it is preferably tightened to the layer thickness of the layer, preferably 2 m. Next, the insulating mixture is delivered to the rammed area and the cycle is repeated. When providing a seal of TWW 3.5 times, a decrease in the thickness of the insulating layer to 15 cm is longer allowed. "Insulating mixture for TBB polygons" is used as an insulating material for TWW polygons as an intermediate insulating layer at a TWB polygon in accordance with the SP 2.1.7.1038 -01 "Hygienic requirements for the device and maintenance of polygons for solid household waste" and "Instructions for the design, operation and recultivation of polygons for solid household waste", approved by the Ministry of Economic of Russia 02.11.96, agreed with the State Committee for State Committee of Russia 10.06.96 No. 01-8 / 1711.
The effect of the production of insulating mixture for TBB polygons according to the described environment on the environment is minimized, in particular, for the following reasons:
Production is placed on the landfill, on an insulated platform;
The need to use containers;
The need to use raw materials accommodation warehouses (components) of an insulating mixture;
Protection against blown by the wind of raw materials (components of the mixture) due to the natural humidity of the mixture, the creation of barriers (shafts during production) and moisturizing raw materials during the production process.
Thus, the described group of inventions makes it possible to create an effective insulating mixture for the burial of solid household waste on TBM polygons, reduce the time of the process of obtaining an insulating mixture, at least up to two hours, reduce the harmful effects on the environment during the production of solid waste disposal TWW polygons using the above insulating mixture.
CLAIM
1. Insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste (MSW) containing a soil, characterized in that it further comprises gilded waste from heat treatment of solid household waste and waste gas cleaning from heat treatment of solid household waste.
2. The insulating mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains ash-slate waste, gas cleaning waste and ground in a mass ratio, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5, At the same time, the mixture has a humidity of 30-60 wt.%.
3. The method of obtaining an insulating mixture for polygons of solid household waste (MSW), which consists in the fact that stirring of ashlake waste from heat treatment of solid household waste with humidity of not more than 30 wt.% With a soil moisture, no more than 60 wt.% Before receiving a homogeneous The masses, then two shafts from 50 to 100 cm high from the resulting mass and placed with a gap relative to each other, after which they flow into the gap with a minimally low pressure of gas cleaning waste from heat treatment of solid household waste with humidity of no more than 30 wt.% After filling the gap, the formed mass is stirred and the mixing of all components is made to obtain a homogeneous mass of an insulating mixture with a humidity of 30-60 wt.%, At the same time, at all stages of preparation, the moisture content of the formed masses is carried out to maintain its values \u200b\u200bin the above interval.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the shafts are placed with perpendicular orientation relative to the prevailing direction of the wind.
5. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the resulting homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture contains gider waste, gas cleaning waste, soil in a mass ratio, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10 ,five.
6. Method for the burial of solid household waste on TBB polygons by layer-by-layer placing waste and insulating layers of an insulating mixture containing a soil, characterized in that a mixture is used as an insulating mixture, which contains additionally greaselawed waste from thermal processing of solid household waste and gas cleaning waste from thermal processing solid household waste.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the insulating mixture containing ash-slate waste, waste gas cleaning and soil in a mass ratio, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10, 5, while the mixture has a humidity of 30-60 wt.%.
Registration N 2826.
2.1.7. Soil, cleaning of settlements, waste production and consumption, sanitary protection of the soil
Sanitary rules SP 2.1.7.1038-01
"Hygienic requirements for the device and content of polygons for solid household waste"
(appliance. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of May 30, 2001 N 16)
1 area of \u200b\u200buse
1.1. These sanitary rules are developed on the basis of the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" (Meeting of the Legislation Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, Art. , N 31, Article 3295), and establish hygienic requirements for the device, content and operation of polygons for solid household waste.
1.2. The requirements of this Rules are mandatory for compliance with citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entitieswhose activities are associated with the design and operation of polygons for solid household waste.
1.3. State sanitary and epidemiological control over compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation in accordance with applicable law.
2. General provisions
2.1. Polygons of solid household waste (MSW) are special structures intended for isolation and disposal of MSW, and should guarantee the sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population. The polygons ensures the static stability of the MSW, taking into account the dynamics of seals, mineralization, gas dividing, maximum load per unit area, the possibility of subsequent rational use of the site after the closure of the polygons. Polygons can be organized for any largest settlements. It is recommended to create centralized polygons for groups of settlements.
2.2. The selected area for the device of the landfill should have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance with its sanitary regulations.
2.3. The organization operating the landfill is developed by the regulations and the operation of the landfill, the instructions for receiving household waste, taking into account the requirements of production sanitation for working at the landfill, ensures control over the composition of incoming waste, there are round-the-clock consideration of incoming waste, the distribution of waste in the working part of the landfill is carried out. The technological cycle is provided on waste isolation.
2.4. Wastes from residential buildings, public buildings and institutions, trade, catering, street, Outdoor, Gardening, are accepted for solid household waste polygs. construction garbage And some types of solid industrial waste 3- 4 classes of danger, as well as non-hazardous waste, the class of which is established by experimental methods. The list of such waste is coordinated with the Center for GosanaPidnadzor in the territory (hereinafter referred to as territorial CGSAEN).
2.5. Neutralization of solid, liquid and pasty waste with radioactivity is carried out on special polygons organized in accordance with the main sanitary rules Radiation security.
2.6. The burial and neutralization of solid, pasty waste of industrial enterprises (1- 2 grams of danger), which contain toxic substances, heavy metals, and combustible and explosive waste, should be carried out on polygons organized in accordance with the sanitary rules on the procedure for accumulation, transportation, transportation, Dehydration and disposal of toxic industrial waste.
2.7. The reception of the corpses of fallen animals, confiscates of the beanery of meat processing plants on the polygons of solid household waste is not allowed.
2.8. The polygons of solid household waste carry out solid waste of therapeutic and preventive institutions (LPU) in accordance with the rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste of therapeutic and preventive institutions.
2.9. Polygons are not allowed to collect secondary raw materials directly from garbage vehicles. Sorting and selective waste collection are allowed when compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements.
2.10. Territorial TSGSEN carries out sanitary supervision of the device and operation of polygons in accordance with the annual work schedules, guided by these Rules, as well as by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation hygienic standards (MPC) for chemicals in the soil and evaluative indicators of the soil sanitary condition; It makes conclusion about the use of the territory of the former landfill.
3. Hygienic requirements for the placement of polygons of solid household waste
3.1. When choosing a plot for a device of a TWW polygon, climatogeographic and soil features, geological and hydrological conditions of terrain should be taken into account. Polygons are not allowed on the territory of sanitary protection zones of water sources and mineral sources; in all areas of resorts; in the locations on the surface of fractured breeds; In places of seduction of aquifers, as well as in the field of mass recreation of the population and recreational institutions.
3.2. The size of the sanitary protective area from the residential building to the boundaries of the polygon 500 m. In addition, the size of the sanitary and protective zone can be refined when calculating gaseous emissions into the atmosphere. The boundaries of the zone are installed on an isolated MPC, if it comes out of the regulatory zone. Reducing the sanitary and protective zone is carried out in the prescribed manner. At the site scheduled to accommodate the landfill for household waste, sanitary surveys are carried out, geological and hydrological surveys. We promising are places where clay or heavy loams are revealed, and the groundwater is at a depth of more than 2 m. Not used under the polygons of swamps in a depth of more than 1 m and sections with groundwater outputs in the form of keys. It is advisable to choose areas for the polygons, taking into account the presence in the sanitary and protective zone of green plantings and land embankments.
3.3. The site for the device of the TWW polygon must be discharged in accordance with the approved general plan or project planning and building of the city and its suburban zone. A polygon for solid household waste is desirable to be placed on an equal territory, excluding the possibility of flushing precipitate, part of waste and contamination by them adjacent land areas and open reservoirs, close # located settlements. It is allowed to remove the land plot under the TWW polygons on the territory of the ravines, starting with its supports, which makes it possible to ensure the collection and removal of melting and stormwater by means of a device of intercepting nagorn channels to remove these waters into open reservoirs.
3.4. Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance with the hygienic requirements of the selected section for the device of the TBM polygons issues the territorial CGSAN.
3.5. The polygon consists of two interrelated territorial parts: the territory occupied by the warehousing of MSW, and the territory for the placement of household objects.
3.6. The device of the TWW polygons should be carried out in accordance with the established procedure for the design, operation and recultivation of polygons for solid household waste.
3.7. In the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe storage area, the device is provided for the purpose of obtaining the soil for the intermediate and final isolation of the compacted MBO. The soil from the kittlers is stored in dumps around the perimeter of the landfill.
3.8. Taking into account the volume of annual precipitation, the evaporation ability of soils and humidity of stored TBW, the possibility of formation in their thicker liquid phase is taken into account - filtrate.
3.9. For polygons taking less than 120 thousand m3 MPS per year, a trench warehouse scheme is recommended. Trenches are arranged perpendicular to the direction of dominant winds, which prevents the separation of MSW. The soil obtained from the riveting of trenches is used for their backfill after filling the MSW.
3.10. Base (bottom) of trenches in climatic zoneswhere the formation of the filtrate is possible, it must be no less than 0.5 m betented into clay soils.
3.11. The length of one trench should be arranged with the time of filling trenches:
a) during temperatures above 0 ° C for 1 to 2 months;
b) during the temperature period below 0 ° C - for the entire period of the freezing of soils.
3.12. The storage of MSW in water on the swampy and flooded water plots is not allowed. Prior to the use of such sites under the TWW polygon, the befelling of inert materials to height should be arranged, exceeding the maximum level of surface or flood waters on 1 m. When submitted, a water belief screen is satisfied. In the presence of groundwater at a depth of less than 1 m, an insulating layer with a preliminary drainage of the soil is applied to the surface.
4. Hygienic requirements for the device economic zone Polygon Tboy
4.1. The shopping area is arranged to accommodate a production and domestic building for personnel, a garage or a canopy for the placement of machines and mechanisms. For personnel, it is envisaged to provide drinking and household water in the required quantity, a room for meals, a toilet.
4.2. The territory of the economic zone is concreted or asphalted, illuminated, has a slight fence.
4.3. At the request of the territorial TSGSEN on the departure from the landfill, a monitoring and disinfectant installation with a concrete bath for the driving part of the garbage trucks, using effective deessessions allowed by the Ministry of Health of Russia is envisaged. Bath sizes should ensure the processing of the chassis of garbage trucks.
4.4. On the perimeter of the entire territory of the landfill, a slight fence is settled. Fencing can replace the drainage trench of a depth of more than 2 m or a shaft of a height of no more than 2 m. The barrier has a barrier at the production and domestic building.
4.5. The minimum illumination of the operating cards of the first stage is taken 5 suites.
4.6. In coordination with the hydrogeological service and territorial TSGSEN, control wells are arranged in the green zone of the landfill. One control well is laid above the groundwater (control) polygon (control), 1- 2 wells below the landfill for taking into account the effect of storage of MSW on groundwater.
4.7. Entrances for vehicles and tanks for waterproofing or pumping water before taking samples are arranged to facilities for the quality control of groundwater and surface water.
5. Hygienic requirements for operating polygons of MSW and their conservation
5.1. WHO warehousing is allowed only on the working card and in accordance with the instructions for the design, operation and recultivation of polygons for solid household waste. Intermediate or final isolation of the compacted layer of MBO is carried out in the summer period daily, at a temperature of + 5 ° C - no later than three days since the storage of MSW.
5.2. IN winter, due to the complexity of the development of the soil as an insulating material, you can use slags, construction waste, broken brick, lime, chalk, plaster, wood, glass, concrete, ceramic tiles, plaster, asphalt concrete, soda, etc. The same materials can be used And in the summer.
5.3. Portable mesh fencing are installed as close as possible to the place of discharge and warehouse of MSW, perpendicular to the direction of the dominant winds, to delay the lungs of waste fractions that are sprinkled during the unloading of MOST from the garbage trucks and moving by bulldozers to the working map.
5.4. Regularly, at least once in shift, waste detained by portable shields is collected and placed on the surface of the working card, we are sealing from above the insulating layer of soil.
5.5. Mountain intercepting floors, removing ground and surface drains into open reservoirs are regularly subject to cleaning from the garbage.
5.6. Once a ten days, the forces of the service personnel of the landfill and special vehicles are inspected by the territory of the sanitary protection zone and the adjacent lands to the access road, and in the event of pollution, they are careful cleaning and garbage delivery on the work cards of the landfill.
5.7. In the territory of the landfill, the combustion is not allowed, and measures must be taken to inadmissibility of self-burning MSW.
5.8. The closure of the landfill is carried out after sinking it to the above height. On polygons, the service life of which is less than five years, is allowed to dull in the process by 10%, exceeding the provided vertical mark, taking into account the subsequent shrinkage.
5.9. The last layer of waste before closing the polygon is overlapped with a finally outer insulating layer of soil.
5.10. The device of the upper insulating layer of the polygon is determined by the provided conditions for its subsequent use when the polygon is closed.
5.11. Areas used to create a forest park complex in the suburban agricultural system, as a slide for skiing or viewing sites for terrain review, have an outer layer thickness of at least 0.6 m.
5.12. To protect against the weathered or washing of the soil from the slopes of the polygon, it is necessary to lands them in the form of terraces immediately after laying the outer insulating layer. The choice of trees and shrubs is determined by local conditions.
5.13. When using the territory of the former polygon TBE under the open warehouses of the non-oxide destination, the thickness of the upper insulating layer should be at least 1.5 m. The upper layer of waste to their shelter isolation must be compacted especially carefully and evenly.
5.14. Using the territory of the recultivated polygon under capital construction is not allowed.
6. Production control of the operation of the TBB polygon
6.1. CONTROL ON WASHING MANAGE ON POLGEMS TWW in accordance with the approved instructions is carried out by the Laboratory Service of the Organization, which serves a landfill.
6.2. The laboratory service systematically controls according to the approved graphics fractional, morphological and chemical composition of waste entering the landfill.
6.3. Based on these sanitary rules (in accordance with clause 2.3), the organization serving the landfill is developing instructions for industrial sanitation for personnel engaged in ensuring the work of the enterprise. This instruction is coordinated with the territorial CGSAN.
6.4. For the landfill, a special program (plan) of production control is developed, providing: control over the state of underground and surface water objects, atmospheric air, soil, noise levels in the zone of the possible adverse effect of the landfill.
6.5. Technological processes should ensure the prevention of pollution of soil and surface water, atmospheric air, soil, exceeding noise levels above the permissible limits set in hygienic standards.
The program (plan) of production control of the TBB polygon is developed by the landfill owner in accordance with the sanitary regulations for industrial control over compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements.
6.6. The production control system should include devices and structures for controlling the state of underground and surface water, atmospheric air, soil, noise levels in the zone of the possible influence of the polygon.
6.7. In agreement with the territorial CGSAN and other controlled bodies, control over the state of groundwater is monitored, depending on the depth of their occurrence, shurts, wells or wells in the green zone of the landfill and outside the sanitary protection zone of the landfill are designed. The control facility is laid above the polygon in the flow of groundwater in order to select water samples on which there is no effect of the filtrate from the landfill.
Above the polygon on surface water sources and below the polygon on drainage channels is also designed for surface water sampling.
In the selected samples of soil and surface water, the content of ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, hydrocarbonates, calcium, chlorides, iron, sulfates, lithium, COD, BPK, organic carbon, pH, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, cyanides, lead, mercury, arsenic, Copper, barium, dry residue, also samples are investigated on gelminthological and bacteriological indicators. If in the samples taken below the flow, a significant increase in the concentrations of the determined substances is established compared to the control, it is necessary, in coordination with the controlling authorities, to expand the amount of definable indicators, and in cases where the content of the determined substances exceeds the MPC, it is necessary to take measures to limit admission Pollutants in groundwater to the MPC.
6.8. The production control system should include continuous monitoring of the air condition. For these purposes, it is necessary to perform atmospheric air tests quarterly over the spent areas of the landfill and at the border of the sanitary protection zone on the content of compounds characterizing the process of biochemical decomposition of MSW and representing the greatest danger. The volume of the determined indicators and the frequency of samples are substantiated in the project of production control of the polygons and are coordinated with the regulatory authorities. Usually, when analyzing the samples of atmospheric air, methane, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, benzene, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene are determined.
In the event of an atmosphere pollution above, the NDC on the border of the sanitary protection zone and the above MPC in the working area should be taken appropriate measures that take into account the nature and level of pollution.
6.9. The production control system should include continuous monitoring of the soil state in the zone of the possible effect of the landfill. For this purpose, the quality of the soil is controlled by chemical, microbiological, radiological indicators. Of the chemical indicators, the content of heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, hydrocarbonates, organic carbon, pH, cyanides, lead, mercury, arsenic are investigated. As microbiological indicators are investigated: a common bacterial number, a titer, a proto titer, helminth eggs. The number of chemical and microbiological indicators can be expanded only at the request of the territorial CGSAN.
7. Hygienic demands for waste used in reclamation of quarries
7.1 Worked careers, artificially created cavities are collections of polluted stormwater and wastewater. In order to return this territory to a state suitable for economic use, Recultivation is produced.
7.2. A fold of quarries and other artificially created cavities using inert waste, MSW and industrial 3 - 4 hazard classes are allowed. When using any kinds of waste, their morphological and physico-chemical composition should be determined. Total amount food waste should not exceed 15 percent. The base for waste disposal should meet the requirements of the established procedure for the design, operation and recultivation of polygons for solid waste.
7.3. The size of the sanitary protection zone for the rechargeable career is taken to be equal to the size of the sanitary protection zone for TWW garbage stations and should be at least 100 meters from the nearest residential building. The rechargeable quarry should have a light fence and temporary household facilities to ensure work.
7.4. Territorial TSGSEN carries out sanitary supervision of work in reclamation of quarries in accordance with these sanitary rules.
8. Hygienic requirements for the conditions for the reception of industrial waste on the polygons of solid household waste
8.1. The underlying condition for the possibility of receiving industrial waste to the polygons of solid household waste - compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements for the protection of atmospheric air, soil, ground and surface water.
The main sanitary condition is the requirement of non-testing of the toxicity of the mixture of industrial waste with household compared to the toxicity of household waste according to the analysis of water extract.
8.2. Industrial waste of hazards made without restrictions in quantitative terms and used as an insulating material are characterized by an aqueous exhaust content (1 l of water for 1 kg of waste) toxic substances at the filter level of solid household waste (MSW), and by integrating indicators - the biochemical need for oxygen (BPK_LOPN) and the chemical need for oxygen (COD) - not higher than 300 mg / l, have a homogeneous structure with a fraction size of less than 250 mm.
8.3. Industrial waste 4 and 3 hazard classes taken in limited quantities (no more than 30% of the mass of solid household waste) and stored together with household, are characterized by a containment in the aqueous extract for toxic substances at the filtrate level from TBC and the BPK_20 and COD values \u200b\u200bof 3400-5000 mg / L o2.
8.4. The question of the number of these waste taken to the polygon of solid household waste is solved by the organization of the operating polygon, in coordination with the territorial CGSAN and is approved in the prescribed manner. Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the joint storage and disposal of industrial waste and TWW is issued by territorial CGSAN based on analyzes of laboratories accredited (certified) in the prescribed manner.
8.5. The organization under which there is a polygon of solid household waste, provides safe in sanitary-hygienic terms and disposal of waste.
Initial data. Settlement lifetime T \u003d 20 years. Annual specific rate of accumulation of MSW, taking into account residential buildings and non-industrial objects for the year of design Y 1 \u003d 1.1 m 3 / person / year. The number of people served for the year of design H 1 \u003d 250 thousand people is predicted after 20 years, taking into account the closemost settlements of H 2 \u003d 350 thousand people. The storage height of MSW, previously agreed with architectural and planning control, H p \u003d 40 m.
1. Calculation of the designed capacity of the TBB polygon.
The capacity of the ET polygon for the estimated period is determined by the formula:
where Y 1 and Y 2 are specific annual standards for the accumulation of MSW in volume on the 1st and last years of operation, M 3 / person / year;
H 1 and H 2 - the number of people serviced by the Polygon in the 1st and last years of operation, people;
T - the calculated life of the landfill, year;
K 1 is a coefficient that takes into account the seal of MSW during the operation of the polygon for the entire T;
K 2 is a coefficient that takes into account the volume of external insulating layers of soils (intermediate and final).
Determine the parameters that are missing in the source data. The specific annual rate of accumulation of MSW in terms of the 2nd year of operation is determined from the terms of the annual growth of it by volume by 3% (the average value of 3-5%).
m 3 / cell.
The K 1 coefficient, which takes into account the seal of MSW during the operation of the landfill for the entire period T (if T \u003d 15 years), accept according to Table 6, taking into account the use for a bulldozer seal, 14 T: k 1 \u003d 4.
The coefficient K 2, which takes into account the volume of insulating grounds of the soil, depending on the total height, accept the Table 9 K 2 \u003d 1.18.
The projected capacity of the polygon ET will be:
E T \u003d (1.1 + 1.99) (250000 + 350000) x20x1,18 (4,4) \u003d 2734650 m 3
2. Calculation of the required area of \u200b\u200bthe land plot of the landfill.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe storage area of \u200b\u200bthe TWW will be:
Fu.S. \u003d 3x2734650: 40 \u003d 205099 m 2 \u003d 20.5 hectares,
3 - coefficient taking into account the imposition of external slopes 1; four;
40 - Height of NP.
Table 8 *
* The numbering of the tables corresponds to the original.
Note. The value to 1 is given in compliance with the layer-by-layer seal of MSW, sedimentation for at least 5 years and the density of TBO in the places of collection p 1 \u003d 200 kg / m 3.
Table 9.
Note: 1. When providing works on intermediate and final isolation, completely due to the soil developed at the base of the polygon, to 2 \u003d 1.
2. In Table 9, the layer of intermediate isolation was taken 0.25 m. When applying KM-305 rolves is allowed by a layer of intermediate insulation 0.15 m.
The required area of \u200b\u200bthe landfill will be:
,
(2)
where 1.1 is a coefficient that takes into account the strip around the storage area;
F. Dop - area of \u200b\u200bthe household zone and sink of containers
F \u003d 1.1х20,5 + 1.0 \u003d 23.6 hectares.
3. Calculation of the actual capacity of the landfill.
The polygon is designed on a flat relief. The actual area of \u200b\u200bthe site was 22.3 hectares, including actually under the polygon 21.7 and 0.6 hectares under the driveway from the highway with a length of 0.5 km. The soil at the base of the landfill is 2 M of depths consists of light loams, then heavy loams, groundwater at a depth of 3.5 m.
The decision is made to fully ensure the needs in the ground for intermediate and final outdoor isolation due to the digging of the pit at the base of the landfill.
The real storage area of \u200b\u200bMSW in the project has a rectangular shape with a length of 440 m, 400 m wide (Fig.18). All sizes in Fig.18 are indicated in m.
Fig.18. Plan and incision of the high-loaded polygon on a flat relief
a - plan; b - incision on aa; I-V - queues of construction and operation of the landfill;
1 - the cavalier of the soil; 2 - polygon border; 3 - the boundary of the storage area of \u200b\u200bMBO;
4 - temporary road on the storage area; 5 - border of operating queues;
6 - an existing motorway; 7 - access road; 8 - economic zone;
9 - upper insulating layer; 10 - Kotlovan at the base of the landfill
The height of the polygon H is determined from the condition for the investment of external slopes 1: 4 and the need to have the size of the upper platform, ensuring the reliable operation of garbage trucks and bulldozers:
H \u003d W: 8-H, (3)
where sh is the width of the storage area, m;
8 - double locking of slopes (4x2);
h is an indicator of reducing the height of the polygon, which provides the optimal dimensions of the flat top platform, m.
The minimum width of the upper platform is determined by the twin radius of the relogeling of garbage trucks in compliance with the rules for placing garbage trucks no closer than 10 m from the slope:
W in \u003d 9x2 + 10x2 \u003d 38 m.
For the convenience of work on the top platform, we accept its width of 80 m.
The decrease rate will be:
h \u003d 80: 8 \u003d 10 m.
The height of the landfill will be:
H \u003d 400: 8 - 10 \u003d 40 m.
The actual capacity of the polygon, taking into account the seal, is calculated by the formula of a truncated pyramid:
,
(4)
where C 1 and C 2 - the base area and the upper platform, m 2.
Note: The capacity of the pit at the base of the polygon is not taken into account, since the entire soil from it goes to the insulation of MSW. Under these conditions, E F is equally used - the volume of compacted MBOs.
The length of the top flat site is:
440 - 40x8 \u003d 120 m.
The width of the top platform will be:
400 - 40x8 \u003d 80 m.
By formula (4), we calculate the actual capacity:
Eph \u003d (440x400 + 120x80 + 400x440x120x80) x40 \u003d (176000 + 9600 + 41160) x40 \u003d 3023467 m 3.
The need for insulating material is determined by the formula:
B \u003d V at (1-1 / K 2). (five)
For insulation 3023467 m 3 of compacted MBOs, the soil will be required in the amount:
VG \u003d 3023467 (1-1 / K 2) \u003d 3023467 (1-1 / 1,18) \u003d 45320 m 2.
In the underlying conditions of Vg - the container of the pit.
The average projected depth of the pit in the base of the polygon is determined by the formula:
NK \u003d 1.1 x Vg: C 1,
where 1,1 is the coefficient that takes into account the slopes and the card scheme of the pit;
NK \u003d 1.1x453520: 176000.0 \u003d 2.83 m.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe storage site is divided into four operating queues with dimensions of 300x220 m and an area of \u200b\u200b44000 m 2 - 4.4 hectares.
Each of these queues is operated taking into account the laying of five working layers of MSW (2 M Tbo and 0.25 m of the soil). The total altitude will be:
2x5 + 0.25x5 + 11.25 m.
Including above the surface of the earth (black marks), the height of the mound for each turn will be:
11.25 - 2.83 \u003d 8.42 m.
The volume of the pit in one queue will be:
452520: 4 \u003d 113380 m 3.
Height extension from a mark 9 to 39 m and the final insulation by a layer of 1 m will be the 5th stage of operation. The life of each turn on average is 4 years.
The ground of the 1st line is stored in the cavalier for use in the final insulation of the landfill. Cavalier is placed at the outer border I, III and IV queues. Cavaler length is: 410 + 475 \u003d 885 m. The cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe cavalier will be:
113380: 885 \u003d 128.1 m 2.
Takes a cavalier in the form of a trapezium with a width of the base 24, the top 4.5 width and a height of 9 m. The cross-sectional area is: (4.5 + 24) x 9: 2 \u003d 128.25 m 2.
The area occupied by the cavalier of the soil is:
885x24 \u003d 21240 m 2 \u003d 2.1 hectares.
The planning of the economic zone with the facilities adjacent to it is shown in Fig. 19.
Fig.19. Plan of the economic zone and adjoining structures
1 - driveway; 2 - polygon fence; 3 - platform for storage of collapsible elements of temporary roads; 4 - transformer substation; 5 - administrative and domestic building; 5 '' - the window of the office; 6 - transport stream of arriving machines; 6 '' - the same decreasing machines; 7 - Gate of the landfill; 8 - mudovenial; 9 is a disinfection platform; 10 - fire reservoir; 11 - canopy (room) for machines and mechanisms; 12 and 13 - gates and fence of the economic zone; 14 - Warehouse GSM
The planning of a household building is presented in Fig.20. The building consists of two blocks separated by a wall having gas-insulation. The main entrance to the building is designed from the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone, which limits the visitors to his garbage trucks and loaders. The second yield is a spare in case of fire.
On the other side of the driveway, opposite the production household building, there is a platform of disinfection of garbage trucks. The mutual placement of the zone and disinfection platform ensures the departure of cars to the site and departure after disinfection from the territory of the landfill without intersection of the transport flow of arriving at the garbage truck polygon.
In arid areas for collecting and neutralizing the filtrate, as an exception, a small circuit can be used. According to this scheme, the filtrate lightened in the mise-resistant is supplied to the pumping station. In order to reduce the cost of the system in the pumping station, one sand pump is mounted, the backup pump (second) is provided for estimates, but is stored in stock.
The pumping station in the summer period is pumped into a collection-collapsible system of pipelines. From perforated pipes, it is possible to sprinkle or spill the filtrate over the surface of the intermediate insulation of the operating maps of the polygon. The distribution of the filtrate is taken at the rate of up to 30 m 3 per day of water into a portion of 1 hectare for 6 months. per year. The scheme of structures is given in Fig.21.
Note. For the polygons organized for a period of less than 6 years, and polygons taking less than 120 thousand m 3 TB per year, the function of production and household building is performed by the industry-made typical mobile wagons. Their characteristics are shown in Table 10. The planning of the economic zone of these polygons is presented in Fig.22.
For polygons that are at a considerable distance from the existing main road, an independent part of the driveway is allocated to a separate object under the share of stakeholders located along this road.
Table 10.
The main method of processing solid household waste to date is their burial on specialized landfills. To avoid negative impact on the environment of such structures, special protective screens are used, which can be installed both on the base and on the sides of the polygons.
In addition, there is a possibility of creating different combinations in the design of protective screens, which directly depends on the degree of harmful effects of waste on landfills. It is also necessary to note the fact that there are certain territorial building rates developed for each region, which allows to construct screens having the highest degree of protection.
Materials used
- The first layer consists of superficial soil and serves to accommodate the root system of plant cover, which in turn additionally performs the function of protection against wind or water destruction.
- The second layer of the upper insulating coating of the landfill for solid household waste is laid the ball from natural (sand, gravel, their mixture) or synthetic materials. The drainage ball serves to prevent the roots of vegetation in the system of the protective screen, as well as for the removal of surface waters and smoothing the stepdown phenomena.
- The following layers are stacked by materials, discharge biological gas formations and prevent water pollution.
When arranging polygons for MTB protective screens is allowed for waterproofing to lay mineral materials, but not less than two rows of raw materials in a quarter meter each. It should be remembered that for landfills involving the content of stronger pollutants, it is required to lay a larger number of layers, including synthetic, since not every mineral waterproofing is able to protect the polygon from the formation of holes from the leaving biogas, leading to the seating. The surface of the synthetic bowl is protected from mechanical damage to the application of a non-articular geotextile. Under the layers of isolation is a drainage containing a system for collecting and eliminating biological gas formations.
When choosing a geomembrane, it is necessary to pay attention to its physical properties, such as the degree of resistance to breakdowns, the amount of thermal expansion, the discharge of resistance to destruction, resistance to bacteria and mushrooms and so on. The polygon equipped for all rules will be able to protect the environment from the negative impact of the waste contained on it.
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used for intermediate isolation of compacted layers of solid household waste placed on polygons.
Known insulating materials: natural soil, construction waste, lime, chalk, wood, glass, concrete, ceramic tile, plaster, asphalt concrete, soda, etc. Materials (sanitary rules of the joint venture 2.1.7.1038-01 "Hygienic requirements for the device and maintenance of polygons for solid household waste ").
However, the use of natural soil for layers isolation leads to a violation of landscapes. The deep careers and dumps of the soil destroy not only the land to be developed, but also the surrounding areas, while the hydrological regime of the area is disturbed, water bodies are polluted, soil. The development of the soil in winter is difficult due to the death. Stroy industry waste has a different granulometric composition and, as a rule, require crushing and screens before use.
The mixture is known for the neutralization and detection of household and industrial waste, bottom precipitation, sludges and oil-particulated soils, including aluminosilicate rock, lime and portland cement, dispersion organic sorbent with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Aluminosilicate breed 55-80, lime 5-10, Portland cement 10-30, dispersed organic sorbent 5-30, and peat, wood flour, crushed waste of agriculture may be contained as a dispersion organic sorbent, for example, mealkin, as well as sapropel (patent RU №2184095 dated 27.06.2002).
The disadvantages of the known mixture refers to its multicomponential and, as a result, the complexity of obtaining.
Known isolation mixture containing gider waste from heat treatment of solid household waste, gas cleaning waste of heat treatment of solid household waste and ground in a mass ratio, equal to 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10, 5 (patent RU №2396131 of 10.08.2010).
The disadvantage of the well-known material is the complexity of the technology of obtaining insulating material.
The objective of the invention is to obtain a material that allows for year-round isolate compacted layers of solid household waste on polygons without the use of natural materials in simplifying the technology of obtaining it, expanding raw materials.
The task is solved due to the fact that the material for the intermediate isolation of the compacted layers of solid household waste at the polygon is a finite slag formed in the production of ferrovanadium by aluminumocothermal method.
The final slag formed during the production of ferrovanadium by aluminosicothermic method is a fine powder.
Granulometric composition: fractions of no more than 2 mm - 95.0%, with a size of up to 300 mm no more than 5.0%, the presence of moisture is no more than 10.0%.
It has color from white, bluish, olive to gray.
The mineralogical composition of the slag consists mainly of the mervinite and two-kilt silicate. Along with this, there are melite, periclase and ferrymanaded metal. The slag is currently not disposed of, and is located on industrial platforms in the form of dumps, which are often located in the floodplains of rivers and in close proximity to settlements. At the same time, the defense of the territories, pollution of water bodies and soil at a significant distance from the placement of waste. From the enterprise, payments for waste disposal are charged.
According to the passport for the production of the production of ferrovanadium production slag - this is an industrial waste of the IV of the hazard class, characterized in an aqueous exhaustion (1 liter of water by 1 kg of waste) toxic substances at the level of the filtrate from solid household waste, and by integral indicators - biochemical oxygen need (BOD 20) and the chemical need for oxygen (COD) - not higher than 300 mg / l. Due to its structure, it is well condensed and, as a result, inconvenient for the device of loopholes and holes, prevents the access of birds, rodents and moisture into the working fluid of the polygon, reliably isolates MSW from contact with insects. The combination of calcium, silicon and magnesium oxides provides the creation of an alkaline medium, which also favorably affects the conservation of household waste and suppressing pathogenic microflora of the polygon.
The material for intermediate isolation of the compacted layers of the MTW at the polygon is obtained as follows.
In the production of ferrovanadium, the end slag is formed by aluminosicothermic method. The slag after the end of melting is poured into slag and export a plant to the processing plant, unloaded in the form of a massive body. The slag is slowly cooled at the area at ambient temperature (+40 - -30 ° C). At the same time, the slag self-propagation occurs with the formation of particles from 0.01 to 2 mm. Next, the slag cutting is produced, while the slag fraction is removed more than 250 mm, which is sent to crushing on the cheek crusher to the size of less than 250 mm. This size is governed as the largest faction of the material allowed for use as a transpassment on TWW polygons. In the total mass of the original raw material, the fraction, which should undergo crushing, is not more than 3%. The material that fully satisfying the particle size distribution is magnetic separation, at which the metal inclusions of ferrovanadium and ferrosilica are removed. Mechanical impact does not change the chemical composition of the slag.
For the resulting material, studies were conducted according to SP 2.1.7.1386-03 "Sanitary rules for determining the hazard class of toxic waste production and consumption" in the "Center of Hygiene and Epidimology in Perm Territory", Fr. 1.39.2007.03222 and FR.1.39.2007.03223 in the Center for Analytical Research and Metrological Support of Environmental Measurements. The conclusions are obtained on the classification of the material for crossings to the 4th grade of danger. The content of the aqueous extract of toxic substances at the level below the filtrate from solid household waste, the integral indicator - the biochemical need for oxygen (BOD 20) and the chemical need for oxygen (COD) - does not exceed 300 mg / l.
In accordance with SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Hygienic requirements for the device and maintenance of polygons for solid household waste" The resulting material meets the requirements for the materials designed to cross the compacted layers of the TWW at the landfill.
Thus, the slag formed in the production of ferrovanadium by aluminosilicothermic method does not require complex technological converters, the volume of material requiring additional crushing does not exceed 3% of the total mass, and can be used for the insulation of the MSW layers are round.
Consequently, the claimed invention allows to obtain a material for intermediate isolation of compacted layers of MSW at the landfill without the use of natural materials on simple technology, with small economic costs and expand raw material resources.
Material for intermediate isolation of compacted layers of solid household waste at the landfill, characterized in that it is a finite slag formed in the production of ferrovanadium by aluminosicothermic method.
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The invention relates to the field of ecology. The proposed insulating material includes clay, lime material, oil sludge and drill sludge with the following components, weight. h.: \u200b\u200bClay 1.0 limestone material 0.5-5.0 drilling slurry 0.5-3.0 oil slurry 0.5-7.0 The invention provides a decrease in the consumption of natural clays, reduces production waste during the construction of roads and solid polygons Household waste, improves the quality of the final product. 2 Z.P. F-lies, 1 il., 8 Table.
The invention relates to the field of construction and environmental safety. To collect and remove the filtrate and biogas on the polygons of solid household waste in the areas of the terrain, the base 3 is prepared, they perform cutting and splitting on the bottom 16 and discovery 17 of the area of \u200b\u200bthe area of \u200b\u200bwaterproofing material 4. Then the installation of the drainage pipe 10, layer-by-layer laying of solid household waste layers With intermediate layers of 5 of the inert materials, the device for surface waterproofing of waste and the installation of the biogas collection system. At the same time, the waterproofing material was placed on the waterproofing material, on which the main drainage pipe with a series of auxiliary pipes connected to the main 10 drainage tube and forming the design of the type "Christmas tree" to ensure that the filtrate is removed throughout the area of \u200b\u200bthe polygon under the action of gravitational forces . Moreover, the collection and removal of filtrate and biogas is produced by separately mounted on different levels by pipeline systems made of polymeric materials. Biogas collection is produced by gas collecting system 6, which is plugged into a thickness of waste vertical perforated pipes, which are connected to the top end with trunk collectors 9, in the end part of which vacuum pump is installed 19. The invention provides an increase in the efficiency of filtration and the filtrate and biogas, increases manufacturability Process of their removal. 4 Il.
The invention relates to the operation of polygons of solid household waste and can be used to obtain biogas and environmentally friendly efficient fertilizer. The organic waste is sequentially layered and biodowns are introduced in liquid form, the biological heating and anaerobic fermentation of the mixture is carried out, the resulting biogas is collected. Effluent uses, in an amount of 3-8% of the total mass of organic waste, which includes mineral fertilizers - n: p: k in an amount of 0.1: 0.16: 0.18%, respectively, the aboriginal microflora with density on microorganisms 260 × 108 CFU / ml. The invention allows to increase the efficiency of polygons of solid household waste due to the lack of costs of cultivation of strains of microorganisms, improve the efficiency and speed of processing organic waste, accompanied by a decrease in its hazard class from IV to V, to reduce the area of \u200b\u200bthe landfill due to the exclusion of organic waste in Burta.
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection. The material is proposed for intermediate isolation of the compacted layers of solid household waste at the landfill. As a material, the final slag is used, formed by the production of ferrovanadium by aluminumocothermal method. The invention provides a material that allows for year-round isolate compacted layers of solid household waste on polygons without the use of natural materials, and expansion of raw materials. 1 tab.
