How to stop vomiting in a child and an adult

This unpleasant condition in a person is caused by all sorts of reasons. Vomiting can be harmful if continued for a long time. It poses a great danger to children. What are the ways to stop this painful process, is it possible to cope on your own - about this in the review of methods and drugs for eliminating the disease.

Causes of vomiting

When harmful substances enter the human body, a reflex reaction occurs. In order to prevent the absorption of toxins into the bloodstream, vomiting begins - the process of natural cleaning of the stomach, in which the contents are abruptly excreted through the mouth. This is facilitated by the action of the vomiting center located in the medulla oblongata. Excitation occurs in it as a result of irritation of the nerve endings to external influences, the receipt of impulses from the organs:

• vestibular apparatus;
• kidney;
• liver;
• uterus;
• intestines.

Such cleansing of the body is useful if it does not last long - harmful substances are removed, intoxication stops. A long, incessant process causes dehydration of the body. It urgently needs to be stopped - the condition is life-threatening, especially in childhood. The causes of vomiting in adults are:

• alcohol poisoning;
• drug overdose;
• bacterial, viral infections of the digestive system;
• problems of the vestibular apparatus;
• the state of pregnancy;
• exposure to toxic substances.

Urgent hospitalization is required when vomiting was caused by acute surgical pathologies: cholecystitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, appendicitis. Reflex can be provoked by:

• dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
• inflammation in the abdominal cavity;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system - myocardial infarction, hypertension;
• poisoning with poor quality food;
• radiation sickness;
• tumors;
• chemotherapy;
• pathologies of the nervous system - concussion, meningitis, encephalitis;
• psychological reasons - strong emotions, hysterical fear;
• endocrine diseases.

Often, the gag reflex is triggered in children. The reason for this is:

• underdevelopment of the lower esophageal sphincter in infants;
• overfeeding a small child - food does not have time to digest;
• heatstroke at high temperature;
• reaction to allergens;
• exposure to chemicals;
• head trauma;
• poisoning;
• dizziness;
• binge eating;
• taking medications;
• ingestion of harmful bacteria;
• poisonous substances in plants;
• motion sickness in transport;
• seasickness.

How to stop vomiting in a child at home

One-time gagging should not frighten parents. The kid needs to be reassured, given a drink of water. It is undesirable to stop the process until the separated masses become transparent. Harmful substances that have entered the body must leave it so that intoxication does not occur. Dehydration is dangerous for health, there is a risk of choking on vomit. If the process is plentiful, it takes a long time to stop it, you should:

• if possible, determine the reason;
• call for emergency help;
• so as not to distort the picture of the disease, not to give the baby any medication.

Treatment for vomiting in a child depends on his age and the reasons that caused this situation. A difficult process must be stopped if:

• the baby spits up food;
• discharge with bile, blood, mucus is observed - urgent participation of specialists is required;
• children refuse to eat;
• pallor of the skin is observed;
• drowsiness or increased activity appears;
• heart palpitations occur;
• the baby screams in pain;
• limbs went cold.

First aid for vomiting in a child caused by poisoning is gastric lavage. The baby's treatment should be under the supervision of a doctor. To stop the urge, you may need:

• an enema to cleanse the intestines;
• restoration of water-salt balance during dehydration;
• taking enterosorbents to remove toxins;
• the use of drugs to normalize the intestinal microflora;
• use of antiemetics as prescribed by the pediatrician.

First aid for vomiting in children under one year old

In infants, the gag reflex occurs when the sphincter is weak, the muscle that is responsible for moving food from the stomach from the esophagus. The problem goes away as the organs develop. Doctors recommend if the cause of vomiting in newborns is:

• heatstroke - ensure bed rest, give plenty of water to drink, bring down the temperature;
• overfeeding - reduce the amount of food, after feeding, keep the baby upright for half an hour, limit activity;
• intestinal infection, which is accompanied by upset stools, fever, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance.

How to help a child over a year old

A big plus of treating older children is that they can tell about their feelings. Before you can help, you should determine the reason. Parents should not panic - the condition will be passed on to the child. Call an ambulance to stop the gag reflex if the problem is:

• occurred after a head injury;
• accompanied by abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, high fever - signs of an infectious disease.

Medicine for vomiting in children should be prescribed only by a pediatrician in accordance with the cause of the unpleasant urge. There is such an algorithm for assisting with food poisoning, drugs, chemicals:

• rinse the stomach with boiled water;
• take activated charcoal to remove toxins;
• to restore the balance of the liquid, give mineral water without gas, rice broth, fruit drinks, dried fruit drinks, a drug from the pharmacy for preparing the solution - Regidron;
• put antipyretic suppositories at high temperatures.

What to do if vomiting continues

Frequent vomiting caused by drug poisoning, acute pain in the abdomen, require an ambulance call. Contacting specialists is necessary to stop the process when dangerous symptoms appear. These include:

• temperature rise;
• diarrhea;
• convulsions;
• fetid odor of vomit;
• loss of consciousness;
• increased frequency of bouts of vomiting;
• blood in the feces.

An important point is the color and type of vomit, which signals probable problems. Blood impurities require urgent hospitalization. In medicine, the importance of such signs is noted:

• mucus - a symptom of inflammation of the mucous membranes - exacerbation of gastritis, food poisoning, pathologies of the central nervous system, viral infections, uncontrolled medication;
• an admixture of scarlet blood - bleeding in the upper part of the stomach, esophagus, mouth, chemical poisoning.

In order for the doctor to be able to correctly prescribe therapy to stop vomiting, it is necessary to draw his attention to the following symptoms of discharge:

• yellow-green color, bitterness in the mouth - signs of the presence of bile - characterize alcohol intoxication, stress, overeating, exacerbation of liver disease, gallbladder after eating fatty, fried foods;
• coffee, brown tint - bleeding in the lower part of the duodenum, stomach, ulcers, ingestion of foreign bodies, poisoning with poisonous mushrooms.

To cope with the problem yourself, you need to establish the cause of the nausea. At home, in order to stop the vomiting process in an adult, several rules must be followed. The patient should:

• provide bed rest;
• give water in small doses;
• exclude food intake;
• rinse your mouth after each attack;
• wipe your face with cool water;
• in case of prolonged vomiting, call a doctor.

There are some differences in patient care at home, depending on the cause of the gag reflex. To stop the painful urge, there is a general algorithm for first aid:

• rinse the stomach with plenty of water with the addition of salt, potassium permanganate, - a pale pink solution;
• provoke a gag reflex by pressing a finger on the root of the tongue;
• put an enema to cleanse the intestines of toxins;
• in case of severe dehydration, restore the water-salt balance with solutions of Gastrolit, Regidron.

With food poisoning

If the gag reflex is caused by the use of substandard or spoiled foods, other methods are used after first aid to stop the process. These include taking medication. Recommended for treatment:

• drinking plenty of fluids;
• sorbents for removing toxins from the intestine - Polysorb;
• enzymes to restore the digestion process - Festal, Mezim;
• antispasmodics that relieve pain, spasms - Papaverine, No-shpa;
• in order to restore microflora - Bifidumbacterin;
• normalization of nutrition - a diet with the exclusion of fried, spicy, fatty.

Infectious diseases

If nausea, vomiting is provoked by an infection, it is necessary to neutralize and remove pathogenic microorganisms from the intestines and stomach. After first aid measures to the patient:

• give a drink - often, but in small portions - mineral water, solutions that restore the water-salt balance, - Humana-electrolyte, Glucosalan;
• it is necessary to take enterosorbents - Enterosgel, Microsorb, which remove harmful substances.

Infectious intestinal diseases require referral to specialists to determine the pathogen and prescribe the correct treatment. Doctors prescribe:

• antiemetics - Motilium: Cerucal;
• antibiotics - drugs, course and dosage depend on the bacteria-pathogens, the patient's condition;
• in order to stop diarrhea - Furazolidone;
• for anesthesia, relieve inflammation - Mexigan.

Drug overdose

Poisoning with medications is an urgent need. A large number of hazardous chemicals can enter the bloodstream and cause irreversible processes in the body. Until the ambulance arrives, you should do a gastric lavage, give a lot of liquid to drink. Important points:

• it is necessary to save the packaging from the drug that provoked the poisoning so that the treatment is organized quickly and correctly;
• it is unacceptable to do gastric lavage for the elderly, pregnant women - dehydration is life-threatening.

Poisoning by poisonous chemicals

How to stop vomiting provoked by poisoning with volatile gases, toxic vapors? An urgent need to call an ambulance. Before her arrival:

• to loosen tight clothing in a person;
• provide access to fresh air;
• make sure that you do not lose consciousness - there is a danger of choking on vomit;
• organize an abundant drink;
• give sorbents - Activated carbon, Polysorb.

It is necessary to stop the emetic process provoked by poisoning with liquid chemical compounds with the help of urgently called doctors. Activities depend on the type of substance:

• washing is unacceptable in case of poisoning with alkali, acid, which damaged the mucous membrane of the esophagus;
• it is recommended to take enveloping agents that reduce pain, reduce the absorption of toxins - Almagel.

What helps with vomiting during pregnancy

For the period of waiting for a child, toxicosis is a common occurrence. The gagging that accompanies him gives the woman torment. Antiemetics at home should not be taken by pregnant women without a doctor's prescription. You need to pay attention:

• vomiting, accompanied by bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen, are symptoms of ectopic pregnancy that require urgent medical attention;
• in the last trimester of urge - a sign of preeclampsia - a condition dangerous to the health of the child and mother.

It is possible to stop the physiological gag reflex that occurs during toxicosis with little effort. Gynecologists recommend:

• exclude sweet, fatty, smoked foods, carbonated drinks, coffee from the diet;
• rest more;
• take walks in the fresh air;
• consume B vitamins;
• drink tea with lemon balm, mint, ginger drink;
• avoid overeating;
• sucking on ice cubes;
• drink water little by little, in small sips, add lemon to it;
• practice aromatherapy with citrus essential oils.

If the gag reflex recurs frequently, medications can help stop it. Doctors prescribe for the treatment of pregnant women under their control:

• homeopathic remedies Bonin, Kokkulin - have an antihistamine, sedative effect;
• drugs that suppress the excitement of the vomiting center - Torekan, Cerucal;
• the drug Hofitol - eliminates heartburn, bloating, heaviness.

Antiemetics

Special medications - antiemetics help to stop severe vomiting attacks. The drugs differ in their action. It is necessary to take them only as directed by a doctor so that the condition does not worsen. There are three groups of antiemetic drugs:

• central action - antipsychotics, antihistamines, blockers of dopamine, serotonin receptors;
• peripheral influence - local antispasmodics, pain relievers;
• mixed action - with a comprehensive solution to the problem.

Medicines help to cure vomiting caused by diseases:

• antipsychotics - Trifazin, Aminazin - eliminate the symptoms of drug poisoning, are effective in pregnancy, radiation sickness, in the period after surgery;
• antihistamines - Diprazin, Diazolin - cope with motion sickness caused by disturbances in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus;
• antiseptics - Enterofuril, Intetrix - destroy bacteria in infectious diseases of the stomach, duodenum.

Vomiting can be stopped by drugs selected for the treatment of certain pathologies:

• migraine, traumatic brain injury - dopamine receptor blockers - Motilium, Zofrom;
• gag reflex during treatment and diagnosis by an ENT doctor - local anesthetic - Lidocaine;
• chemotherapy for oncology - Sertonon, Latran, Haloperidol;
• intestinal infections - Ersefuril;
• with a neurogenic cause of urge - Tenoten, Persen;
• the universal medicine is metoclopramide.

Central vomiting remedy

Drugs of this group have a suppressive effect on the vomiting center, its chemoreceptor trigger zone located in the medulla oblongata. As a result, an impulse is not given to the muscles that provoke the reflex effect. There are several types of central action agents. These include:

• antipsychotics - Trifazin, Aminazin - used for poisoning, radiation treatment, pregnancy;
• antihistamines - Dimenhydrinate, Diphenhydramine - eliminate vomiting of vestibular genesis.

The means of central action include:

• Blockers of histamine receptors, with a depressing effect on the central nervous system, accelerating peristalsis, bowel emptying, - Domperidone, Motilium. Medicines are prescribed for vomiting caused by infections, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and malnutrition.
• Serratonite receptor blockers - Tropisetron, Latran - stop vomiting provoked by gastric dyspepsia after surgery, chemotherapy.

Peripheral drugs

This antiemetic group of drugs acts at the level of efferent, afferent nerve endings involved in the mechanism of the formation of the gag reflex. Peripheral drugs include local anesthetics:

• Lidocaine, Benzocaine - used when performing otolaryngological manipulations - operations, treatment, bronchoscopy, anesthesia;
• Anestezin, Novocain - help with vomiting caused by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, provoked by ulcerative processes.

Among the drugs of peripheral effects are local antispasmodics. They are used for vomiting caused by violations of the evacuation, motor function in acute, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract. Medicines include:

• Atropine, No-shpa, Papaverine, which have myotropic, anticholinergic properties;
• Bellastesin is a combined smooth muscle relaxant.

Mixed action

The popular antiemetic drug is effective for symptoms of a variety of etiologies. Mixed-action medicine - Metoclopramide - quickly eliminates painful urge. The remedy counteracts hiccups, activates gastrointestinal motility, stops the gag reflex caused by:

• poor quality food;
• craniocerebral trauma;
• pregnancy;
• discharge of bile;
• kidney pathologies;
• radiation sickness;
• chemotherapy;
• taking antibiotics, drugs for anesthesia, cytostatics.

Metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor blocker, is used in the form of injections, tablets. For the drug, according to the instructions, the following are determined:

• dosage - a tablet 4 times a day half an hour before meals, do not chew, drink water;
• contraindications - intestinal obstruction, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, hypertension, old age, 1 trimester of pregnancy, children under 14, glaucoma;
• side effects - increased pressure, drowsiness, depression, tremor of the limbs, diarrhea, anxiety;
• analogues - Cerucal, Klometol, Komportan, Bimaral, Primperan, Plastil.

When vomiting cannot be stopped

The onset of nausea is a protective reflex to toxin poisoning. It is necessary to completely cleanse the body from their harmful effects. The process cannot be stopped until the vomit is free of harmful substances - it becomes transparent. It is important to do this in case of food poisoning of the body, alcohol intoxication. Stop the emetic process will help:

• obligatory gastric lavage with a large amount of salted water with the addition of potassium permanganate as an antiseptic - at least two liters;
• enema with a decoction of chamomile to cleanse the intestines.

Since the body loses a lot of fluid in this case, it is necessary to replenish its amount with plenty of drinking. To alleviate the condition, you will need:

• Smecta - enterosorbent - will help to bind and remove toxic substances;
• Pancreatin - an enzyme - will restore normal digestion;
• Drotaverin, No-shpa - relieve spasms, relieve pain;
• solutions of Normagidron, Glucosolan - restore the balance of the liquid;
• Kaopektat - will stop diarrhea;
• Cerucal, Motilium - drugs to stop vomiting.

Folk remedies for children and adults

To eliminate the emetic process at home, products based on natural ingredients will help. You can make infusions and decoctions using herbs and plants. The easiest way is to let the person smell the ammonia. In case of problems with the vestibular apparatus, dissolve Validol under the tongue, hold a slice of lemon in your mouth. Folk remedies for vomiting in an adult and a child:

• a teaspoon of apple cider vinegar per 100 ml of water - drink until the urge is eliminated;
• decoction of valerian root - 20 g per glass of boiling water - take 10 ml twice a day;
• a spoonful of potato juice - with persistent urge.

Recipes will help to stop the gag reflex in a child:

• beat the yolk and 100 ml of low-fat milk, give a teaspoon every hour;
• steep infusion of green tea without additives, with sugar - 5 ml after an attack, 30 ml - after 15 minutes;
• a decoction of lemon balm, mint, chamomile - a spoonful in a glass of boiling water, stand for an hour in a thermos, strain, drink in small sips between urges.

Tea with ginger and lemon wedge

Ginger root helps to cope with the gag reflex. The plant is consumed by adding to drinks, or chewing a small piece. Prescription tea can help stop vomiting:

• base - half a liter of boiling water;
• add 1 spoonful of green tea leaves;
• the same amount of chopped ginger;
• put 2 lemon wedges;
• keep under the lid for 10 minutes;
• strain;
• drink, adding honey, during the morning.

Peppermint tincture

Peppermint can help stop nausea and vomiting, especially during pregnancy. The plant contains menthol, tannins, bitterness, flavonoids, essential oil. Mint makes breathing easier, has a refreshing taste and aroma. Half of the serving should be drunk immediately, if the condition has not improved, use the rest after an hour. To prepare an aqueous tincture, you must:

• take a glass of boiling water;
• put 2 tablespoons of dry mint leaves in it;
• insist 30 minutes;
• strain.

Oven baked quince

The fruits of the plant contain organic acids, trace elements, a large amount of vitamins, fiber. All this contributes to the elimination of toxins, salts of heavy metals, radioactive substances from the body. Yayva is not recommended for use with stomach ulcers, enterocolitis - there is a possibility of spasms and intestinal blockages. You can drink fruit juice to stop vomiting. Traditional healers give a recipe:

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