Essay of Chekhov A. A.P

On our site) occur in the old noble estate that belongs to the love of Andreevna Ranevskaya. The estate is not far from the big city. The main attraction is a huge cherry garden, which is hardly a thousand tenthenes. Once this garden was considered one of the most wonderful places of the province and brought the owners a big income. There is even a mention of the encyclopedic dictionary. But after the fall of the serfdom, the farm in the estate was upset. On the cherry, which will be born only every two years, there is no longer demand. Ranevskaya and her living here in the estate brother, Leonid Andreevich Gaev, are on the verge of ruin.

The 1st action of the "Cherry Garden" occurs in the cold May morning. Ranevskaya with his daughter Anya return from France. In the estate where the cherries already bloomed, her senior (reception) daughter Varya (24 years), which manages the economy in the absence of a mother, and the merchant Yermolay Lopakhin, the son of a serf, a grip, strongly rejected in recent years.

The love of Andreevna and Anya come from the railway station, accompanied by Giaev and Simeonov-Maintenance Dresser's neighbor. The arrival is accompanied by a lively conversation, which promises the characters of all the heroes of this Chekhov play.

"The Cherry Orchard". Performance on the play A. P. Chekhov, 1983

Ranevskaya and Gaev - typical lackless aristocrats, accustomed to live without difficulty on a wide leg. Andreyevna's love thinks only about his love passions. She died six years ago her husband died, in a month drowned in the river and son-son Grisha. Having traveled most of the estate funds, Ranevskaya left to console into France with a lover who shamelessly deceived and hurt her. She threw her daughters in the estate almost without money. 17-year-old Anya came to the mother to Paris only a few months ago. Adopany Vare had to manage the indestructible estate, saving on everything and making debts. Ranevskaya returned to Russia only because it remained abroad completely without a penny. The lover squeezed out everything that could, forced to sell even a cottage near Mentons, and himself remained in Paris.

In the dialogs of the first action, Ranevskaya appears a woman exaggerated sensitive and vulnerable. She loves to demonstrate kindness, handing out generous tips to the lacquers. However, in its random words and gestures, it also slips out spiritual severity, indifference to loved ones.

Believing Ranevskaya and her brother, Gaev. The main interest of his life is the billiards - he is something and the case of the Billiards terms. Leonid Andreevich loves spoken speeches about the "bright ideals of good and justice", about the "public self-consciousness" and "fruitful work", but, as can be understood, it does not serve anywhere and does not even help you to manage the estate. The need to take care of each penny makes the scarer, not by age concerned, similar to the nun. She expresses the desire to quit everything and go to wander on the wellup of holy places, however, with this piety, feeds his old servants with one pea. The younger sister Varia, Anya, very reminds the mother with a tendency to enthusiastic dreams and cut-off from life. Friend friend, Simeon-Pisch, is the same broken landowner as Ranevskaya and Gaev. He is looking only to intercept loan money.

A men's, poorly educated, but business merchant Lopakhin reminds Ranevskaya and Gayev that their estate in August will be sold for debts. It offers and out of position. The estate is located next to the big city and railway, so its land can be advantageous to take thousands of thousands of years for 25 annual income. This will not only pay off debt, but also have a big profit. However, they will have to cut out the famous cherry garden.

Gaev and Ranevskaya with horror reject such a plan, not wanting to lose their dear memories of youth. But they are no longer able to come up with anything else. Without cutting down, the estate will inevitably go to another owner - and the cherry garden will still be destroyed. Nevertheless, indecisive Gaev and Ranevskaya shy away to destroy him with their own hands, which will be helped by a miracle, which in unknown ways will help them.

In the dialogs of the first action, several other characters are involved: the unlucky feedback from which minor misfortunes are constantly occurring; Maid Dunyasha, from permanent communication with bars herself who has been sensitive, like a nobleman; 87-year-old Lackey Gaeva Firs, doggy devotee and refused to leave him after the abolition of serfdom; Ranese Ranevskaya Yasha, a silly and rude young idolist, which, however, penetrates into France with contempt for "ignorant and wild" Russia; Charlotte Ivanovna's surface alternate, former circus, and now the governess of Ani. For the first time, the former teacher of the drowned son Ranenevskaya, "Eternal Student" Peter Trofimov appears. The character of this remarkable character will be detailed in the following actions of the "Cherry Garden".

Problem Topic Pieces "Cherry Garden"

In the last play by A.P. Chekhov "Cherry Garden" Theme has become the usual at the turn of the century - the sale of estates and once a luxurious cherry garden of the disassembled nobles. However, the sale of the garden is what lies on the surface itself, and in fact the theme and idea of \u200b\u200bthe play "Cherry Garden" is much deeper.

The decline of the nobility as class and the loss of their generic nests, the destruction of the lifestyle formed by the centuries, the emergence of a new class of entrepreneurs going to change the nobility, revolutionary ideas about the change in life, causing the author doubt, all this and served as an idea of \u200b\u200bthe plays. However, Chekhov's skill was so great that his final play turned out to be so multi-layered that its meaning was much deeper in the initial plan. In addition to the most visible topic, a number of other no less significant can be distinguished. This is the conflict of generations, and misunderstanding each other, the inner discord of the characters, a prisoner in the inability to love and hear others, aware of the destruction of their roots, oblivion of memory of the ancestors. But the most up-to-date and today the topic of the work of the "Cherry Garden" is the destruction of the beauty of human life and the disappearance of linking links between generations. And the garden itself in this context becomes the symbol of the destruction of the whole culture. And after all, it's not by chance in the second action of Charlotte, Ivanovna turns out to be a gun, because, according to Chekhov himself, a gun must be shot. But in this play, the shot never sounded, and meanwhile the killing of the garden, personifying beauty, occurs.

The main theme of the play

So what topic can be allocated as the main one? The topic of the "Cherry Garden" play was not chosen by chance, Chekhov was very interested in this problem, since his family at one time lost his home sold for debts. And he always tried to understand the feelings of people losing their native nest, forced to tear away from their roots.

Working on the stage of play, A.P. Chekhov consisted in dense correspondence with actors involved in it. He was extremely important that the characters were presented to the public exactly as he thought. Why did it have such great importance for playwright? Anton Pavlovich became the first writer who did not share the heroes on positive or negative. Each image created by them is so close to real people, that they are easy to find some features and their familiar themselves. His expression: "The whole meaning and drama of a person inside, and not in external manifestations: people have dinner, and only dinner, and at this time their fates are folded and smashed life." Prove that the Chekhov in the first place was of interest to humanities. After all, as in life there are no people representing the absolute evil or good and on the scene. And at all, it was not by chance that Chekhov called a realist.

It can be concluded that the main topic of the "Cherry Garden" Chekhov is the life shown through the created images. Life in which it is very often desired to disperse with reality. After all, people do the story, and there are no ideal people, which is very clearly and showed Anton Pavlovich.

The image system as a means of disclosure the topic of the work

The system of images in the play is divided according to the heroes to a certain time. This is the past, present and future. What remains in the past? Easy, beauty, centuries-old lifestyle, understandable to everyone. After all, there were only "men" yes "Lord". Gentlemen lived in their pleasure, and simple people worked. And those and others floated within, and there was no need to make solid decisions regarding their lives, because everything was so established. But on the shift the old regime came the cancellation of serfdom. And everything was mixed. It turned out that smart, sensitive, responsive and generous aristocrats cannot fit into the coming era. They still know how to see and feel the beauty of them surrounding them, but they cannot be saved. They are opposed to the present. Real it is rigid and cynical. Lopahin is the present. He knows how to see and appreciate the beauty, but the ability to make a profit firmly sits in his mind. It is bitter aware that he destroys the past, but can not do anything else.

And finally, the future. It is so foggy and gloomy, which is impossible to say what it will be: joyful or bitter. However, it can be seen that the future in the present takes place with the past. Survise the value related ties, attachment to their home, and one more topic of work becomes noticeable: loneliness.

Chekhov ahead of the development of the theater for many years. His works are so thin in its content that it is very difficult to allocate some one main theme of the play. After all, analyzing them, it becomes clear that he sought to show the whole depth of life, thereby becoming an unsurpassed master in the image of "submarine flows".

Test on the work

"Cherry Garden" is a social play A.P. Chekhov about the death and degeneration of the Russian nobility. She was written was Anton Pavlovich in the last years of life. Many critics say that it is this drama that expresses the writer's attitude to the past, the present and the future of Russia.

Initially, the author planned to create a carefree and funny play, where the main driving force for the sale of estates from the hammer will be the main driving force. In 1901, in a letter to the wife, he shares his ideas. Previously, he had already raised a similar topic in the drama "Want's", but the experience recognized as unsuccessful. Chekhov wanted to experiment, and not resurrect the plots buried in the writing desk. The process of impoverishment and degeneracy of the nobles took place before his eyes, and he watched, creating and accumulating the life material to create artistic truth.

The history of the creation of the "Cherry Garden" began in Taganrog, when the Father of the writer was forced to sell a generic nest for debts. Apparently, Anton Pavlovich experienced something similar to the feelings of Ranenevskaya, so this is so thin in the experiences, it would seem like fictional heroes. In addition, Chekhov was personally familiar with the prototype of Gaeva - A.S. Kiselev, who also sacrificed estate to correct the shamelessness. His situation is one of hundreds. All Kharkiv province, where more than once a writer, raised: noble nests disappeared. This is such a large-scale and ambiguous process attracted the attention of the playwright: on the one hand, the peasants were released and received long-awaited freedom, on the other, the welfare of this reform did not add anyone. Such an obvious tragedy could not be ignored, a light comedy, conceived Chekhov, did not work.

Meaning of the name

Since the cherry garden symbolizes Russia, it can be concluded that the author dedicated the work of the issue of her fate, as Gogol wrote "dead souls" for the sake of the question "Where the bird-triple flies?". In fact, it is not about selling estates, but about what will be with the country? Does not sell it, do not cut down for the sake of benefits? Chekhov, analyzing the situation, understood that the degeneracy of the nobility, the supporting class for the monarchy, promulit Russia. If these people, designed by their origin to be a core of the state, cannot be responsible for their actions, then the country will go to the bottom. Such gloomy thoughts touched the author on the reverse side of the topic affected them. It turned out that his heroes are not to laughter, as well as himself.

The symbolic meaning of the name of the play "Cherry Garden" is to convey the reader the idea of \u200b\u200bthe work - the search for an answer to questions about the fate of Russia. Without this sign, we would perceive the comedy, like a family drama, a drama from a private life or the parable about the problem of fathers and children. That is, the erroneous, narrow interpretation of the written written would not give the reader and in a hundred years to understand the main thing: we are all responsible for your garden, regardless of generation, beliefs and social status.

Why did Chekhov named the play "Cherry Garden" comedy?

Many researchers really belong to his comedy, as along with tragic events (the destruction of a whole class) in the play constantly occur comic scenes. That is, it is impossible to unequivocally attribute it to the comedy, correctly calculate the "cherry garden" to tragifers or tragicomedies, since Chekhov's dramaturgy many researchers refer to a new phenomenon in the 20th century theater - anti-Roman. The author himself stood at the origins of this direction, so he did not call himself so much. However, the innovation of his works was spoken by itself. This writer is now recognized and introduced into the school curriculum, and then many of his works remained incomprehensible, since they were knocked out of a common track.

The genre of the "Cherry Garden" is difficult to determine, because now, given the dramatic revolutionary events, which Czechs did not find, we can say that this play is a tragedy. It dies a whole epoch, and hopes for revival are so weak and foggy, that even smile in the final somehow it does not work. The open finale, a closed curtain, and only a deaf on the tree is distributed in thoughts. This is the impression of the performance.

Main idea

The ideological-thematic meaning of the "Cherry Garden" play is that Russia was at the crossroads: she can choose the road to the past, present and future. Chekhov shows the mistakes and failure of the past, the vices and the predatory grip of the present, but he still hopes for a happy future, showing elevated and at the same time independent representatives of the new generation. The past, whatever excellent it is, not to return, the present is too imperfect and slaughter to accept it, so it is necessary to invest all the forces that the future acquitted light expectations. For this, everyone should try to exactly now, without postponing.

The author shows how important the action is, but not a mechanical chase for profit, and the action spiritualized, meaningful, moral. It is about him who says Peter Trofimov, who wants to see Anya. However, in the student we see the destructive heritage of the past years - there is a lot, but did little for their 27 years. And yet, the writer hopes that this century will succeed in to overcome with clear and cool in the morning - tomorrow afternoon, where they will come, but at the same time, the active descendants of the blades and Ranenevsky.

Theme of the work

1. The author used an image that is familiar to each of us and understandable for everyone. Cherry gardens have many to this day, and then they were at all an indispensable attribute of each estate. They bloom in May, beautifully and prolently defend themselves the week, and then quickly fall. Also perfectly and supremely disgraced the nobility, once the support of the Russian Empire, mired in debt and endless controversy. As for the matter, these people were unable to justify the hopes assigned to them. Many of them with their irresponsible attitude towards life only pushed the foundations of Russian statehood. What should have been a century-old oak, there was only a cherry garden: beautiful, but quickly disappeared. The fruits of Cherry, alas, did not cost the place they occupied. So revealed the theme of the death of noble nests in the play "Cherry Garden".
2. The topics of the past, present and the future are implemented in the work due to the multi-level image system. Each generation symbolizes the time, it is allocated. In the images of Ranenevskaya and Gaeva, the past, in the image of the blades, holds the present, but the future is waiting for his day in the images of Ani and Peter. The natural course of events acquires a human face, generation changes are shown on specific examples.
3. An important place is the subject of time. His force is destructive. Water stone sharpens - and time erases human laws, fate and beliefs into powder. Recently, Ranenevskaya and thought could not that her former serfs settle in the manor and cut off the garden transmitted by Haev from generation to generation. This unshakable order of the social device collapsed and went into the summer, the capital and its market laws were placed in his place, in which the authorities provided money, not a position and origin.

Problems

1. The problem of human happiness in the "Cherry Garden" play is manifested in all the fate of heroes. Ranevskaya, for example, survived a lot of trouble in this garden, but happy to return here. It fills the house with its warmth, recalls the root edges, nostalgic. It does not care at all, the sale of the estate, the inheritance of the daughter, in the end. She is happy forgotten and again experienced impressions. But the house is sold, bills are redeemed, and happiness is not in a hurry with the arrival of a new life. Lopahin tells her about calm, but only anxiety increases in the shower. Instead of liberation comes depression. Thus, for one happiness - misfortune for another, all people understand its essence in different ways, so it is so difficult for them to get along together and help each other.
2. The problem of saving memory also worries Chekhov. The people of the present mercilessly cut down what was proud of the province. Noble nests, historically important structures, die away from the inattention, are erased into non-existence. Of course, active merchants will always find arguments to destroy the non-profit old, but the historical monuments, monuments of culture and art will be silent, which children of the blades will be sang. They will be deprived of ties with the past, the continuity of generations, and will grow by Ivan who are not remembered.
3. The problem of ecology in the play is not ignorant. The author argues not only the historical value of the Cherry Garden, but also his natural beauty, its importance for the province. All residents of the surrounding villages breathed with these trees, and their disappearance is a small ecological catastrophe. The terrain of the masters, the gaping lands will be discussed, but people will float every penny of inhospitable space. The attitude towards nature should be as careful as to a person, otherwise we will all be left without a house that you love so much.
4. The problem of fathers and children is embodied in the relationship between Ranevskaya and Anechka. Seen alienation between native people. The girl regrets the unavaevoy mother, but does not want to share her lifestyle. The love of Andreevna pools the child with gentle nicknames, but can not understand that there is no longer a child in front of her. The woman continues to pretend that she still does not understand anything, so it is unless it is building his personal life to the detriment of her interests. They are very different, so they do not attempt to find a common language.
5. The problem of love for homeland, more precisely, its absence is also traced in the work. Gaevow, for example, is indifferent to the garden, he cares only about his own comfort. His interests do not rise above the consumer, therefore the fate of why the house does not care. Lopahin, his opposite, also does not understand the scrupulousness of Ranevskaya. However, he does not understand what to do with the garden. It is guided only by mercantile considerations, he is important and calculations, but not the safety of the native home. He is brightly expressed only by the love of money and the process of their preparation. The generation of children dreams of a new garden, the old one for nothing. Here the problem of indifference is also manifested. The cherry garden is not needed to anyone, except for Ranevskaya, and that you need memories and the old way, where she could do nothing and live happily. Its indifference to people and things expressed in the scene, where she quietly drinks coffee, listening to the news of the death of his nanny.
6. The problem of loneliness torments every hero. Ranenevskaya threw and deceived the lover, Lopahin cannot establish relations with Vares, Gaev - Egoist by nature, Peter and Anna are just beginning to get closer, and it is already obvious that they are lost in the world where there is no one to give them a helping hand to them.
7. The problem of mercy is haunting Ranevskaya: no one can support it, all men do not just do not help, but do not gently gentle. The husband was cutting, the lover threw, Lopahin took away the estate, to care her brother. Against this background, she herself becomes cruel: forgets by Firs in the house, it is cleaned inside. In the form of all these troubles, an inexorable destiny, which is uncompressed to people.
8. The problem of finding the meaning of life. Sleeping his meaning of life clearly does not satisfy, so he asses so low. Anna and Peter this search only expects ahead, but they are already looping without finding a place. Ranevskaya and Gaev with the loss of material goods and their privilege are lost and cannot be navigated again.
9. The problem of love and egoism is clearly visible on the contrast of his brother and sisters: Gaev loves only himself and does not particularly suffer from losses, but the Ranevskaya all his life was looking for love, but did not find it, and she wondered her. Only crumbs fell on the share of Anya and the Cherry Garden. Even a loving person can become an egoist after so many years of disappointment.
10. The problem of moral selection and responsibility concerns, above all, the blades. He gets Russia, his activity is capable of changing it. However, he lacks the moral basis for awareness of the importance of his actions for descendants, awareness of responsibility to them. He lives according to the principle: "After us - at least a flood." He does not matter what will happen, he sees what is.

Symbols of play

The main thing in the play Chekhov is the garden. He not only symbolizes a manor life, but also connects times and era. The image of the Cherry Garden is noble Russia, with the help of him Anton Pavlovich predicted the future of change, which was waiting for the country, although he could no longer see them. He also expresses the author's attitude to what is happening.

Episodes depict ordinary household situations, "little things of life" through which we learn about the main events of the play. Chekhov mixed tragic and comic, for example, in the third action of trophim philosophists, and then ridiculously falls from the stairs. This can be obtained a certain symbolism of the copyright: he is raised over the heroes, questioning the truthfulness of their words.

The image system is also symbolic, the value of which is described in a separate paragraph.

Composition

First action - exposure. Everyone is waiting for the arrival of the hostess of the Ranevskaya from Paris. Everyone thinks in the house and speaks of his own, not listening to others. Disobstitution, located under the roof, illustrates a different-haired Russia, where people are living with such not similar to each other.

Zaguka - enter the love of Andreeva with his daughter, gradually everyone will know that they are threatened by ruin. Neither Gaev, nor Ranevskaya (brother and sister) cannot prevent it. Only Lopahin knows a demolitional plan of salvation: cut off the cherries and build cottages, but the proud owners do not agree with him.

Second action. During the sunset, the fate of the garden is once again discussed. Ranevskaya arrogantly rejects the help of the blades and continues to inactivate in the Nege of his own memories. Gaev and the merchant constantly quarrel.

Third action (climax): While the old garden owners arrange the ball, no matter what happened, there are trading: the estate acquires former serfs.

Fourth Action (Disagreement): Ranevskaya returns to Paris to rinse the remaining savings. After her departure, everyone diverges who where. Only the old servant Firs remains in a clogged house.

Chekhov innovation - playwright

It remains to add that the play is not amenable to understanding many schoolchildren. Many researchers refer her to the theater of the absurd (what is it?). This is a very complex and ambiguous phenomenon in modernist literature, disputes about the occurrence of which continues until now. The fact is that the plays of Chekhov for a number of signs can be counted for the theater of the absurd. Replicas of the heroes very often do not have a logical connection with each other. They seemed to be turned to nowhere, as if they would pronounce one person and at the same time talking to them. The destruction of the dialogue, the failure of communication is something that the so-called antidra is famous. In addition, the alienation of the personality from the world, its global loneliness and life facing the past, the problem of happiness - all these features of existential issues in the work, which again inherent in the theater of the absurd. This showed an innovation of Chekhov-playwright in the play "Cherry Garden", these features and attract many researchers in his work. Such a "provocative" phenomenon, incomprehensible and convicted by public opinion, is seriously perceived even even an adult person, not to mention the fact that the theater of the absurd has been able to lie only to the world of art.

System images

Chekhov has no talking surnames, like Ostrovsky, Fonvizin, Griboedov, but there are extranectural heroes (for example, Paris lover, Yaroslavl aunt), who are important in the play, but Chekhov does not withdraw them into the "external" action. In this drama there is no separation on bad and good heroes, but there is a multifaceted system of characters. Acting Pieces can be divided:

• on the heroes of the past (Ranevskaya, Gaev, Firs). They can only sift money and think, not wanting to change anything in their lives.
• on the heroes of the present (Lopakhin). Lopakhin is a simple "man", which, with the help of the work of the rich, bought the estate and is not going to stop.
• on the heroes of the future (Trofimov, Anya), this is a young generation that dreams of the highest truth and about the highest happiness.

The heroes of the "Cherry Garden" all the time jump from one topic to the other. With visible dialogue, they do not hear each other. There are 34 pauses in the play, which is formed between many "nobody who are not necessary" by the statements of heroes. The phrase repeatedly repeats: "You are all such a (s)," which makes it clear that the heroes do not change, they stand still.

The action of the play "Cherry Garden" begins in May, when the fruits of cherry trees begin to bloom, and ends in October. The conflict has no pronounced character. All major events that decisive the future of heroes occur behind the scene (for example, trading of estates). That is, Chekhov completely refuses the norms of classicism.

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"Cherry Garden" - the top of the Russian playwright of the early 20th century, lyrical comedy, play, marking the beginning of the new era of the development of the Russian theater.

The main topic of the fleet of autobiographical is the bankrupt family of the nobles sells his generic estate from the auction. The author, as a person who has passed through a similar life situation, describes the mental state of people forced to leave their home soon. An innovation of the play is the lack of dividing heroes on positive and negative, on top and minor. All of them are divided into three categories:

• people of the past are noble aristocrats (Ranevskaya, Gaev and their Firs Laki);
• the people of the present are their bright representative of the owner entrepreneur Lopahin;
• people of the future are the progressive youth of that time (Peter Trofimov and Anya).

History of creation

Chekhov began work on the play in 1901. In connection with serious health problems, the writing process was rather difficult, but nevertheless, in 1903 the work was completed. The first theatrical layout of the play took place in a year on the scene of the Moscow Art Theater, becoming the top of Czech's creativity as a playwright and the textual classics of the theater repertoire.

Analysis of the play

Description of the work

The action takes place in the childbirth estate of Lyubov Andreyevna Ranevskaya, who returned from France with her young daughter Anha. In the railway station, they are met by Gaev (Brother Ranevskaya) and cooking (her receptional daughter).

The financial situation of the Ranevsky family is nearing full collapse. Entrepreneur Lopahin offers its version of solving the problem - break the land plot on the PAI and give them to the use of dachensons for a specific fee. The lady is in this proposal, because for this you will have to say goodbye to her beloved cherry garden, with a lot of warm memories of youth. Adds tragism the fact that her beloved son Grisha was killed in this garden. Gaev, imbued with the experiences of the sister, encourages her promise that their generic estate will not be put up for sale.

The action of the second part occurs on the street, in the yard of the estate. Lopakhin, with his characteristic pragmaticity, continues to insist on its plan to save the estate, but no one pays attention to him. Everyone switches to Peter Trofimova's Teacher who appeared. He utters an agitated speech dedicated to the fate of Russia, its future and affects the topic of happiness in the philosophical context. Materialist Lopakhin skeptically perceives the young teacher, and it turns out that only one Anya can penetrate him with sublime ideas.

The third action begins the fact that Ranevskaya for the last money invites the orchestra and suits the dance evening. Gaev and Lopakhin are absent - they left for the city for trading, where the Ranevian estate should go from the hammer. After a vast expectation, the love of Andreevna learns that her estate was bought at the bidding with a blades, which does not hide joy from his acquisition. The Ranevskaya family comes to despair.

The final is devoted to the departure of the Ranevskaya family from their home home. The parting scene is shown with all the inherent in Chekhov deep psychologism. The play ends with a surprisingly deep in the content of the monologue of the company, which the owners in the hurry forgot in the estate. The final chord sounds a knock of the ax. Chop the cherry garden.

main characters

Sentimental features, the owner of the estate. Having lived several years abroad, she got used to a luxurious life and inertia continues to allow much that with the deplorable state of its finance according to the logic of common sense should be inaccessible to her. Being a frivolous special, very helpless in everyday matters, Ranevskaya does not want to change anything in themselves, while she completely gives itself a report in their weaknesses and disadvantages.

A succeeding merchant, many of the Ranevskaya family. Its image is ambiguous - it combines hardworking, calcality, enterprise, and rudeness, "Menietic" beginning. In the final of the play, Lopahin does not share the feelings of Ranevskaya, he is happy that despite the peasant origin, he was able to allow buying the owners of his late father.

Like its sister, very sensitive and sentimental. Being an idealist and romantic, for the consolation of Ranevskaya, inventy fantastic plans to save the generic estate. It is emotional, verbally, but at the same time completely lackless.

Peter Trofimov

Eternal student, nihilist, an eloquent representative of the Russian intelligentsia, taking advantage of Russia's development only in words. In the pursuit of "Higher True", he denies love, considering it a small and ghostly feeling than immensely upset his daughter's daughter Ranevskaya Anya.

Romantic 17-year-old young lady, which fell under the influence of populist Peter Trofimov. It is furiously believing in the best life after the sale of the parental estate, Anya is ready for any difficulties for the sake of joint happiness next to the beloved.

87-year-old old man, lacquer in the Ranevsky's house. The type of servant of the old time surrounds the deceing care of their owners. It remained to serve his gentlemen even after the cancellation of serfdom.

Young lacquer, with contempt relating to Russia, dreaming of going abroad. A cynical and cruel man, Hamit, an old Fours, is irrevocably belonging to his native mother.

Structure of the work

The structure of the play is pretty simple - 4 actions without division into separate scenes. Time actions - a few months, from the end of the spring through the middle of the autumn. In the first action there is an exposition and the tie, in the second - the increase in the voltage, in the third - the climax (selling of the estate), in the fourth - the omission. A characteristic feature of the play is the lack of genuine external conflict, dynamism, unpredictable turns of the storyline. Author's remarks, monologues, pauses and some innovation give the play in a unique atmosphere of exquisite Lorism. Artistic realism of the play is achieved due to the alternation of dramatic and comic scenes.

(Scene from modern production)

The play is dominated by the development of an emotional and psychological plan, the main engine of the action is the internal experiences of the heroes. The author expands the artwork of the work through the introduction of a large number of characters that will not appear on the scene. Also, the effect of expanding spatial boundaries gives a symmetrical emerging the theme of France, which gives the archer form of the play.

Final output

The last play of Chekhov, can be said - his "swan song". The novelty of her dramatic language is a direct expression of a special Chekhov life concept, which is characterized by extraordinary attention to small, at first glance, minor details, focusing on the internal experiences of heroes.

In the play "Cherry Garden" the author captured the state of the critical disunity of the Russian society of its time, this sad factor is often present in the scenes, where the characters hear only themselves, creating only the visibility of interaction.

Gorky about the meaning of the play: "The main question I wanted to put, is that better - truth or compassion? What you need? Do I need to bring compassion before using a lie like a bow? This question is not subjective, but a secularization.
Piece is philosophical, but all universal in it is not separated from deeply life and specifically historical. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the socio-domestic obsession. That the heroes were previously acquainted on the stories of Gorky, Bosyaki, are given in a reduced plan. Gorky saw and reflected in the play not a tragedy of Russian people, but a tragedy of Russian life.
In the title, the author it was important to allocate not the place of action, not the nature of the conditions, not even social position, but what is filled with the soul, which is happening at the bottom of human life, at the bottom of the human soul.

Luke
Externally, the onions do not affect the life of the nights, but a serious robot begins in their consciousness, therefore the subject of research in the play becomes the social conditions of reality and their reflection of people's consciousness. In each of the heroes of Luka, the bright directions of his personality saw, all his conversations were aimed at supporting a person, his faith in the best. Therefore, he speaks only with those who live the truth hopes, with unbelievers he has nothing to talk about. In an effort to comprehend the human nature, Luca makes a number of wise observations. The essence of these observations is a person worthy of respect, love and pity. The origins of such an attitude towards a person lie in the belief of Luke, that a person is initially good, and only the social vagueness of life makes it bad and imperfect. Therefore, the nightfit and stretched to Luke, which is kind and sincere with us and unconsune in desire to help. He does not deceive anyone and no one lies in anyone. Thus, Luka acts as an ideologist of passive consciousness, and in the dispute about the truth, which arises between him and the Bubnov, Baron, Luka asserts the charity of the comforting lies. The parable of righteous land expresses the idea of \u200b\u200bwhether it is impossible to deprive hope, albeit a meager.

True Luke and True Satina
Luke's preaching gave satina impulse for the emergence of a new life position, which is based on also respect for a person, but accents are shifted towards the active participation of a person in life. The Satina monologue is only the first step towards the formation of the active consciousness of man. The attitude of Gorky to Luke is ambiguous, in the development of the plot, the author's reproach is felt, because all illusions collapsed. On the other hand, the author accuses that there was no bows with people, but the spent the nights themselves, and thereby reveals one of the main features of the Russian national nature. Life discontent, critical attitude towards it and the inability to change something.