Mysterious and mysterious seemed to this. Mysterious forest
Dash in incomplete sentence
1. The dash is put in an incomplete sentence when the missed member (usually led) is restored from the text of the proposal itself and there is a pause at the point of passing, for example: Yakov came from Voronezh, Gavril from Moscow(A.N.T.); Some provisions are explained in the introduction, others When the relevant theoretical issues are set.
2. The dash is placed in the same complex parts of a complex supply when skipping some member or even without skipping, for example: It seemed to everyone that the life he himself was leading, there is one real life, and which a friend leads There is only a ghost(L.T.).
3. The dash is set in the presence of a pause in the so-called elliptic proposals (independent suggestions with the missing led), for example: On the table Stack of books and even some flower(A.N.T.). But (in the absence of a pause): In the corner of the old leather sofa(Sim.). Usually, the dash is put in the above-assessment parts of the sentence, for example: In all windows Curious on the roofs Malchischi(A.N.T.); Here ravines, more steppes desert.
Intonation and connecting dash
A dash is placed to indicate the place of disintegration of a simple supply for verbal groups to clarify the semantic relationships between members of the sentence; Wed: it hostel for workers; This is a hostel For workers.Such a dash is called intonation.
The connecting dash is set:
1. Between two or more words to designate limits:
a) spatial: train Moscow Mineral water; Space flight Earth Venus;
b) temporary: geographical discoveriesXVXVI centuries in julyaugust;
c) quantitative: the manuscript will be tentwelve (10.12) pages; Weight in three hundredfive hundred tons.
In these cases, the dash replaces the word "from ... to". If between two next to those worthy of numerical in the sense to insert the union or,they are connected by a hyphen, for example: after two or three hours(But with a digital designation put a dash: after 2-3 hours).
2. Between two or several eigenous names, the totality of which is called any teaching, a scientific institution, etc., for example: docuch teachingsKosticheva; cosmogonic theory of KantaLaplace.
Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members
Uniform members not connected by unions
1. Between homogeneous members of the proposal, not connected by alliances, the comma is set, for example: started, woke up, spoiled, Zarelo, spoke(T.); They said that
Notes.1. Do not put a comma:
a) between two verbs in the same form indicating the movement and its purpose or forming a single meaning unit, for example: I will guess(L.T.); Buy Podi(MG); Sits sews;
b) in sustainable expressions, for example: for everything about everything is fermented(Cr.); talked about the one.
2. are not homogeneous members and are not separated by the comma, but are connected by a hyphen:
a) paired combinations of synonymic character, for example: there is no end-edge, with joy-fun, mind-mind, true-truth, rhodes, living - to be a friend, friend-comrade, friend-acquaintance, country country, power-power, custom-order, orders, Benefit, Chin-title, Wedding-Marriage, Honor-praise, alive, so-Syak, went, went, was spinning-joint, asking, pray, sleep, rest, any-expensive;
b) paired combinations of an anthony character, for example: purchase and sale, arrival expense, export-import, reception-issuance, questions-answers, hardness-softness of consonants, fathers children, up-down, back-back;
c) Paired combinations, which are based on associative communication, for example: dance songs, berry mushrooms, Birds, tea-sugar, bread-salt, cup spoons, knives, hands-legs, patronymic name, wife wife, father-mother, sisters, grandfather grandma, eat-feed, young-green.
2. Common homogeneous members of the sentence, especially if there are comma inside them, can be separated by a comma point, for example: The desk lay a bunch of finely written papers covered with a heavy marble press; Some kind of an old book in the leather binding, to which the owner apparently did not touch for a long time; The handle blurred in ink, with a pen, which was already impossible to use(). Wed: Paradine looked at the rooms, on the portraits, on the furniture and fun-looking in the room from the garden greens; saw a broken track, everywhere purity, order; Listening, as in all rooms alternately punched from half a dozen canteens, walls, bronze and malachite watches(Rong.).
3. There is a dash between homogeneous members to express opposition, for example: Here not to live them paradise (cr.); Do not love Pity!(MG).
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous definitions
1. There is a comma between homogeneous definitions that do not associated unions.
Definitions are homogeneous if:
a) indicate the distinctive features of different items, for example: Red, white, pink, yellow carnations made up a beautiful bouquet;
b) designate various signs of the same subject, characterizing it on the one hand, for example: Strange, sharp, painful cry came suddenly two times sorted over the river(T.).
Each of the homogeneous definitions directly relates to a defined noun, so the composite union can be pasted between them. Wed: clean, calm Light of the Moon; Cup of thick, strong coffeeetc.
Uniform definitions can also characterize the subject from different sides, if at the same time in the context conditions they are combined with some common feature (similarity of their impressions, appearance, etc.), for example: He stretched me red, swollen, dirty hand(T.); Heavy, cold clouds lay on top of the surrounding mountains(L.); In dense, dark hair glistened gray strands(MG); pale, strict face; Cheerful, good-natured laughter; deserted, unwriting house; affectionate, living eyes; proud, brave species; Dry, cracked lips; severe, evil feeling; Gray, continuous, small rainetc.
As a rule, artistic definitions (epithets) are homogeneous, for example: Its pale blue, glass eyes(T.).
Uniforms are also synonymic (under context conditions) definition, for example: Quiet, modest river(C.); silent, fierce, timid girl.In a number of such definitions, each subsequent can enhance the sign expressed by them, forming a meaning gradation, for example: Joyful, festive, radiant mood(Sieraf.); In the fall of the steppes completely change and get their unusual, special, no matter what is comparable.
In the role of homogeneous definitions, the name is usually the adjective and the next involvement of the trafficking, for example: He entered an elderly man with a magnificent, starting gray beard.
As a rule, homogeneous coordinated definitions, after the defined word, for example: On the road winter, boring three borsai runs(P.). The exception is combined terminological nature, for example: pipes thin-walled electrical welded stainless steel; Pear winter late.
Uniform are the definitions, opposed to a combination of other definitions with the same defined word, for example: Six months later, the cold nights are replaced short, warm.
2. The comma does not put between inhomogeneous definitions.
Inhomogeneous definitions characterize the subject from different sides, for example: large stone house(size and material); white round pebbles(color and form); beautiful Moscow boulevards(quality and location), etc. Such definitions can become homogeneous if a general feature is combined, for example: Our terrace is now standing on new, brick columns.(unifying the sign "Durable").
Inhomogeneous definitions are more often expressed by a combination of high-quality and relative adjective, for example: new leather briefcase, interesting children's book, warm July night, light birch grove, transparent window glassetc. Less often, inhomogeneous definitions consist of combinations of high-quality adjectives, for example: old gloomy house, interesting rare editionsand etc.
Uniform members connected by non-repeating unions
1. The comma is placed between homogeneous members of the proposal, connected by the Compact Unions a, but yes,(in the meaning "but") however, but althoughet al., for example: Gavril wanted to argue something, yes squeezed his lips(T.); Days stood cloudy, however warm(AKS); The decision is correct, although not the only one.
A homogeneous member of the sentence, standing after the oppositional union and not at the end of the sentence, is not separated, that is, the comma after it is not put, for example: He did not live before in Moscow, but in St. Petersburg and there he studied at the university.Cf. also: the most important, but not the only source of information; the most important, although not the only source of information; the most important, if not the only source of informationetc. (After the union of the opposing, seeding, conditional). The same after a homogeneous member with connecting unions and also, and then, andetc., for example: Cinema, as well as radio and television are funds mass media For millions of people.
At the passing of the Provincial Union, not a comma, but a dash, for example: Do not bird the shell flies the jet aircraft; The student was not just sensible talented.
Instead of a communion, a comma point may be plated before the opposite union, if there are commas, for example: During the day, he has repeatedly spoke with me, it helped me without slavery; But for Barin watched, as for the child(T.).
2. Between homogeneous members of the proposal associated with single connecting unions and, yes(in the meaning "and") dividing unions or, or,the comma does not put, for example: Irina spoke loud and confidently; Vasya really lost weight, only the skin remained yes; It will happen now or never.
Before the union and,connecting two homogeneous fags, sets a dash to indicate a consequence, contained in the second limit, or to express a sharp opposition, a quick change of action, for example: Run there and you both find(Gr.); At this time, someone from the street looked at him in the window And immediately departed(P.).
Less often in these cases, the dash is put after the Union and, eg: So I just judged it and suddenly decided at all(Trick.); Ask on Saturday the calculation and March in the village.(MG).
If Soyuz andhas an incidental value (often in this case is an inhomogeneous sentence member), then a comma is put in front of it (the same in front of the connecting union yes, and),eg: But I give him a job, and very interesting(Across); Happened, crying, crying, and calm down; I love my mother very much, and I love my sisters too.
The comma does not put before the attachment and,followed by an index pronoun that (that, then, those)used to strengthen the preceding noun, for example: Old men and those sang with everyone.Also: Stand next to him and nice(Joamed part of the lean). But (without the Union and): Boys, those are not afraid of darkness.
Not put a comma in front of the union yes, and B.connective value, in combination of type i took and got angry(with the same word verb takeand another verb to design an unexpected or arbitrary action), in combination no, no yes andeg: Here he went to the forest on the nuts and got lost(T.); The image of the poor girl is not-no Yes, and I have in front of my eyes.
Uniform members connected by repetitive unions
1. The comma is placed between homogeneous members of the proposal, connected by repeated unions and ... I., Yes... yes, no no, or or, Li ... Li., or either, then ... thatet al., for example: Here's a knock, and scream, and buberets not to hear(T.); Then loved ones, then distant lights(Bab.).
2. At two homogeneous members With a repeated union andthe comma does not put if close semantic unity is formed (usually such homogeneous members do not have explanatory words with them), for example: The circle was light and green(T.); The coastal strip went both in the other way(Sem.); Represents interest in lexical and in grammatical terms; Exemplary order and inside and outside the house; He worked in the cold and in heat; Yes and no.In the presence of explanatory words, the comma is usually placed, for example: Everything around changed: and nature, and the nature of the forest(L.T.). Also: It may end and good, and bad (andin the meaning "or").
3. If the number of homogeneous members is more than two, and the union is repeated before each of them, except for the first, the comma is placed between them all, for example: I hate my past myself, and Orlova, and your love(C.); Other owners have already grown cherries, or lilac, or jasmine(Fad.).
4. If Soyuz andcombines homogeneous members in pairs, the comma is put only between paired groups (inside such pairs, the comma does not put), for example: Alleys planted with sirens and linden, knitting and poplars, led to a wooden stage built in the form of a sink(Fed.).
5. If the Union is repeated in the proposal not at homogeneous members, then the comma between them is not put, for example: Mysterious and mysterious seemed to this virgin forest and the strong and bold people who lived in it.Wed: The sun rose and flooded the waves of light and heat and a water surface, and a stewed forest, and Kuzma(Sieraf.) (All homogeneous members are separated by commas).
Not put the comma, if two homogeneous member with the Union andbetween them form closely related to the meaning of the group connected by the Union and S.the third homogeneous member, for example: The water has long to come true in Terek and quickly run and dried through the ditch(L.T.).
Not put comma in expressions like 20 and 40 and 60 together make up 120(No listed homogeneous members). Same in expression 20 plus 40 plus 60 is 120.
6. Unions lee ... or, standing with homogeneous membership members, not equal to repeating unions, so the comma ornot installed, for example: Whether he will continue his work or restricted to the made - this is a question, not yet resolved.
7. The comma does not put inside the whole phraseological expressions formed by two words with opposite values \u200b\u200bconnected by repeating unions and noreg: and day and night, and laughter and grief, and old and young, and so and so much, neither the fish nor the meat, neither in the afternoon, nor alive either dead, nor two either one and a few nor give nor take aheadetc.
Uniform members connected by paired unions
1. If homogeneous members are connected by pair (comparable, double) unions like ... so, not like, not only but, not so much ... how much, How much ... so, Although ... but, if not ... then, as much asetc., the comma is placed only before the second part of the Union, for example: It is necessary to be diligent both in large and in small; Thoughts although not new but interesting; Return if not tomorrow, then the day after tomorrow;wed: For the most part of their persons expressed if not afraid, then anxiety(L.T.); Apartment Alexander Although spacious, but not graceful and dusk(C.).
2. After a homogeneous member following the second part of the pairous union and not ending the proposal, the comma does not put, for example: Your words are not only fair, but also convincing and indisputable.
3. inside comparative unions not that ... and, Not that ... A (but)comma whatand tonot installed, for example: Not that cold, but still cool. Not that, in a hurry, but a little rushing.
Summarizing words with homogeneous members
1. After a generalizing word, a colon is put before the listing of homogeneous members, for example: On the table lay writing accessories: pens, pencils, markers.
If after a generalizing word, there are words somehow, namely, that is, for example,the comma puts before them, and after them colon, for example: Guests started talking about many pleasant and useful things, somehow: about nature, about dogs, about wheat ...()
If there is no generalizing word before the listing, the colon is set only when it is necessary to warn the reader, which further follows the listing, for example: At the meeting attended:...; The meeting decides: ...; To get a mixture you need to take: ...etc. It is usually found in business and scientific speech.
The colon is not raised before homogeneous members expressed by their own names, if they are preceded by a general application for them or a definable word that does not act as a generalizing word (when reading in this case, there is no warning pause for a summary word), for example: Revolutionary Democrats Belinsky, Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov played a big role in the social development of Russia; Many tributaries are available at the Volga rivers, Don, Dnieper.
2. After the listing before the generalizing word is rated, for example: Children, old men, women Everything was mixed in a live stream(Sieraf.)
If after enumerations before the generalizing word costs the introductory word or phrase (in short, in one word, in shortetc.), then before the latter put a dash, and after it comma, for example: Wheat, Oats, Sunflower, Corn, Potatoes In a word, for that only a look, everything is already ripe, everything required the master's hassle and caring, diligent hands(Bab.).
3. If the listing after a generalizing word does not finish proposals, the colon is put before the listing, and after it is a dash, for example: And all this: and the river, and the forest, and this boy reminded me of distant days of childhood.
Dictates 1
Dictation 1. Repeat studied in 5-8 classes
Down the river
At the beginning summer holidays My friend and I decided to make a small journey along the river in rubber boat. No one says anything, we quickly gathered on the road and were on the banks of the river. Night silence, interrupted by some sharp bird cry, wet penetrating air all this is badly affected by us.
Within a few minutes we oscilted, but then it was strongly entered into the boat, paved off the coast, and the boat swam downstream. At first, it was terrible to ride an unfamiliar river, but gradually we were mastered and already boldly looked forward.
Early in the morning we hoped to be in an unfamiliar village. We sailed slowly by the flow of the river, almost without working with wests. So because of the clouds, the moon appeared, illuminating his mysterious glitter of all the surroundings. Somewhere snatched the nightingale, after him the other. It seemed that all the air was permeated with charming sounds. We admired the nightingale singing and the beauty of the night and completely forgot about the boat. Suddenly she, pushing something, overturned, and we found themselves to the belt in the water. Having gathered his belongings on the river, we got to the shore, pulled out a malfunctional boat, the fire was raised and warm up to the morning, dried and discussed a night adventure.
(174 words)
Grammatical task (by options)
1. Phonetic analysis:
1) bird; 2) discussed.
2. Word-forming analysis and analysis of the words in composition:
1) interrupted; 2) Stinking.
3. Morphological analysis:
1) for; 2) Nobody.
4. Syntactic analysis of the proposals (1st paragraph):
1) At the beginning of the summer holidays, we conceived a friend to make a small journey along the river in the rubber boat.
2) Night silence, interrupted by some sharp bird cry, wet penetrating air - all this is badly affected by us.
5. Define the type of proposals:
1) find a single offer ( At first it was terribly riding an unfamiliar river... - impersonal);
2) find an incomplete offer ( Somewhere snatched nightingaws,behind him .)
Dictation 2.
Junior
The cloudless night floats over clean the moon, it is reflected in the puddles, silver indoor roof chip. Quiet in the village.
With the dawn from the shore of Yalma, the deaf blows are heard, as if someone in the bell overgrown with moss. Behind the willbami darkens on the shore of the forge - a boardy barn, ancient, wiggy, trimmed in the corners of rusty sheets of tin. From here heard strikes.
Early, I go fishing. It is still dark, and strangely looks like this barn in cloudy Olkhovnik.
Suddenly the door opens, and there is a fire, but not bright as a fire flame, but muffled. Such a color is Calina when frost will hit it. The fiery door seems to the cave, which leads, maybe in the earth.
From it pops up small man. In the hands - long ticks, and a split dragon bone is grilled. He fuses it into the water - the hissing of the feline or sticky is awesome. Cloud steam breaks out of water.
Hello, Voloshin, - I say.
At noon, returning, I'm passing past again. Around the forge is now full of people: who came for nails, who is a horse toward.
Inside the burning mountain. Shurka Melkin, Grossoboez, inflates fur - exhales the air into the mountain, for coils. In the Belena itself lies the iron dwarf. She fucked so much that they would not distinguish her from the fire.
Long ticks of Voloshin snatches her, puts on anvil. Shurka hits the hammer over it, and the dwarf is flattened, and Voloshin only turns it under blows. Shurka cells strong small; His shoulders are hard as Giri. He strongly, and Voloshin - Master.
(233 words) ( Y. Koval)
Grammatical task:
1) make a morphological word analysis overgrown, smoky;
Dictation 3.
Oak
It was already the beginning of June, when Prince Andrew, returning home, rode again in that birch grove, in which this old, clouded oak so strange and memorially struck him. Bubakers still ringing in the forest than a month and a half ago; Everything was full, shady and densely, and young ate, scattered in the forest, did not violate general Beauty And, fake for general character, gently green fluffy young shoots ...
"Yes, here, in this forest there was this oak, with whom we were agreed," the prince Andrei thought. "But where is he?" - I thought again prince Andrei, looking at the left side of the road, and, without knowing it, without recognizing him, admired the oak that he was looking for. Old oak, the whole transformed, spreading the tent of the juicy, dark green, meld, slightly broken in the rays of the evening sun. Neither the root fingers or sores, nor old distrust and grief - nothing was visible. Through a hard, centenary bark made his way without knuckles of juicy young leaves, the pelvis that it was impossible to believe that this old man produced them. "Yes, this is the same oak," the prince of Andrei thought, and suddenly found a unfortunate, spring sense of joy and updates on him.
(165 words) ( L. N. Tolstoy)
Grammatical task:
1) make a word-forming analysis and analysis of words drawing, unpreciful;
Dictation 4.
Singer of native nature
If nature could feel gratitude to the person for penetrating her life and felt it, then, first of all, this gratitude would fall out to Mikhail Svavina.
It is not known that I would have done in your life, if he remained an agronomist (it was his first profession). In any case, he would hardly have opened millions of people Russian nature as the world of the finest and bright poetry. He just did not have enough time.
If you carefully read everything written by the Privilege, then the belief remains: he did not have time to tell us and the hundredth of the share of what he saw and knew.
It is difficult to write about the promnity. They needed to write to the cherished notebooks, reread, opening all the new values \u200b\u200bin each line, going into his books, as we leave for the cherished paths in the dense forest with his conversation and the fragrance of herbs, plunging into a variety of thoughts and states inherent in this Clean mind and heart man.
The books of Privina are "the infinite joy of permanent discoveries." Several times I heard from people who had just postponed the read the Svrani Book, the same words: "This is real witchcraft."
(183 words) ( K. G. Powesty)
Grammatical task:
1) make a syntactic analysis of the first two sentences;
2) Make schemes of complex proposals, determine the appendage of the apparent offers.
Dictation 5.
Skvortsy
All know him. And each of the childhood, when in April, near the Bednament, a tireless and cheerful singer appears in black dressing. They say that spring makes swallows. No, the swallows "do summer", and the spring on the wings in our edges bring rags, starlats, larks, chibisms, finches, shakes. Skvorts from them are the most visible. Appearing, they shake out of the birdhouses Sparrow and the songwelring cope with the songs. "There is no bird more, more fun, beyrea squorter," wrote Brem. From where the starrigation, becoming a neighbor to our early spring until late autumn, arrive?
Four years ago by traveling in South Africa, on the cape of the needle, we saw our acquaintances and amazed: so far away! I wrote about it. And wrong. Further the northern drive of the African continent, where the starlings are going to wintering flocks, they do not fly. The European settlers were brought to the lower part of the mainland, and she was superbly accounted for next to the antilopes, ostriches and numerous textiles. Skvortsov took off due to love for them also to America, Australia, New Zealand. Skvorts fly to us, of course, not from these countries. Our winters in Western and Southern Europe. Not so far. Nevertheless, how not to surprise the ability of the starlings to find, say, the Moscow region, some village in it and the birthday room. "Hello, I flew!" - Skvorts are stated about themselves with an uncomfortable cheerful song.
(205 words) ( V. M. Peskov)
Grammatical task:
1) emphasize fragments with parcel (unusual membership of proposals);
2) Make schemes of complex proposals, determine the appendage of the apparent offers.
Dictation 6.
Amazing intersection
From Zamoskvorechye I needed to the center. So I solved: what is the bridge to go - on Stone or Moskvoretsky?
Both options were equally acceptable, since I stood at the corner of the Lavrushinsky Lane. He goes to the kadashevsky embankment in about her middle, and from this place the distance is one thing - that towards the stone bridge, which is in the direction of Moskvoretsky.
The question came down to what bridge is more interesting to go. I thought that if I go on Moskvoretsky, the Kremlin would like to swim on me ... Yes, it seems to be like a giant white swan on you, whose neck is the bell tower of Ivan the Great, and the back - cathedrals with golden chains of domes . I was already ready to choose Moskvoretsky Bridge, as suddenly I had an extremely tempting to see this swan, floating in the distance from the mysterious twilight of the garden, the picture that opens in front of us when we go on the stone bridge.
(145 words) ( Yu. Olesha)
Grammatical task:
1) Make a phonetic word analysis: giant, feathers;
2) Make schemes of complex proposals, determine the appendage of the apparent in complex proposals.
Appendix 4.
Texts for presentation
Text 1.
In a deaf underground cave, a complete silence reigns: neither the breeze, nor a row ... Only one sound violates sinister silence: one after another falls and scattered when they hit the stone water drops. Already many decades, they are monotonously and tirelessly count the time in this abandoned corner of the Earth. And the voluntary captive of the cave scientist-speleologist has learned to consider drops the days of his stay under the earth.
But the water has long helps people to determine the time. Almost simultaneously with sunny and water clocks appeared, Klepsidra, as their ancient Greeks called. These hours were a large vessel from which water slowly flows. Its level drops from one label to another. So you can read how much time has passed.
Greek mechanic KTezibiy made a very accurate waterclock, which today could decorate any apartment. They work like this: the water flowing into a beautiful vase raises the float, and the winged boy, connected with the float, shows the time with an elegant pointer. Water rises, and the pointer slides along the long rings of numbers. The second winged boy wipes tears. He is very sad - after all, time goes irretrievably.
Water watches nowhere will not meet anywhere. They are veterans of time measurement. They are more than two thousand years.
In the Middle Ages, the monks determined the time by the number of prayers read. This method, of course, was far from accurate. Then in the monasteries, and just in everyday life began to use fiery hours for time. They took a candle and applied to her division, each of which corresponded to a certain period of time.
In China, long before the European watches were their interesting designs. The dough, cooked from the tree-grown in the powder, was filled with incenses, rolled into sticks and attached to them the most diverse shape. For example, spirals. Some fiery clocks reached a length of several meters and burned months. Sometimes metal balls suspended to the wands. As soon as the candle burned, the ball with a ringing fell into a porcelain vase. What is not a fiery alarm clock!
With centuries, people have improved ways to measure time. Nowadays, the most accurate clock is atomic. They are used as a reference.
(309 words)
Tasks
Answer the question: "What type of speech is the text?" Prove your opinion.
Tell us about other methods known to you.
Text 2.
Even a widely educated zoologist will find it difficult to give an exhaustive answer, who is stronger: Lion or Tiger, for in Savannah, where the lion reigns, there are no tigers, but in the jungle where the tiger dominates, there are no lions.
There is no tiger in Africa, Australia, America and Europe. His residence is Southeast Asia and our Far Eastern Taiga. Tigers are also different, and the colorful, and the "warm" fur coats. For example, South China and Bengali do not need thick wool: they will be pushed from heat in it. But our handsome man - Ussuri tiger - it is necessary to resist frosts.
The lion does not live in America, Australia and Europe. Africa is his house. But there are no lions there are not everywhere. The north of the Sahara king the desert destroyed his only enemy - a man. In Asia, the lion is also exterminated. Only in India did not preserve a large number of Asian Lviv.
The habits of a lion and the tiger differ sharply from each other. Rodinitis is only the fact that they are the largest representatives of the Feline family of our planet. Differences are much more. Lion has a round pupil, and the tiger has a longitudinal. The lion lives on Earth, and the tiger, in addition, climbs on trees. Lion is a herd animal, and the tiger always wanders one. Lions get well with other beasts. They are tamed faster and better, much obedient to the tiger. Tiger strangers does not tolerate.
And yet who is stronger - tiger or lion? Physically, the lion is stronger, but tiger is more. If the animals are grapped in the conditions of the capture, then the king of animals wins. It helps the mane, who prevents the tiger to grab him behind the neck. Only one kind of tigers is stronger than the lion. This is our Ussuri tiger. The stronger of this owner of Taiga is only a white polar bear.
(259 words)
Tasks
I. Clause the text and retell it in detail.
Answer the question: "What did this text are built on? Prove your opinion.
II. Casting the text and retell it compressed.
Do you like books about animals? Which one would you advise you to read? Tell us about her.
Text3
The edge of Russia is Vladivostok. Expressable city ...
There are no straight streets - they are crumpled in all imaginable and unthinkable directions: both up and down, and cut, and there. Avenue here - the concept of purely conditional, it is clearly more desirable in it than really existing.
Of course, relief complicates life. But but, no matter how uroduction is standard boxes, uniformity does not work. Raduing faults of the city Abris blast the dullness of new quarters. Sopgia and the sea surrounding the city from all sides, resist the surfaction of modern architecture and win it.
Old cities are not like each other. They, in contrast to the current twins that in the south, in the north, that in the steppe, that in the mountains, their face, their own nests. Probably because they do not confuse the indigenous pythers with Muscovites, Odessans with Nizhny Novgorod, Tulakov with Pskopski, Pomorov with Chaldons and everyone together - with Far Easterns, whose veniers are the old-timers of Vladivostok.
Ask old-timer, where the city begins and what does he call in Vladivostok? In the answer you may not doubt - he will call you an old town. The modern quarters of St. Petersburg, Moscow and other cities and the weights of the Mother of Russia are interchangeable as nuts on the conveyor, and therefore they came across everywhere. Do not attach at the same time anywhere. They will never be the nature of the city, because they are so conceived - faceless. Well, can there be a sense of homeland here? Lie, small - anyway ...
(216 words) ( According to B. Dyachenko)
Tasks:
I. Clause the text and retell it in detail. Answer the question: "Do you agree with the author of the text that the feeling of homeland can not arise in faceless cities?" Justify your opinion.
II. Casting the text and retell it compressed. Tell us about your city (village).
Keys to tests
|
№ dough |
Option |
A1. |
A2. |
A3. |
A4. |
A5. |
IN 1 |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
- |
union, permeates |
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
- |
Igor, N. |
|
|
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
- |
forehead |
|
2 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
- |
pupil (eye) |
|
|
3 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
- |
addition |
|
2 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
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suffixal |
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4 |
1 |
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2 |
1 |
3 |
- |
adaptable |
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2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
- |
in vain, loose |
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5 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
reasoning |
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2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
chain |
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№ dough |
Option |
A1. |
A2. |
A3. |
A4. |
A5. |
A6. |
IN 1 |
AT 2 |
IN 3 |
AT 4 |
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6 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
composite name |
brief communion |
thiege earth |
Deep moral, truly human |
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3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
pretext |
high literary |
deep and sharp |
provered forward |
The forest often seems something terrible and mysterious. No wonder the world folklore is full of stories about how in the forest wilderness and threw the unfortunate children and young girls, as the robbers, predators and diverse evil. Today we will talk about forests that can freely make fear due to anomalies, legends, historical facts and dangerous inhabitants.
Drunk forest
On the shore of Oka near the village of Tarnovo in the Ryazan region, the so-called drunk forest is growing - this is a rectangle of curved coniferous trees. It is curious that we were curved and intertwined in this place only coniferous trees, and deciduous stand straight, as usual. Researchers and scientists have repeatedly tried to solve a riddle of a drunk forest and agreed that there is a geomagnetic anomaly.
Forest curve is found in some places of the planet, including it is on Curonian spit on the Baltic Sea coast. There, coniferous trees look as if they were begged and twisted the Giant, because of what the forest was called dancing.
According to one of the scientific versions, the cause of the curvature could be the reaction of trees to the vortex magnetic field: it spun the axis of the trees and created an extraordinary landscape.
Also, anomalous cryproy can be seen in the vicinity of the village of Novaya Tsarovovo in Western Poland. About 400 curved trees turned north were planted by the Germans during the occupation in 1930. By the suggestion of scientists, the Germans were going to make furniture, vessels of ships and fixtures for plows, however, how they achieved an amazing bend of trunks - is unknown.
Favorite forest suicide
In Japan, there is an ominous place - Aokigahar. it dense forest At the foot of Mount Fuji on the island of Honshu, which more than half a century is popular with local suicides. Since 1970, the police are regularly searching for bodies in Aokigahar and annually finds from 70 to 100 corpses. The most common ways of leaving the forest in the forest are hanging or poisoning with drugs. Of course, the authorities and social organizations are trying to interrupt the tradition and prevent new deaths. The input weighs the plate: "Your life is an invaluable gift from your parents." And the phone is indicated by the confidence service. However, suicide is not yet ceased to be popular in Japan: in 2014, 25,374 cases of suicide were registered (in 2003 there were 34,427). Aokigahar takes the second most popular place in the world for farewell to life after and, if there are no tourists from there, it would probably beat this sorrowful record. About the forest suicides are written books, films shot, Songs, which romanticize and popularize this place. For example, in the book of Japanese writer, Vatar Tsurumi " Full guide For suicide, Aokigahar is advertised as the best place to die - and it is sometimes found next to the bodies.
Place for dates with UFO
The Romanian Forest Hoya Bach is known as a paranormal zone. Locals and some scientists, according to them, have observed unidentified flying objects here, heard voices, seen unclear figures and outlines. People called the Bermuda Triangle Forest and try to avoid him, and those who still visit, complain of headaches, dizziness, nausea and other malaise.
The legends go about the forest: as if she had a shepherd with two hundreds of sheep, one woman lost his memory, and once a five-year-old girl disappeared and appeared five years later, not at all matured.
In the 1960s, the teacher of biology Alexander Syft settled here: he made a large number of photographs of possible UFOs, unidentified glow and silhouettes, and also studied the phenomenon of "bald" glade - absolutely round, deprived vegetation of the land plot in the forest, which is local considered the portal to another Measurement. A comparative analysis of the soil showed that the land in the glade and from other sections of the forest is no different, and therefore, there is no scientific explanation to the phenomenon.
Syft noted that, according to local residents, the UFO is more common in the area. In the future, the study continued its military engineer Emil Barney. He took a picture that later some considered the most clear and reliable image of the UFO in Europe. Forest anomalies also described the scientist Adrian Patrut in the book of "Forest Hyia-Bach".
Forest of screaming ghosts
Near the English village of Plokley in Count, there is a screaming forest, which is considered the habitat of ghosts. According to the legend, in the XVIII century, the locals killed the robber in this forest and he still wanders and wants to take revenge. In addition to him, in these places allegedly there is a poltergeist and roam the spirits of other dead, including those who hanged on the colonel trees and teachers. Locals assure that early morning Screams come from the forest. They believe numerous ghost hunters: Tourists come to talk their nerves and nights roam among the trees, trying to hear anything unusual. For example, the team of The Visual Paranormal Investigation assumes that they managed to talk to the spirits of screaming forest.
Cursed forest
In the US in the state of Vermont there is a forest with a bad reputation: people disappeared in it without a trace. The inexplicable sounds, unusual atmospheric phenomena and unprecedented animals in the forest were also reported. The writer and folklorist Joseph Citro called this place by a Bennington triangle - by analogy with Bermuda. In his books, he argued that this place was considered damned since the time of the Indians: they tried to avoid him long before the coming of the colonists.
Stories about the bad forest were attended by local folklore with end XIX. century. According to beliefs, more than ten people were missing here, but only five cases were documented: they all occurred from 1945 to 1950. Among the missing: 74-year-old hunter and fisherman, well-known locality, 18-year-old student, 8-year-old boy, elderly veteran and 53-year-old hiking. The best body managed to detect seven months later, the rest were not found, despite the lengthy searches.
Satanist Reserve
Another abnormal forest in the USA - the Freetown Fall River Reserve in the south-east of Massachusetts, it is also called a bridgy triangle: it is believed that this is the territory of Satanists, bandits and suicides. According to legends, these edges have long served as a place of cult rites, including sacrifice and ritual animal killing. There are evidence of showing ball lightning, giant snakes, mutilated animals, UFOs and other unusual phenomena.
According to believe, these places were cursed by the angry at the colonists. Their graves remained in the forest. They say the spirits of the buried aborigines roam over the forest and eager to mess.
The police also have a "dossier" on the bad forest: several murders and accidents occurred here. In 1998, for example, the police discovered here mutilated mascaras of calves and cows, which, apparently, were sacrificed.
Radioactive forest
Redhead (red) Forest is the notorious area of \u200b\u200bthe forest around Chernobyl, which from the emission of radioactive dust acquired a reddish-brown color. Many trees were sought by an explosive wave and died. Due to the radioactive decay, it was still possible to observe the glow of trunks at night.
Since the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, almost 30 years have passed, but, as experts noted, the forest still remains radioactive. Last spring scientists from the USA and France made public the results of the study of the ecosystem of the Red Forest and pointed to the anomaly: dead trees are not decomposed, they seemed to be installed at the time of the accident. Scientists conducted an experiment: gathered several bags with leaves, not leaving radiation, and put them in different areas of the forest. The guessed confirmed: in places with increased radiation, the foliage overwhelmed by 40% slower than in conventional forest areas. This is explained by the fact that bacteria and fungi, causing rotting, are less active during radiation.
According to scientists, the Red Forest is potentially dangerous by the fire of accumulated vegetation - if it is lighting up, the radiation will spread wider.
Once upon a time, when I was small, I lived with my grandmother in a house near the forest. I really liked this forest. He seemed so mysterious and fabulous that I often flew there to play there. Grandma was very angry. She said that I did not run there, especially on the occurrence of darkness. But at dusk, this forest was so beautiful that I could not not run away.
I remember how to the next evening, while my grandmother was drown, I quietly got out of the house and ran into the forest. I liked the smell of leaves, mysterious shadows among trees, which are visible only at dusk. That evening I went so far into the forest, which was lost. I have long plot, in search of the road to the house. But I could not find it. For the first time during the time, how much I walked in this forest, I was afraid. I cried and called my grandmother. But she did not come.
For me, it was happiness when I saw among the trees a girl. I ran to her with the cries of "aunt, I lost, wait." She stopped. I ran up to her and began to pull the hem of her long skirt. She hugged me. Having calmed down a bit, I again told that I walked in the forest and got lost. When she asked where I live, I described the grandmother's house. She said he would take me home. On the way she talked to me. I found out that she has a son, my peer, he also ran into the forest and now she is looking for him. I said that I often walk here and if I see a boy, I will tell him that his mother is looking for him. She just smiled.
Soon we came to the grandmother's house. Grandma ran out to me to meet a very alarmed. She took me to the house without turning any attention to the woman. At home she began to report me. When I said that everything is fine and that a woman led me, which she should have been thanked, and not to pretend as if it was not at all. I told my grandmother that she should be ashamed, demanded that her grandmother came out and apologize to her. But instead of going out, the grandmother looked at me in surprise.
- What woman should I thank, granddaughter? - Grandma touched my forehead. - You came alone.
I jumped out to the street. There were no women anywhere. Probably she went to look for a son again. As I tried to prove with my grandmother, that the woman led me, she told that I came alone and there was no woman with me. A little later, the grandmother asked me about her. I described her, as I remembered. Grandma sighed and told me one story that was not similar to any of those she usually told me.
Once there was a house nearby, in which one woman lived with a little son. The husband threw her and did not come to see. Son was her only joy. But in one day he left playing in the forest and disappeared. Police have been looking for a long time with her, but they did not find anything. After a week, the search stopped. But the woman could not leave everything so simple. She continued to search for him in the forest itself. Went in the day and night in the forest, in search of a son. But never found. In the end, she hanged himself in the forest. She thought that if he died, she was on the light, even in the image of the ghost would find him. But apparently, she still did not even find him, since she goes there in the forest. Therefore, I apologize all the time, do not play in the forest after the onset of darkness. Now you all know.
The words of grandmothers plunged me in shock. In the morning I called my mother. She arrived and took me home. Mom asked her grandmother to go with us, but Granny refused. I came to her in the summer, but did not go to the forest anymore. Then grandmother died. I was already 16. After the funeral, the grandmother's house went to our parents. We come back there every summer. Sometimes, sitting on the porch, I look at the forest. In the evening, sometimes I still see among the trees that woman ... She is still looking for him ...
He started light. The outlines of the forest massif became clear and bright. The road went deep into the forest, hiding somewhere around the twist. And high thick-hearted oaks appeared as if the gates into the world of wonders and adventures.
"Very nice," yawning and rubbing his palms is still a sleepy face, Lia dropped.
But still slept, so supported the conversation was no one. Then Lia got out of warm friendly adhesions, with ease jumped out of the car body and, as if the weightless Pyryshko was sank on the grass's shelter.
Immediately, Zyabko and the morning thick fog latched not covered by maiden feet. Lia quickly got used to his coolness and her steps became light and air - she as if plowing and swam in a viscous foggy haze to the oak gates.
The mysterious and mysterious seemed to her this forest. He seemed to call her, lured, something found on his ear, shine and shimmer himself glare in Russia:
- Go s-s-here ... Go s-s-here ...
* * *
As soon as Lia entered the forest, another world turned out to be open, truly fabulous: here it was much warmer and smelled milk with strawberries, junched solar glare - then appearing, then again disappearing in dense hernnik, and somewhere in Dali Forest poured bird votes.
"I don't know how this is possible," Lia said, "but it really smells with strawberry milk," and immediately grinned, as if laughing at himself, "the crazy!"
Lia continued to soar along the paths of the fairy forest, which every step seemed to be softer and softer, as if the plush. Polyana could be seen nearby with dark blue flowers, similar to tiny bells. It seemed that with each new dungement of a light and warm breeze, they shuddered and played their floral melody. Lia was not kept and a subtle graceful finger staged a chime from the dew drops on the bells:
"Dzinz-Dz-Z-Zyn," they tried ignorantly, "Dzin-Dz-zyn," as if teasing.
"Dzinz-Dz-zyn," the echo picked up.
- Dzi-s-ig! - Put a point in his symphony of Lia.
The silk petals of dark-blue buds stopped trembling and silently rushed to the nose to the ground.
In this forest lazuri, in its immeasibility and sweetness, the time was not powerful or only dropping a look on the wrist, where the gilded watch recently presented with grandmother, Lia came to return - it was time to return.
"Surely the guys have already woke up," she thought and mentally began to prepare for their morality and in order, "the chipmunks," Lia laughed, and he even had time to imagine it.
Then noble, lifting the hem of his outfit, and slightly tilted the head, the girlish shifted:
- Sorry, sorry, I have time!
With the same enthusias and fun, she rushed forward, but at that time he stopped: the forest seemed to her completely stranger ... She could not understand, in which direction she needed to move, and even more so recall, where she wandered here. But Lyi, it was not a bit no bit embarrassed and did not even scare it: it is so typical for the dreamy and thoughtful Lii, which is that "hovers in the clouds." And she smiled, remembering the faces of friends and their relatives, with whom they presented this saying.
- Ahaha, - and in the forest, as if a murmur stream, a ringing girl spread, - Vitai! Fly! A pair and - I don't touch! "And Lia said, as if walling in a secular ball, all the perky laughing and noticing anything around.
"Tish-sh is ... Tish-Shhe, - a languid painful voice sought a forest.
But Lia continued to sing his songs, grate with a light moth over juicy forest lawns.
- Tish-sh is ... Tish-Shh, - An invisible voice became more and more insistent.
- What is it? - Lia thought and she slowly stopped, almost no fallen, confused in the movement of the legs.
The rapid, rapid impulse fear permeed the body of the girl from his legs to the head and she again became Zyabko, not even by itself. The forest was silent: no other bird singing, neither the chimes of dew on the colors, no responsive echo ...
"What is me so stupid," Lia rushes a trembling voice, trying to somehow comfort himself, "because the young trees are moving around," she didn't breathe at all, she took a quiet thing: "I will be quieter, my good, I promise." In general, I have time. True, she stretched out, "I think I got lost, just ... I got lost. Maybe you tell me the opposite way?! - And the girl with the pads of the fingers lucked the leaf on the young church.
- Tish-sh is ... - Again, he was heard that the most languid voice and the forest evened him - - - Tish-Shh ...
And Lia stood as if enchanted, nothing hears anything and not seeing in front of him: the leaflet from the tree was like a flap, a suede flap - absolutely not alive, not real ... The girl immediately attainted and looked around: everything around her was really somehow non-living, Not real and not so fabulous. Rather, it resembled the scenery to the play. Then Lia closed his eyes with her palms and began to count out loud:
"Once, two, three ... and I wake up," she uttered the right palm and immediately screamed: there was still the same butt phony of the suede forest.
- Yes, you are quiet, the nasty girl, - Zabbnil strange voice, only this time louder, with obvious discontent and irritation, - no calm! - Yawning yes, so carefully, as if only awakened child, said a stranger.
- Everything! I was brought-down-done, "Lia uttered confused, without understanding nothing, she talks to anyone," she added himself, "she added sobbing.
"Eh, if it's easier to explain and interpret, then let it be like that," as if laughing, Schieprenel and hoarsely stood his voice.
- Who are you?! - Lia started.
- And who are you?! - a voice responded.
"It's exactly crushed," Lia was confused.
"Ugh," the voice was upset, "which is not interesting you turned out to be:" Not curious, not by attaching, not interested, "and this someone sighed.
"Of course not interesting," Lia was indignant, "to talk with himself - oh how interesting," she said with reproach.
"Well, okay," and the voice became softer and more pleasant. It seemed that he was approaching and somewhere nearby. - Boo! - right on the ear, as if a deaf shot, hurried the flow of warm air.
Lia shuddered and slightly bounced aside: in front of her, holding one hand over the branch of the tree, dangled a redhead boy. Like a small monkey, he swore is right, then left, intently examining an unexpected guest. And everything around, too, hurt, as if peeking and listened.
- You woke me up, - Finally, the boy said, with some annoyance and offended in his voice, - and I love to sleep, especially in the morning ...
And the stranger began to chat without silent, though everything about the same thing.
- Here I have fallen! - Lia was outraged - I understood everything and I apologize to you, Misa ... Um, - and the coquetty Lia confused: she did not know how to turn to this strange boy.
- Wait, - and she slowed down with her hand so that he stopped hanging out, - what's your name?! - Interested, with the usual cast and curiosity sounded the voice of Lii.
She did not even notice how recent excitement and anxiety disappeared somewhere, and it became comfortable and cozy again, and most importantly - safely.
And the boy jumped to the ground:
"There is no one to call here," as if the obvious fact fell his words, "I'm alone here.
- But how so?! - Lia was indignant, - by a minute, and me?!
"You're," and he began to look for the right, the right word, ridiculously soaring the temple, "And you are different," he finally gave out, apparently and not seen the right word, "and you see otherwise, not as others ..."
- How so?! - With a mistrust and an inherent irony, Lia was blipped out, trying to prolong the boy with a shrill look.
"It's very simple," he continued calmly, "others do not see what you see," the boy grinned.
On the one hand, Lia got a little glanced: as if the Duru is doing from her - so everything is simple and folded by him, and she, you see, does not understand such simple things. But on the other hand, it may found himself somewhere in another world or the third dimension, not affordable and unexplored by other people. And here it is so unique and unique in his own way - the other, simply speaking.
"No, this is not a fantasy is violence," Lia suddenly came to mind.
- Boo! - Already in the other Ear dropped a wave of warm air, - What did you fall asleep?! What are you strange, - and he laughed.
His laughter was a perky, rolling and very loud that it was very difficult to stay, so Lia picked up him and, too, not to laugh with this.
- invented! - suddenly cried a lively Lia, - I will call you a bu! - She smiled and handed him his hand.
The boy was confused at her and did not understand what was happening now and what to do, so he just nodded and stretched his hand. His big brown eyes seemed to be an immense folding of the Ten and mysteries, which was unknown by mankind, in the general all that was so Manilo and fascinated by Lei. The boy shumbled with eyelashes, continuing to look at her and Lia immediately descended from heaven to Earth:
"And I am Lia," and she shook him with dark, blurred hand, which seemed to her such a child, cool something.
- Lia, - slowly, stretched, as if enjoying the sound, this will pronounce, - very beautiful nameThat flower.
And from this timid sincerity, what kind of lie seemed, she had not yet met, it became a little alone. The broths girls floated with a reddish blush, and she lowered her eyes: after all, she was very nice to hear such.
- And you want, I will show you the most beautiful blooming garden?! - enthusiastically pronounced and, without waiting for her answer, grabbed Leah by his hand and hurriedly told him.
