Climate of Central Africa. Climate of the South African Republic What temperature in South Africa
The climate of South Africa is tropical, in the south of the country - subtropical. South Africa is located in the south of the African continent, and on the one hand is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, on the other - Indian. At the same time, the western coast of the country is washes the cold Bengal current, and the Eastern - warm Mozambique flow. Sea currents have a huge impact on the formation of the country's climate. So, the eastern coast of South Africa has average air temperatures, approximately 6 ° C above (due to a warm Mozambic current) than those who are on the same latitude of the west coast (in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Bengal flow, the water temperature is not rising above + 18 ° FROM).
The climatic conditions in South Africa are very diverse and depend on the height relative to the ocean level and remoteness from it, while even neighboring areas may differ significantly from each other by air temperature. For example, the average annual temperature in Cape Town and in Pretoria is the same, although these cities are distant from each other with almost ten degrees of latitude (!).
A bright pronounced subtropical climate with high humidity is characteristic of the eastern province of Quadan-Natal, and the central part of the country has a hot summer with rare thunderstorms and cool winters. Central alpine areas are characterized by large daily amplitudes of temperature, and even in winter, even frosts occur at night. In coastal areas, the climate is more humid and is characterized by an abundance of tropical rains.
In general, the climate in South Africa is very comfortable and healthy. There are no malaria and yellow fever in the country, which are present in many African countries. South Africa takes one of the first places in the world by number sunny days (!). Seven months a year the sun is constantly shining here! It absorbs more than half of the solar energy of the entire Earth for 1 m².
Since South Africa is in the southern part of the hemisphere, climatic seasons It is replaced by each other. Seasonal differences are expressed more dramatically when comparing the northern part of the country with South. But, in general, climatic periods are replaced, practically, imperceptibly.
Winter in South Africa
In early December, the roast tropical summer begins in South Africa. This is a very pleasant season of the year, when it is solar and dry weather, heat, if there is, moderate, and the nights bring coolness. Day and night air temperatures rise to comfortable, for beach holidays, marks, and tourists can enjoy soaring in the sun. It was in the summer period, from December to March, the temperature of the water in the oceans reaches its maximum, while the Atlantic has never been warm and the water temperature is heated, just to + 20 ° C. But the water temperature in Port Elizabeth reaches + 22 ° C.
The main beach area of \u200b\u200bthe country can be called the coast of Natal Province, south and north of Durban. On the shores of the Indian Ocean in South Africa, almost the sun is always shining, clear weather dominates all year round, regardless of the time of year. The average day air temperature in Durban in summer months It is + 28 ° C, at night to + 25 ° C. You can swim here throughout the year - the temperature of the water in the ocean reaches + 24 ° C in the summer and to + 20 ° C in winter.
In the area of \u200b\u200bJohannesburg and Pretoria, the summer is rainy, but the rains go, as a rule, only in the afternoon, it is always sunny and dry. The average daily air temperature in Pretoria and in Johannesburg at this time of the year is + 28 ° C, at night there is a slight cooling - up to + 23 ° C. In the mountainous areas between Johannesburg and the transcribe of air temperature fall in accordance with the height above sea level (the greater height - the lower the air temperature).
Cape Town is considered the most windy town in the world. The average daily air temperature in Cape Town in the summer months is + 26 ° C, dropped at night, just up to + 20 ° C. At this time of the year it blows here eastern windwhich is called "Cape Doctor". Despite the small discomfort (since the wind is strong enough) it scares insects and disperses industrial emissions. In summer, a clouds hang over the dining room, and this is considered one of the landscape sights of this country.
Despite the seemingly small air temperatures for Africa, the sun is very hot here, and burns very quickly. From the end of February, you can meet birds going in flocks and circling over the beaches and villages. Many feathered (for example, haircuts and swallows) overcome the long way and fly to South Africa from the northern hemisphere to be overwhelmed, and at the end of the summer (winter) are going to return home back. So, do not be surprised, if at the other end of the globe, thousands of kilometers from the house, you will meet such familiar and family birds ...
Spring in South Africa
March - the last hot month in South Africa, the end of the month can be characterized as the beginning of autumn. The average daily air temperature in Cape Town is + 25 ° C, falling at night to + 19 ° C, in Pretoria and in Johannesburg Day, on average, + 26 ° C, and at night to + 19 ° C. The warmer in March will be in Durban - up to + 28 ° C during the daytime, at night + 25 ° C. And if March is still quite suitable for a beach holiday, starting from April to swim will be cool. But, it is at this time the hunting season opens - all hunting farms are open. The hunt for baboons common in the territory of South Africa in large quantities is especially common, because these monkeys are predators and exterminates young antelopes.
In April, the autumn period comes throughout South Africa. Despite the fact that in the fall falls extremely few precipitation, at night and in the morning, almost, throughout the country, a dense fog rises. Autumn in South Africa is not much different from autumn in European latitudes. Many yellow deciduous treesAnd the vineyards are covered with golden autumn paints.
The air temperature is universally reduced by 2 - 3 degrees, and the daily differences are becoming more. The average daily air temperature in April in Cape Town reaches + 22 ° C, and at night it drops to + 17 ° C. In Pretoria and in Johannesburg in April during the daytime, about + 24 ° C, at night to + 19 ° C. In Durban, it is still warm - day + 25 ° C, at night to + 21 ° C.
Livni pursuant in South Africa, cloudy weather begins to prevail, many trees acquire a yellow tint. This time is associated with harvesting, therefore, in the fields you can notice many peasants who remove corn, cotton and sugar cane.
In May, throughout South Africa becomes even colder. The average daily air temperature in Cape Town is already eligible to + 19 ° C, and at night there is no more than + 14 ° C, and everything is due to strong and cold winds. A little warmer in Pretoria and in Johannesburg - During the day to + 22 ° C, but at night, also cool - no more than + 15 ° C. In Durban, too, windy, but there is a warmer - the average daily air temperature + 24 ° C, at night to + 20 ° C.
Summer in South Africa
In June, the winter period begins in South Africa. The weather behaves very unpredictably during the day. Also, climatic conditions differ from the location - in some regions in the winter season, it is very comfortable, in others it is very cold. On the territory of Savannan and plains, the sediments fall extremely rarely, and in the mountains there is quite often the snow and air temperature can fall below 0 ° C. When moving from Cape Town to the north along the Atlantic shore, the climate becomes land and hotter - the desert of Namib is approaching. Here, the shore is inhabitited by large colonies of birds (chas, Olush, Pelicans, Flamingo and many others), and the Cold Bengal Code significantly reduces the temperature of the Atlantic Waters. With cold flow, sardines come to the shores and remain on spawning. And behind them are predators - sharks, seals, dolphins and others, therefore, the winter period is considered the best time for diving in these places. Those who are lucky to find a pack of Sardin under water will be very impressed. A shark and dolphins are twisted everywhere, which are covered by the thirst for light, and cut into the water.
In winter, on the coasts of South Africa, the wind blows and the rains come from time to time. The average daily air temperature in winter in Cape Town is about + 17 ° C, very cool, just up to + 12 ° C. In Pretoria and in Johannesburg, the day + 19 ° C, at night, too, to + 12 ° C. In Durban, a little warmer - + 21 ° C Day and up to + 17 ° C at night, not very beach weather. In the mountains in the midst of winter you can see the snow, and not enough. Sometimes snow is in major citiesbut there he quickly melts.
Walking in South Africa tourists in the middle of winter is waiting for a stunning spectacle. In July, whales are massively sailing to the shores and are located near the coast until October. At the shores of South Africa, whales give birth and raise the cubs. At this time, they approach the shore so close that they are visible to the naked eye. Therefore, the ships are often overwear to the sea, who want to face near the vast whale!
August - the last winter month in South Africa. This time is best suited for visiting the southern part of Kalahari desert. From mid-August to mid-September, the desert is covered by millions of colors. The whole desert is on orange flame, occasionally diluted with yellow or blue glades.
Autumn in South Africa
From the very first days of September, Spring begins in South Africa! At this time, the temperature of the air begins everywhere, the precipitation becomes less, and the sun shines more and more often. Water in rivers and lakes warmer, its temperature is approximately + 15 ° C. The vegetation of plants is actively developing, everything around flows and smells. This time is the best for visiting national parks and trips to the remote location of the country.
Perhaps only in South Africa can be seen so many colors. They are literally covered by all lawns within cities and fields outside of civilization. In the spring, the Kalahari desert continues to bloom, where there are 3,000 types of colors (!), Of which about 1,500 unique (!), There are no more anywhere on Earth. And 4,000 species of colors flourish in Namakalaland (!), 1,000 of which are unique. Here, the flowers dried with the onset of summer, and the place turns into the desert.
Already in September in the West, the country is becoming more and more sunny days, and the rains are even less often - only 2 - 3 rain can pass in a month. Cape Town at this time is very picturesque - his botanical gardens and flower beds are considered one of the most beautiful in the world! average temperature Air in Cape Town in September + 18 ° C, at night to + 14 ° C, but the ocean at the coast of the city at this time of the year is very cold - no more than + 15 ° C. Very warm in September will be in Pretoria and in Johannesburg, here the average daily air temperature rises as much as + 26 ° C, at night, as a rule, about + 20 ° C. But in Durban, it is still not hot - the air temperature is heated only to + 23 ° C, falling at night to + 20 ° C. But the ocean on this side of the coast is slightly warmer, and in September he warms up to + 18 ° C.
In October, South Africa is becoming warmer. This month, the most beautiful city in the country, the Pretoria is rightfully considered. The fact is that the whole city is planted with trees called "Jacaranda". In October, these trees begin to bloom, staining all the streets in purple color and makes an incredible fragrance everywhere. The smell of these colors makes women around the world to look for at least a little perfumeing perfume.
In October, the average daytime temperature in Cape Town reaches already + 21 ° C, at night drops to + 16 ° C. In Pretoria and in Johannesburg in October there are wonderful air temperatures - day, on average, + 27 ° C, at night + 22 ° C, and in Durban Day + 23 ° C, at night + 20 ° C. In some mountainous regions of the country, strong daily temperature fluctuations occur in the spring, when the air cools up to a temperature below 0 ° C. Most a large number of The precipitation in the mountains is at all time.
November - the last spring month is a great time for traveling around the country. Especially nice this month visiting the canyon of the Blide River. At this time, in good spring weather There is a review of 120 kilometers around, it seems that the whole earth seems to be visible. This place was called the "God Window".
The November air temperature in the country is beautiful: the average daytime temperature in Cape Town is + 22 ° C, though at night drops to + 17 ° C. In Pretoria and in Johannesburg in November, the day is very comfortable - about + 27 ° C, at night to + 22 ° C. In Durban, on average, + 23 ° C, at night about + 21 ° C.
The amount of precipitation in South Africa is distributed unevenly and significantly hesitates from the west to the east. In the North-West countries, the annual precipitation does not exceed 200 mm of precipitation per year. Eastern regions of South Africa receive from 500 mm to 900 mm of precipitation per year, and sometimes the amount of precipitation is exceeding 2,000 mm of precipitation per year. The central part of the country receives, on average, 400 mm precipitation per year, and this indicator increases when approaching the coast.
When it is better to go to South Africa. You can go to South Africa in any month, here the best time to visit the country depends only on your desires. If you dream of visiting an extraordinary Cape Town - the best time to travel - the summer months - from December to March. At this time, here, as a rule, heat and sunny, only sometimes can go pouring rain with a thunderstorm and lightning and make a little cold. But remember: high season South Africa begins on December 20 to January 5, when most people take their annual vacation, the prices for accommodation, flights and car rental will be very high. And although Cape Town is beautiful at any time of the year - the most comfortable here will be in the summer.
If you eat in South Africa for a beach vacation - then boldly go to the neighborhood of Durban for a good wave and the warmest sea in the country. Beach vacation here is possible in the summer months - from December to March, this time is considered the warmest and most comfortable. Here you can perfectly relax on luxury beaches, bathing, sunbathing, engaged in surfing, canoeing, snorkeling, diving or fishing. But the remaining months are affordable for a beach holiday - here it is cold, windy and sometimes very rainy.
Spring months - from September to November - the best time to visit the Western Cape Province, the time when the magnificent wild flowers and daisies are blooming in the Valley. In addition, it is the spring that blooms everything around, each flower, each plant in the country blooms and publishes a fragrant fragrance. Even the large cities of South Africa and those can not oppose the spring mood, and even here all the streets bloom in a pedestal carpet. Therefore, if you need really colorful photos, go to South Africa in the spring months.
Numerous National South African Parks can be visited at any time of the year, but, for example, reserves in Zululenda, Natal, preferably visited winter months between July and September. At this time, here you can see in large quantities of hippos, crocodiles and white rhinos.But one of the best reserves of Africa and the most famous Park of South Africa - National Park Kruger - Better to visit from May to October, when there is a dry season, and the months of September and October are especially favorable. At this time, you can see the maximum variety of local fauna, because most animals are going at this time of the year at the reservoirs.
Autumn months - from March and before the beginning of June - the hunting season in the country, and if you are a big fan of hunting, you can try your strength on the expanses of Africa.
The time from July to October - it will be excellent for watching whales. It is during this period that they massively sail to the coast of South Africa, here there are a lot of them, at the same time they begin to multiply here.
In the winter months, it is better to exclude from visiting the coastal cities of South Africa - here the raw, drooping, cold and rainy. Special climate is famous for the mountainous region of the country - in the winter there can be very cold and drifts on the knee.
Tours in South Africa – Special offers of the day
It refers to the rare corners on our planet, where not every tourist gets. But we dream of a similar journey almost all who are familiar to the faces and the aroma of the land scorched under the sun. Although South Africa, whose climate is very diverse, can give not only sunny days, but also rainy weeks, when everything around for many kilometers is influenced by bad weather.
geographical position
South Africa is a fairly young state, today he has not yet been more and a hundred years. But the history of this place is truly unique and refers to the most ancient on the planet.
South Africa is located on the southern part of the African continent and extends to more than one million square kilometers. On this territory there are nine provinces and three capitals. Few people know that the Republic of South Africa is one of the richest countries in the world. Here are the deposits of manganese, diamonds and gold, and the variety of flora and fauna can envy recognized leaders in the list of countries recommended for visiting countries.
Such a variety of plants and animals, many of whom are truly unique, provided South Africa climate. He surprisingly retained rare plants, which cannot be found anywhere else on the planet and provided comfortable life Many species of animals.
Climate South Africa: Briefly about the main thing
If you talk about the climate of the South Africa republic, the most important thing is that it is necessary to mention is the number of climatic zones. On the territory of the state, there are twenty, this is not found in any other country of the world! These amazing features of the climate of South Africa provided the state the influx of tourists who were able to estimate the possibilities of recreation several years ago in the Republic of South Africa. After all, in one journey you can easily cross several climatic zones and lively see rare animal species.
South Africa: Nature and climate
The territory of South Africa is washed by the waters of two oceans at once, which significantly affects the climate of the state. The Indian Ocean brings warm subtropical air, but the Atlantic contributes to the formation of hot and dry air masses over the greater half of the South African Republic. In general, the climate in the country can be characterized as moderate, which is very unusual for this geographic location. But do not forget that South Africa is highly high above sea level and is often influenced by the fresh ocean breeze. This feature makes it easy to transfer even a summer heat that exceeds thirty-five degrees Celsius.
Twenty climatic zones existing in South Africa can be divided into:
- tropics;
- subtropics;
- mediterranean.
East of the country is inherent in large humidity and high average annual temperatures, which is very similar from the Asian mainland. North South Africa can be safely attributed to a tropical climate with a large amount of precipitation, but the south is just a Mediterranean paradise. Tourists from Europe are often coming here, surprised by quite pleasant and comfortable climatic conditions.
Climate South Africa: Interesting features
For those who first come to South Africa, the climate is able to prevent many surprises and surprises. For example, the spread of average annual temperatures in different parts of the country is very surprising. It can reach up to ten or twelve degrees, which is absolutely impossible in other states.
Winter and summer in South Africa are opposed to the usual seasons for residents of Europe and Asia. From October to April in the country lasts summer, and since May it begins the winter period. Moreover, spring and autumn flutter almost unnoticed, they are very short. Usually the offseason does not last more than two or three weeks. The average monthly summer temperature is twenty-five degrees above zero Celsius, in winter, especially in the desert, the thermometer column can be lowered to zero. In the daytime, even in winter, the air is quickly heated, which allows tourists to visit South Africa at any time of the year.
The effect of climate on the flora and fauna South Africa
The large territory of South Africa is given to national parks and reserves. They are forbidden to hunt, and ideal conditions for the active life of animals have been created. Tourists who come to the African continent are trying to go to safari to look at Lviv, elephants and rhinos in their natural habitat. They feel great in the conditions of a large number of climatic zones and after the ban on their shooting was introduced, significantly increased their population.
For Botany South Africa, it seems to be just a paradise, because many known to us houseplants were taken to Europe precisely from here. To date, the country boasts the largest number of endemics plants in the world. Now there are more than five thousand species, which are not found in nature anywhere else. This fact makes the climate of South Africa is really special.
Great interest for scientists is a silver flower, which is a symbol of the country. The fact is that it is found only in the territory of South Africa. The climate of the country amazingly affects this plant. On the one hand, climatic conditions allow the flower to grow within one habitat, and on the other it is the climate does not allow the possibility of spreading this plant throughout the South African Republic.
South Africa - Highly developed country, particle of Europe on the African continent. Well-thought-out tourist infrastructure, high standard of living of the population and stable economy - not quite typically for Africa, isn't it? But in South Africa, all this reality. And even the climate here has to yourself: comfortable air temperature is almost all year round, the warm ocean, and even the possibilities for ski extreme create optimal conditions for recreation. It would seem that paradise on earth? But even in paradise there are their own faders to whom it is worth being prepared before the trip.
South Africa climatic zones
The climate in the South Africa republic is surprisingly soft. There is no extreme temperature peaks here. Although the country is located on the African continent, and there is a desert on its territory, unbearable heat is rare here.
The location in the southern hemisphere makes the climate of South Africa directly opposite to European: Winter - in the summer, summer - in winter.
Geographically, South Africa is in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tropics, but the weather on its territory is determined by the effect of the aerial ocean masses, and only partly with relief.
South Africa is the only country on the African continent, where the population is so diverse. 1/3 of the locals make up ethnic Europeans.
In winter, dry non-sucking weather is reigning in the country. The high atmospheric pressure area creates optimal conditions for visiting. In the summer it becomes hotter because of the influence of air masses from the Indian Ocean, which bring the rainy season.
South Africa climatic zones can be divided like this:
- West Coast. The Cold Bengal Current in the Atlantic Ocean does the main impact on the formation of the climate of the western part of the country. Here is the desert of Namib and the city of Cape Town. The precipitation is very small. For several years in the area of \u200b\u200bthe desert may not fall any rain at all. This is due to the fact that at least air masses and carry moisture to the continent, but because of the large ledge of them, the path of deep into the territory is blocked.
- Central South Africa.These are predominantly mountainous areas, therefore daily temperature fluctuations - the usual phenomenon characterizing high resistance. In winter, freezes are often free.
- East Coast. Unlike Western regions, in the East - high humidity and a significant amount of precipitation dropped - up to 1200 mm / year.
Climate by region:
- Western Cape.It belongs to Cape Town. Here prevails subtropical Mediterranean climate . Dry summer (December-February), Cold Winter (June-August). Characteristic strong winds.
- Howeng.. Center - Johannesburg. Subtropical climate. In May-April - Peak rainy time. But the city itself is located in the highlands, so there is a dry comfortable weather.
- Casulu-Natal. Center - Durban. Climate - subtropical Oceanic involving hot summer (up to + 34 ° C) and warm winter. In the mountains of Drainsberg falls snow.
- East Cape. In Port Elizabeth - subtropical climate . All year round can be sent here on safari, and for a beach holiday it is worth choosing a time between November and March.
- Mpumalanga. Subtropical climate. The cooler area is the park of Kruger, the weather in the rest of the regions is significantly welcoming.
- Northwest. Most of the territory occupies the desert Kalahari. The climate is appropriate.
- Limpopo.. Tropical climate . The northern part of the Kruger Park, which is located in the area, unfavorable climate in October-March (up to + 45 ° C).
Water off the coast of South Africa warms up to + 26 ° C. The exception is the Atlantic Ocean, where, due to the Bengal flow, water rarely exceeds the mark + 18 ° C.
South Africa Tourist Seasons
Tourist peak visits to South Africa falls on November-December. Interestingly, at this time - the rainy season. The fact is that during this period it is the hottest weather, and the water in the ocean is the warmest. So that the rains have not spoiled rest, you should go away from the central districts - to the coasts where precipitation is less. By the way, thunderstorms and shower in South Africa is usually nightclock, so the sun is often shining in the afternoon. The smallest rainfall is in the period of rain in the south of the country.
The characteristic feature of the weather South Africa is when in the summer in the morning sunny, and closer to the evening they are raining with thunderstorms. Exception - the west coast and Cape Town - there is a rainy period only in winter. The largest precipitation falls in the north of the country.
The best time for observations of nature and traditional safari is the period from May to August, when the grass is not so high, and the maximum visibility is preserved. For beach entertainment it is better to choose the period from November to mid-March.
Tourism is one of the main items of the budget of the South Africa. Every year, with natural diversity, almost a million tourists are visited by the country.
What to take with you
In Cape Town, located on the west coast of South Africa, and washed cold Bengal, rarely it is hot. But it is often cold. The jacket with a long sleeve or even a sweater with a jacket does not interfere with even African summer.
For safaris, there are not so many T-shirts, how many windscreen, warm pullover, hat, or bondan, sneakers or shoes. On the night safari you need to dress still warmer. In the cold, take with you: gloves, fleece cap, windbreaker, cloak.
You should not take on safari, or in general for a trip to South Africa, Khaki color. Here is an ambiguous attitude.
Separate theme - malaria. No vaccination is made to prevent her prevention (this is a great misconception), and special medical preparations are administered orally. Before the trip, it is necessary to consult a doctor and protect yourself from such an unpleasant disease. But it is worth noting that South Africa is not included in the "malarious" zone, plus you need to consider the trip season. If dry is nothing to be afraid if the rainy season is at its discretion. Be sure to enter the country to have vaccination from the yellow fever. Unquestionable - availability of medical insurance.
Be sure to take with you repellents, tanning cream, sunglasses, closed clothes and hats.
The banking system is well developed in South Africa, but still there are places (refueling, for example), where credit cards do not accept, you need to pay cash. It is worth having better dollars than the euro.
From things "Mast Hav" for traveling to South Africa: comfortable clothing from X / B materials for safaris and excursions, elegant clothes for restaurants, a wool sweater for night or evening walks, windbreak when visiting Cape Town.
Weather in South Africa for months
December-February
In December, summer comes in South Africa. There are not many precipitation, the air temperature is comfortable. In Cape Town to + 26 ° C and very cool at night - maximum + 16 ° C. In the south to + 28 ° C, in the northeast + 32 ° C. Temperature in the Indian Ocean to + 25 ° C. African summer continues in January-February. The precipitation is small, the temperature in the country on average during the day + 26 ° C. Water in the Atlantic Ocean + 19 ° C, in Indian to + 25 + 26 ° C. In January, you should not go to Durban, there is peak on the number of precipitation.
December - Peak tourist season In South Africa, therefore prices at this time, especially for truols, utmost. Many come here on Christmas Eve, which is celebrated on December 25th. On January 1, South Africa celebrate the meeting of the New Year.
March-May
Since March, the air temperature begins to decline gradually. The coldest weather on the west coast. The temperature of the water in the Atlantic Ocean is practically not suitable for swimming - already cold (+ 17 ° C). In the Indian Ocean, it is possible to bathe - up to + 23 + 24 ° C.
Human rights day falls on March 21. National holiday, Freedom Day, celebrate on April 27.
June August
African winter begins. Most of the territory is pretty cool. Snow falls in the mountains, freaks are frequent.
South Africa has opportunities for skiing. Dragon Mountains and Veld are the focus of skiing in South Africa. Surprisingly, on the edge of light, on the African continent, there is everything in order to go fine or snowboarding. Season in the Dragon Mountains - June-August. Natural snow cover here is not enough, so using the "minus" in the night hours, in the ski resorts run snow guns. Thus, two-meter snow cover and tightly reclosted slopes create skiing good conditions For skating.
At this time, the Safari season begins in the south of the Kruger Park. In August it is worth going to Cape Town. There at the coast Atlantic Ocean Whale season begins. It lasts until the end of March.
September-November
September - a great time for Safari in Limpopo. In November - the rainy season.
Ride on the retro train Rovos Rail in the most picturesque corners! This is a historic train whose wagons were specially linked in 1911 for the European Royal Family. If there is such an opportunity, it is necessary to use it, and go to a somewhat-day tour of the train! Season - from September to April.
September 24 marks heritage day. National Parks South Africa is a real natural treasure of the planet. The Kruger National Park is an amazing place where the kingdom of animals in the natural environment of their habitat for 350 km of the original Savanna is dominated. Hlukhluwe-Ufolosi Park is better visited from March to November. Mountain Zebra National Park is famous for the livestock of unique Zebras, and "Addo Elephant National Park" - elephants.
Weather in cities and resorts by month
Pretoria.
| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Jun. | Jul | Aug. | Sen. | Oct. | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Maximum, ° C | 29 | 28 | 27 | 24 | 22 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | |
| Middle minimum, ° C | 18 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 17 |
Bloemfontein
| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Jun. | Jul | Aug. | Sen. | Oct. | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Maximum, ° C | 31 | 29 | 27 | 23 | 20 | 17 | 17 | 20 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | |
| Middle minimum, ° C | 15 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 3 | -2 | -2 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 12 | 14 |
Durban
| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Jun. | Jul | Aug. | Sen. | Oct. | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Maximum, ° C | 28 | 28 | 28 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 27 | |
| Middle minimum, ° C | 21 | 21 | 20 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 20 | |
| Rains, mm. | 134 | 113 | 120 | 73 | 59 | 38 | 39 | 62 | 73 | 98 | 108 | 102 |
East London
| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Jun. | Jul | Aug. | Sen. | Oct. | But I | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Maximum, ° C | 26 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 25 | |
| Middle minimum, ° C | 18 | 19 | 18 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 17 |
Total area: 1 219 912 sq. M. km. Larger than the United Kingdom, 2 times - France and is equal to Germany, France and Italy together. The length of the border: 4750 km. Borders with Mozambique, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Coastline: 2798 km.
Population: about 40 million people. Ethnic groups: black - 75.2%, white - 13.6%, colored -8.6%, Indians - 2.6% Official languages: Afrikaans, English, Naddeel, Zulu, Spit, Swami, Suto, Tswan, Tsong, Venda, Pedi. Religion: Christianity (68%), Hinduism (1.5%), Islam (2%), Animism, etc. (28.5%).
Capital: Cape Town (Parliament), Pretoria (Government), Bloemfontein (Supreme Court). Cape Town population - 2,350 157 people, Johannesburg - 1,916,063 people, Pretoria - 1 080 187 people. Board form: Republic Administrative division: 9 provinces - Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, Quadzulo-Natal, Mpumalanga, North-West Province, Northern Cape, Northern Province, Western Cape.
Natural resources South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is located in the south of the African continent, in tropical and subtropical latitudes Southern Hemisphere. The territory of South Africa is 4.2% of the continent (1221 thousand square meters km). Landscapes are most characteristic of the country natural zones Savannan and steady, semi-deserts and deserts, replacing each other from the east to the west. Plateau and plateaus are cool down to coastal lowland in the east and to the depression in the south. The coatless slopes of the subtropical evergreen and leaf fall trees and shrubs.
In the north of South Africa has land borders that pass mainly on airless semi-desert and desert areas. In the North-West, it borders with Namibia, in the north with Botswana and Zimbabwe, in the east, with Mozambique and Swaziland. The Kingdom of Lesotho is located on the territory of South Africa as an enclave. In the West, the country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, and in the south and east - the Indian Ocean. This location of the country predetermines the presence of various natural landscapes.
Relief South Africa is characterized by the predominance of high plain plateau. About half of the territory has a height from 1000 to 1600 m, more than 3/4 is located above 600 m above sea level, only a narrow strip of coastal lowland in the West, the south and east does not exceed a height of 500 m.
In general, the relief is determined by the internal plateau and the coastal plains of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The plateau falls from the south-east to the north-west. The most sublime parts are on the border with Lesotho (more than 3,600 m), and the least elevated-in the pool r. Molololo (less than 800 m).
Narrow stripe in the east, south and west of the country extend coastal plains. In the extreme south, the coastal lowland is very narrow; To the north, it gradually expands to 65-100 km.
Statistical indicators of South Africa
(as of 2012)
The variety of geological structure, the exits of ancient crystalline, often metamorphiced rocks led the exceptional wealth of the country with mineral resources. In total, 56 species of mineral raw materials were found on its territory. On a relatively small area, a truly unique set of a wide variety of minerals is found: chrome, coal, iron, nickel, phosphates, tin, copper, vanadium; The world's largest gold supplier (more than 15,000,000 Troy ounces per year). South Africa takes the first or one of the world's first places in stocks and mining platinum, diamonds, antimony, uranium and manganese ores, chromites, asbestos, andalusite, etc. The only disadvantage of the mineral resource base is the lack of explored oil reserves. In this regard, the main place in the fuel and energy balance of the country takes coal.
Climate South Africa
The country is located in the area of \u200b\u200bsubtropical, and north of 30 ° YU. Sh.-tropical climate. Average annual temperatures All accommodation is positive (from + 12 ° to + 23 ° C). The difference in the temperatures of the "cold" and the "roast" belt is about 10 ° C. Determines this difference not so much latitude as relief and fluctuations in absolute heights. As height increases, the amplitudes of the daily and annual temperatures are increasing, the possibility of frosts and their duration increase.
River South Africa
Lack of moisture on most of the country does not contribute to the emergence of large lake-river systems. The density of the river network is extremely uneven. Most permanent rivers belong to the Indian Ocean Basin. The largest of them are: Limpopo, Tug, Blat, Great Key, Great Fish, Sandis, Gauritans, etc. In most cases, these are short, spoiled rivers, originating on the eastern and southern windy slopes of a large ledge. They are full, mostly rain food, with summer maximum water consumption.
The largest orange river in South Africa (tributaries of Waal, Caledon, Marriage, etc.) has a length of 1865 km and belongs to the atlantic ocean pool. It proceeds through dry inner plateaus and strongly melts in the lower current. A number of large hydraulic structures were built on the river and its tributaries. To the north of the average flow of the orange river proceeds several seasonal rivers (NOB, MOLOLOLO, Kuruman et al.), Belonging to the field of the inner flow of Kalahari plains.
Under conditions of lack of surface waters, groundwater acquires special importance. They are used by both industrial enterprises and many farms of the central and western regions of the internal plateau. On the west coast there are plants for debris sea waterWater is cleaned for reuse at industrial enterprises.
Soil South Africa
The country is most widely common with brown and red-brown soils. Etd two types of soil occupy almost half of the country - from the west coast before the foot of the Dragon Mountains (Kalahari district, the middle and almost all of the high veld, extensive Square of Bushweld, and in the south a large and small carru). The presence of the named soil types is determined by climatic conditions, primarily the amount of precipitation. Light brown and red-brown soils are characteristic of desert-steppe areas, and brown - for dry steppes.
In the eastern part of highly velted and in Bushweld, black, black earth and chestnut soils are common. Black ferrous soils dry savannah, which farmers are called a "black peat", are characterized by fertility. On elevated places there are often more leached red soils.
Coastal areas are distinguished by a large variety of soils. On the east coast in the lowest units, fertile redstores and the yellow-beemen of subtropical regions are developed. South-west coast area of \u200b\u200brather fertile brown soils.
All soils require making mineral and organic fertilizers. Along with this, a constant struggle with soil erosion is necessary. Incorrect disintegration of the slopes and the unlimited grazing of livestock lead to the destruction of the soil structure, their erosion. The arid climate creates the problem of artificial irrigation. Only 15% of South Africa lands are suitable for agriculture.
The floral world of South Africa
The vegetation world of the country is rich and diverse. In total, there are about 15 thousand species of plants, which relate to two floral areas - Cape and Paleotropic. The vegetation of the Zone Savannan and the semi-desert zone and deserts prevail.
The appearance of Savannes varies depending on the number of drop-down precipitation. In the most wet areas, various palm trees, baobabs, gumcarpuses, valuable species of trees and cereals should be growing; Low Veld Park Savannah, or Savannah Mopane (from the name of a widespread wood mopane); Bushweld-Akaciyevo-Musharya Savannah, in which they prevail different kinds Acacia, evergreen shrubs and bright groves trees dropping foliage in a dry season.
The semi-desert zone and the desert occupies a western coastal plain, extensive spaces of the upper, large and small carru and the most arid parts of Calahari.
In the northwestern regions of this zone, succulents, or "Stones" plants, are growing; In Kalahari, the borders with Namibia, cereals predominate on sandy soils. In arid areas of carbo-abundance of succulents various shapes. Aloe, acacia are often found from leafy succulents, and stems are widespread, there are shrub succulents.
High Veld occupies a zone of herbaceous steppes (Graolsveld). More than 60% of the territory of Grasveld is covered with cereals, a high dacca (up to 1 m) is common in more humid oriental regions, in more dry - low (not higher than 0.5 m) is the best cattle feed on natural pastures. There are also various types of bearded, oatmeal.
Cape Floral area-center decorative flora of world value. At a relatively small area, 800 km and a width of less than 10 km-grows more than 6 thousand plants of plants from 700 genera, most of their endemic. There are evergreens of severe bushes and various perennial plants here. Flora Kapskaya Oblast has a number of common families and childbirth with Flora Australia, South America (Family of the protein and genus Rosyanka) and Europe (Extra, reed, flax, nettle, buttercup, rose, kobyl, etc.).
Under the forest in the country employs about 2% of the territory. In bright subtropical forests on brown soils, such valuable rocks are growing such as an iron and fragrant tree. Reserved coniferous forests consist of a yellow tree. On the east coast, small areas of wet subtropical evergreen forests are preserved from fakes, capsaphus, Kapsky Red and Cape Ebony Trees with a variety of lianas and epiphyts. In the slopes of the mountains there are significant forest studies, pine and cedar plantations, Australian acacia and eucalyptus are being created. By 1990, artificial frisms were more than 1 million hectares.
Animal world of South Africa
The animal world refers to the caps of the submission of Ethiopian zogeographic area. It is represented by predators (wild cats, hyenas, jackals, panthers, cheetahs, lions), numerous hoofs, elephants. Endemic Several types of vivere, eared dog, a few clans of rodents of gravity, 15 birds of birds. There are up to 40 thousand types of insects and 200 species of snakes, up to 150 varieties of termites, in the northeast there is a focus of the spread of Tsetse and Malari mosquitoes.
In the period of colonization of South Africa, many species of animals were almost exterminated. Currently animal world Well preserved only in reserves. And national parks. The largest and most famous of them are the Kruger National Park, "Hlukhlive", "Calahari-Hemsbok". IN National Park Kruger can see lions, leopards and cheetahs, elephants and hypopotamos, giraffes, buffaloes and antelope. Much live here that feed on termites, for which the bora is called them "earthy piglets". In Hlukhluwe, along with the listed animals in the overgrown with the shrub of the valleys (rivers, rhinos, hippos and crocodiles are launched, and have become more rare white rhinos. Flamingo nests, pelicans and various herons, and an African warthog will live from hoofs, water goats. Many Snakes, including Python. In the Kalahari-Hemsbok National Park, about 20 types of antelopes have been preserved. South Africa is home to many very rare species These graceful, rapid animals. Here you can see the antelope of the GNU, and Antelope Eland, and the antelope of Hemobok, and a rare gray-brown nyala, and a dwarf antelope, still in Kalahari and arid areas of Vellad Antelope give the tribes of Bushmen and Gottenton food and clothing.
In South Africa there are many different climatic zones. There are deserts and areas with Mediterranean and even subtropical climates. The difference in temperature and humidity in different zones of this part of the world is quite significant. In general, the general seasons here are directly opposite to the time of year on the northern hemisphere.
Weather in South Africa now:
Summer weather in South Africa occurs from October to March, at this time the air temperature can range from 15 to 35 degrees. Winter weather is installed since June to August, when the temperature can fall below zero at night, and in the afternoon it is up to twenty degrees. Spring and autumn occupy small intervals - two months.
Climate of South Africa for months:
Spring
Spring in South Africa occurs in August. At this time, the temperature begins to increase, its daily jumps increase. In August, in different zones of the South African region, the temperature may rise to 20 degrees in the afternoon, and at night to lower up to 8-10 degrees. In September, these indicators increase by an average of 2-5 degrees. Water in rivers and lakes warmer, its temperature is approximately 15 degrees. At this time, vegetation is actively developing and flourished. So, in Botswana, acacia, mock and other plants begin to grow and bloom.
Spring in areas located far from the coast begins the wind season. Unlike the winter and other seasons of the year, when the wind speed is rarely one and a half meters per second, in August, the wind speed reaches 8 meters per second.
Summer
Summer in South Africa begins in October. In this season, the temperature can reach 35 degrees in different areas. During the day throughout the territory there is a dry heat, at night, the bitters of thermometers are lowered to the mark of fifteen degrees. In some places, for example, in the territory of South Africa, strong daily temperature fluctuations happen when the air cools up to a temperature below zero. Usually such differences are found in the mountains. The largest rainfall is at this time. Then the flowering of vegetation begins.
The small South African Country of Swaziland has a huge variety and wealth of flora. It has about two and a half thousand species of plants. These are all sorts of flowers and shrubs. At this time of year, most of the holidays of South Africa are accounted for. The largest of them is New Year And Christmas, which is celebrated on the Catholic custom of December 25th.
Fall
The autumn season comes in South Africa in April and lasts very long - approximately until mid-May. This is a very interesting time of the year. Despite the fact that in the fall falls extremely few precipitation, at night and in the morning the thick fog rises in almost the entire territory. The temperature gradually falls down, the daily differences are becoming smaller. For example, in April in South Africa, the temperature rises to 23 degrees, and at night it drops to 12 degrees. In some countries, for example, in Zimbabwe, this season does not stand out at all as autumn, winter comes sharply, at the end of March - early April.
Winter
Winter period - the most diverse weather time in South Africa. It begins this time of year in June and ends in August. On average, the temperature ranges from 10-20 degrees Celsius. On the territory of Savannan and Plains, the sediments fall extremely rarely, and snow in the mountains is often lying. In mountainous areas, the air temperature can be lowered significantly below zero. Although the most areas are characterized by unsalted frosts.
In South Africa, there are no animals that, with the onset of the cold, would fall into the hibernation. Representatives of the local fauna generally behave equally at any time of the year. Fauna here is quite variety. You can meet both predatory animals - such as sacking, hyenas, leopards and lions, and herbivore elephants, antelope, zebras and all sorts of monkeys.
