Types of military activities and their features in various types of armed forces and types of troops - a document. The main types of military activities and their features of the form of service
features in various types Armed Forces
and childbirth
In military activities of the serviceman, based on the tasks of military service, it is possible to allocate three main elements:
- educational and combat training;
- service-combat activities;
- Real fighting.
Training - a system of measures for training and military education of the personnel of parts and units, combat felting parts and units to prepare them for hosting or performing other tasks. It is aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of parts and is intended to provide a high military-professional level of personnel. Educational and combat training is continuously in peaceful and wartime.
These are mainly practical training in mastering weapons and military equipment, as well as skillful use of them in battle. This activity is mainly collective.
The result of educational and combat activities is the participation of parts and units in the exercises, on which the practical part of study is being worked out: the use of weapons and military equipment, combat vendors of divisions, ensuring combat operations.
Service-fighting activity aims to ensure combat readiness of parts and units. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should provide a rapid transition of troops to martial law and organized entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to fulfill the tasks.
Service-combat activities include: combat duty, guard and internal service.
Martial duty - This is the stay of specially allocated forces and funds in full combat readiness to fulfill any tasks or combat operations.
Preparation for combat duty is carried out as part of divisions, combat calculations, permanent shifts before each intercession on it.
Karaul service It is intended for reliable protection and defense of combat signs, storages with weapons, military equipment, etc. and is the execution of a combat.
The guard is called the armed unit assigned to perform a certain task, which consists of the head, guard and laying. Assigns to the guard of military personnel given to a military oath worthy of their moral and psychological qualities.
Internal service - This is a daily business activity organized in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service. Her appointment - maintaining in the military unit internal order and military discipline.
Real fighting - This is the type of military activity, for which armed forces are being created and their educational and combat training and service-combat activities are being carried out. These actions are carried out directly in the conditions of the battle and are aimed at defeating the enemy.
In the Armed Forces of Russia in 1998 the following types of Sun are formed:
1. Rocket troops strategic appointment (RVSN).
2. Ground troops (SV).
3. Air Force (Air Force).
4. Navy (Navy).
Ground troops – The most numerous appearance of the sun. We list the composition of St.
Motion troops Includes various military units and divisions: tank, rocket, artillery and others. They can act as independently and as part of other parts.
Tank forces They are the main shock power of the CV, consist of compounds, parts and units, are equipped with high-alignment tanks, powerful armor protection and weapons.
Rocket troops and artillery They are a reliable shield for troops and, at the same time, the main means of nuclear defeat of the enemy.
Airborne troops - Mobile bodies of troops, capable of acting in the rear of the enemy: consist of airborne sqv from parachute, artillery, special and other troops.
Troops anti-heart defense - The born of troops, designed to defeat the air enemy, as well as to protect troops from the air attack.
Air Force – the new kind Armed Forces created in 1998 after the merger of the Air Force and Air Defense during military reform. Includes various types of aviation: bombers, fighters, transport workers, attack aircraft, etc. The Air Force includes auxiliary parts of aviation maintenance.
Navy - The view of the armed forces to protect and conduct combat operations on the sea and ocean spaces. Consists of surface, underwater units as well marine infantry, coastal defense troops.
The activities of the military personnel are primarily due to its belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Each soldier is a member of the big team of people who are united under the concept of "Armed Forces", and, therefore, all of its activities should be aimed at ensuring those functions and tasks for which they are created.
In accordance with Federal law "On Defense" The Armed Forces are intended to reflect aggression against the Russian Federation for armed protection of integrity and inviolability of the territory, as well as to fulfill the tasks in accordance with international treaties.
Acting within the framework of the intention of the Armed Forces of Russia, the soldier must be ready to execute its duties that may include:
Participation in hostilities, the fulfillment of tasks in the conditions of emergency and military situation, in the conditions of armed conflicts;
- Execution official duties in everyday life;
- martial duty, combat services, services in the garrison dress, execution of duties in the composition of the daily dreasing;
- participation in the teachings or campaigns of ships;
- Performance of the order given by the commander or boss. All types of military activities of the soldier must first of all contribute to maintaining a high level of combat readiness and combat capability of the unit in which he passes military service.
Based on this, in military activities, three main elements can be distinguished: educational training, service-combat activities and real combat operations.
Training
Educational training - a system of measures for training and military education of the personnel of parts and units, combat felting of parts and units to prepare them for hosting or performing other tasks defined by the intention of the armed forces. Educational and combat training is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of parts and divisions. (Performance is the capabilities of troops to conduct combat operations and perform combat missions in accordance with their destination; combat capability depends on staffing, combat sweating and moral and combat qualities of the personnel of parts and units.)
Educational and combat training is intended to provide a high military professional level of personnel of parts and units. It is carried out continuously both in peaceful and wartime
In the course of educational and combat training, classes, teachings, combat shooting, training, during which military personnel are studying military charters, weapons and military equipment, actions in battle, and divisions and parts work out ways of action when performing combat missions.
Educational and combat training has a number of features. It is a clearly pronounced collective orientation and is organized in such a way that in the course of classes at the same time, individual servicemen are trained and the preparation of military units to joint actions is being prepared.
Educational and combat training is mainly practical training aimed at mastering the personnel of weapons and military equipment and the skillful use of them in battle to ensure superiority over the enemy.
Thus, the main part of the educational training is exercises that include multiple repetition of actions aimed at working out actions with weapons and military equipment and the skillful use of them tactical and technical characteristics in battle.
Military activities are mainly activities in the team (calculation, crew, separation). Consequently, training is carried out both individually and as part of a combat department for working out combat coherence.
The highest form of training in parts and divisions are the exercises that work out ways to use weapons and military equipment in battle, combat venewives of divisions and ensuring combat operations. The exercises are held in any weather, in real areas, with complete weapons and technology, in the situation approximate to combat.
In order to maintain the permanent combat readiness of weapons and military equipment in parts, park-economic days and days of regulatory work are planned, during which there are inspections and service of weapons and military equipment, as well as work on the improvement of parks (Park - territory equipped for storage, Maintenance and repair of military equipment), military towns, etc.
The content of educational and combat training is determined curricula and programs. One of the basic principles of the organization of educational and combat training is to learn the troops of what is necessary in war. Therefore, the fulfillment of educational and combat training tasks requires a high level of spiritual and physical qualities from each military personnel, and mastering all elements of military activities - mental stability and physical endurance.
Service-fighting activity
Service-combat activity is aimed primarily to ensure a high level of combat readiness of units and parts, i.e. the ability of troops in any conditions of the situation to start hostilities on time. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should provide a rapid transition of troops to martial law and organized entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately fulfill the combat missions.
Service-combat activity includes: combat duty, guard and internal service.
Combat duty is a stay of specially allocated forces and funds in full combat readiness for the fulfillment of suddenly arising tasks or conducting hostilities.
Combat duty is a combat task. It is carried out by duty forces and means appointed from military units and divisions. The on duty forces and funds include combat crews, crews of ships, duty shifts of management points, etc.
Preparation of personnel for the breakdown of combat duty is carried out as part of divisions, combat calculations, permanent shifts before each intercession for combat duty.
The military duty is not prescribed servicemen who are not cited by a military oath who have not assimilated the training and combat training program who made misconducts on which the investigation is conducted and patients.
To ensure the necessary degree of combat readiness, a number of restrictions and prohibitions in their behavior are superimposed on the personnel of duty.
So, for example, the personnel of the duty shift when carrying combat duty is prohibited: to transfer the fulfillment of their duties on the breakdown of combat duty; distracted by events that are not related to the execution of duties on the breakdown of combat duty; Osimitation to leave a combat post; WRITING AND MILITARY MECHANCE OF WORK SUCCESS WITH THE MANAGEMENT WINDOSITION.
The guard service is designed for reliable protection and defense of combat knowledge, storage facilities, military equipment, other material means.
The transfer of the guard service is the fulfillment of the combat mission and requires the personnel of high vigilance, accurate compliance and fulfillment of their duties, determination and initiatives.
Guilty of violating the requirements of the guard service are subject to disciplinary or criminal liability.
Karaula are prescribed to carry a guard service. The guard is called an armed unit appointed to fulfill the combat mission on the protection and defense of combat banners, military and government objects.
The guard includes: the head of the guard, guard in terms of posts and shifts, distributed. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the composition of Karaul are sent hourly.
The guard are appointed, as a rule, from among the soldiers (sailors), cited by a military oath, who have learned the relevant training programs and those who are ready for their moral and psychological qualities of the guard service.
The internal service is everyday work in military units and units. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to be maintained in the military unit of internal order and military discipline, providing its constant combat readiness.
Educational training and service-combat activities of military personnel, units and parts in aggregate provide the necessary level of combat capability of troops and the degree of their combat readiness, i.e. the ability at any time of the year and day, in any conditions be ready to fulfill their debt protection Fatherland. Repeat again: all military activities aims to prepare every soldier, division and part of the maintenance of real hostilities.
Real fighting
Real fighting is the type of military activity, for which the armed forces are created and their educational and combat training and service-combat activities are being carried out. Real fighting is military activities carried out directly in the conditions of combat and aimed at defeating the enemy.
From ancient times before the appearance firearms The fight was a hand-to-hand fight of warriors armed with cold weapons. With the development and improvement of firearms, the most important element of combat gradually became fire from firearms. A further increase in the rate of fire, range and accuracy of the arms firing, equipping the troops of artillery, tanks and aviation led to the fact that success on the battlefield began to be achieved by the agreed efforts of all kinds of troops. The main features of modern fight are maneuverability, dynamism, fast and sharp changes in the situation, the uneven development of its development on the front and in the depth, an increased moral and psychological and physical stress of personnel. The modern fight requires each serviceman of perseverance, initiatives, discipline.
The strongest impact on a person in battle is hazardous, which is perceived as a threat to life. Therefore, a special place during the battle is played by the ability of a person to manage its feelings, emotions and states, the ability to control their behavior and activities. Armed confrontation requires not only high physical qualities, but also spiritual and moral. The history of wars knows a lot of examples when the outcome of the battle decided not to be superiority in a living force and technology, but the moral and psychological readiness of the personnel to fulfill their military debt.
A vivid confirmation of the above is the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress (June 22 - July 20, 1941). Built in the nineteenth century, the fortress by the middle of the 20th century lost its military value and was used to house the portions of the Red Army. The sudden attack of the Nazis at dawn put in an extremely difficult position of the garrison of the fortress (about 3.5 thousand people). Surrounded by the enemy, in the conditions of acute shortage, and then the lack of ammunition, medicines, food and water, the defenders of the fortress held back the multiple fierce attacks of the superior enemy forces - the whole division of the Wehrmacht with the accumulation parts given to it. Methodically, the Hitlerians led artillery fire and bombed the fortress. But our kept. "Russians in Brest-Litovsk fought extremely stubbornly and persistently. They showed an excellent rate of infantry and a wonderful will to the fight, "it was said in the fighting report of the Hitler's commanders. Hunger, thirst, bleeding wounds completely exhausted the forces of Soviet soldiers. Sometimes only the bayonet and the butt were their only weapons. Only gradually the Hitlerians managed to take one fortress construction after another. The last defenders of the fortress went to the underground chamsis and continued to damage the invaders at night. The leader of the defense of the fortress at one of its sites Major P. M. Gavrilov was left alone without fighters and on July 23, 1941, he took his last fight with the fascists. Having struck from the pistol and the remaining grenades of several Nazis, he, contused, unconscious, was in captivity. Even ruthless enemies expressed respect for this courageous man. Fortunately, Major Gavrilov survived in captivity and in 1945 he returned to his homeland, continued to serve in the ranks of the Soviet army. For exceptional courage and heroism, shown in the protection of the Brest Fortress, he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Each military personnel in the process of military activity should constantly strive to develop such qualities as selfless devotion to their people, homeland, confidence in the defeat of the enemy, courage, heroism, readiness for self-sacrifice, military partnership, mutual assistance in battle. All of these qualities are purchased in the process of military service in the performance of all types of military activities.
Courage and excellent mutual commission showed Suvorov's miracle warriors. So, during the Italian campaign of 1799 in the battle on the Trebsti River, the Grenadiers of the Moscow Regiment were especially distinguished. Surrounded by French infantrymen, they did not retreat and did not give up. Moskovstov worked in all directions and, desperately rushing into the bayonets, broke out of the environment. And when Suvorov gave an order about the offensive and he himself led the troops forward, Moscow Grenadiers rushed at the favorite commander. The headquarters of Fedorov, collecting the soldiers around himself, made his way to the enemy banner, but was killed by a shot in the chest. His soldiers did not stop. Attacking was headed by Captain Neradovsky, who also died too soon. Then the Grenadiers, fierce of the death of commanders, rushed to the enemy with doubled forces, shot down them from the position and still captured an enemy banner. For this feat, the regiment received a collective award - a banner with a commemorative inscription about combat differences.
Consider general species and the main elements of military activities. It is important to note that there are a number of features in military activities depending on the type or kind of troops in which military service will have to undergo. In order to better if such an opportunity is presented, to determine the type or genus of troops for military service, where acquired life experiences, certain inclinations and preferences to the type of activity, it is necessary to have clear ideas about the structure of the modern army.
You already know about childbirth and types of troops. You already know from the course "Basics of Life Safety" for X Class. Once again briefly remind what species and the kind of troops of the Armed Forces Russian Federation And what is their main purpose. Perhaps thanks to this information you make a choice, give preference to one or another kind of troops, where military service will be more efficient. (See also Integrated, photo 20-26.)
In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 1998, four types of sun were formed:
Rocket troops of strategic appointment (RVSN);
- Ground troops (SV);
- Air Force (Air Force);
- Navy (Navy).
Rocket troops Strategic appointment includes rocket troops of inpatient and mobile bases. They consist of rocket armies, military units. RVSN is the main component of strategic nuclear forces.
Ground troops - The most numerous appearance of the Armed Forces of Russia. They include motorized rifle, tank, airborne, rocket troops, and artillery, air defense troops, as well as special troops (intelligence, engineering, chemical and bacteriological protection, communications, radio electronic struggle, technical support, topogeodesic, hydrometeorological) and rear.
SV are designed to conduct hostilities mainly on land.
Motor-stroke troops are designed to conduct hostilities independently, as well as together with other types of troops and special troops. In motorized rifle troops there are motorized rifle, tank, rocket, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and parts, as well as units of special troops and rear.
Modern motorized rifle troops are equipped with powerful weapons: rocket complexes, infantry combat machines, armored personnel carriers, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank missile complexes, anti-aircraft missile complexes, effective means Intelligence and management.
Tank troops make up the main shock power of St. Organizational tank troops consist of compounds, parts and divisions. They also have motorized rifle, rocket, artillery, anti-aircraft artillery and rocket units and divisions. In armament of tank troops there are high-alignment tanks with powerful armor protection and weapons.
Rocket troops and artillery are a genus of CR, which is the main means of fire and nuclear defeat of the enemy.
Airborne troops (airborne) - mobile genus of troops, designed to perform combat missions in the enemy rear. They are equipped with modern weapons and military equipment (martial machines of the landing, airplanes, helicopters, etc.). The organizational Airborne Forces consists of parachute, artillery, self-propelled-artillery, special and other parts and units.
The air defense troops are a bodies of troops designed to defeat the air opponent, covering the troops, control points and rear objects.
In addition to childbirth troops, special troops include special troops: communication troops, parts and units of the rear.
Communication troops are designed for the deployment and operation of communication systems and ensuring the management of troops in all types of combat activities.
Parts and subdivisions of the rear are designed for the rear provision of troops and fighting.
Air Force - A new type of armed forces, created in 1998 by transforming two types of Air Force and air defense troops.
The Air Force - the type of Armed Forces of Russia, intended to reflect the air-space attack, conquering domination in the air, as well as to solve the drums (destruction of military facilities, the destruction of the living force and military equipment of the enemy, etc.), intelligence, transport and special tasks.
The Air Force includes aircraft: bomber, fighter-bombardment, assault, fighter, intelligence, transport, army and special. The Air Force includes:
anti-aircraft troops, radio troops, parts and units of special troops.
The readiness of the flight units and units of the Air Force to conduct combat operations is provided by the composition of aviation-technical parts. These include aviation and technical bases and individual battalions of aviation-maintenance.
Navy Designed for armed protection of the interests of Russia, conducting hostilities on the sea and ocean theaters of the war.
The Navy consists of childbirth: underwater, surface, marine aviation, marine infantry and coastal defense troops. It also includes parts special purpose, parts and subdivisions of the rear.
Underwater forces - shock power of the fleet. Depending on the main weapons, submarines are divided into rocket and torpedo, and according to the type of energy installation - atomic and diesel-electric.
The main shock power of the Navy is atomic submarines armed with ballistic and cable missiles with nuclear charges.
Non-water forces are an important part of the Navy. Superwater ships are the main forces to ensure the yield of submarines in the fighting areas and their return to the base, for the transportation and cover of landings.
Sea aircraft - a genus of the Navy forces, consists of strategic, tactical, deck and coastal aviation.
Marine infantry - a genus of the forces of the Navy, intended for the conduct of hostilities in the composition of the marine assaults.
Coastal defense troops are designed to protect the items of basing the forces of the Navy, ports, important sections of the coast, etc.
Parts and subdivisions of the rear are designed for the rear provision of forces and hostilities of the Navy.
After reviewing the types of armed forces and the birth of troops, their purpose, it is also necessary to keep in mind that military duties have the difference not only depending on the type of armed forces or the kind of troops, but also from military position.
In the Armed Forces in accordance with the psychological classification established by the "Guidelines for Professional Psychological Selection in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", military posts, replaced by soldiers and sailors, sergeants and elders, are divided into account of the homogeneity of the requirements for individual psychological qualities of specialists in seven main classes of similarities Military posts: Team, operator, communications and observations, driver, special purpose, technological and other military posts.
For a more complete idea of \u200b\u200bthe features of military activities, briefly read the main positions, complete soldiers, sailors, sergeants and elders in the types of armed forces in the classes of similar military posts (Table 4).
Having read all the features of military activities, it is necessary to conclude that the execution of duties of military personnel is the specific area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity, which is wide and multifaceted and requires a young man before entering the military service of a meaningful and weighted approach to assessing its capabilities and organizing its preparation for military service Taking into account the requirements for spiritual qualities, to the level of education and physical qualities.
Table 4.
Types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Consider a number of official duties of military personnel on the types of armed forces of the Russian Federation, which determine the requirements for their professional training.
Operator military posts in strategic missile troops
Command Radio Operator. Full military position - operator. Foreway military rank - ordinary. The operator performs a set and issuance of control systems for onboard systems of spacecraft and control over the exchange of information between land facilities and space objects.
The command radio operator is obliged to know the purpose, the device and the rules of operation of the radio system equipment, the set and issuance of commands for controlling the onboard systems of spacecraft, control the exchange of information with them and control the execution of commands.
The command radio operator must have the ability to continue to maintain intensive attention, quickly perceive oral speech, memorizing visual and auditory information, maintain high performance and activity under the conditions of impact of extraneous stimuli, be disciplined, executive, organized, neat in operation.
In military activities, it is conventionally distinguished by three main elements: educational training, service-combat activities and real combat operations.
Educational training is a system of measures to train and educate servicemen, combat service of parts and units to prepare them for joint combat operations or the fulfillment of other tasks. This preparation is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of parts and units, i.e. their capabilities successfully conduct combat operations and perform combat missions.
Educational training provides a high military professional level of personnel parts and units. It is carried out continuously both in peaceful and in wartime and includes classes, teachings, combat shooting, training, during which military personnel study military statutes, weapons and military equipment, actions in battle, and divisions and parts work out action methods When performing combat missions.
Educational and combat training has a number of features. It is a clearly pronounced collective orientation and is organized in such a way that in the course of classes at the same time, individual servicemen are trained and the preparation of military units to joint actions is being prepared. This is mainly practical training aimed at mastering warriors with weapons and military equipment and skillful use of them in battle.
The highest form of training and combat training are the exercises that work out methods for using weapons and military equipment in battle, combat fentions of units and parts are performed. The teachings are held in any weather, in real areas, with regular arms and technique, in the situation as close as possible to the combat.
Service-combat activities are intended to ensure a high level of combat readiness of units and parts - their ability to start military operations in any conditions. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should provide a rapid transition of troops to martial law and organized entry into combat operations, and in wartime - the ability to immediately fulfill the combat missions.
Service-combat activity includes combat duty, guard and internal service.
Combat duty is a combat task. It is carried out by duty forces and means appointed from military units and units and in full combat readiness to perform suddenly emerging tasks or conducting hostilities. The on duty forces and funds include combat crews, crews of ships, de
Women belong to the third discharge of stock having military titles Officers, - are in stock up to 50 years, and the rest are up to 45 years old.
Citizens who have reached the limit age in reserve or recognized as unfit to military service for health, are resigned and removed from military accounting.
Questions and tasks
1. What time frame in the Russian Federation is a call for citizens to military service?
3. What things are allowed to store in the bedside table?
5. List the main types of military activities. Which one, in your opinion, is the most important and why?
6. What is the purpose of a stock of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
7. Prepare a message about the purpose and content of military service upon call or military service under the contract.
Securing military service | General requirements forinsolence of military service
Security of military service - It is ensuring the security of military personnel, the population and the environment from the threats arising during the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Safety of military service is carried out in accordance with the following principles: ensuring the priority of the life and health of people in organizing the daily activities of troops; Compliance with legality; adequacy of the measures taken by threats to the security of military service; the complexity and continuous prophylactic focus of the events; clear delimitation of functions, powers and responsibility of military administration and military officers; State guarantees of the rights and socio-economic support of military personnel in causing harm to their lives and health.
Safety requirements that determine the security of military personnel are established by legislative acts and regulatory and technical documentation, rules and instructions. In order to fulfill these requirements with military personnel, instructions are carried out, which are divided into introductory, primary, repeated, unscheduled and targeted.
Introductory instructions are conducted officers Management of the military unit: with all military personnel - on their arrival to pass military service; with listeners and cadets who arrived in a part to the practice (internship) - before it began; with commoded to persons - on their arrival in the part. The introductory instruction program is approved by the commander of the military unit.
Primary instructions are carried out by communities directly at the place of execution of official and special duties individually with each newly arrived serviceman, practically showing safe techniques and methods for performing these duties.
Repeated instructions are also carried out commanders of the Primary Tailing Programs at least once every six months.
Explain-free instructions are carried out by communities in the introduction of new instructions for the safety requirements, admission of new weapons, equipment and equipment, receiving reviews and incident information, detecting violations by military personnel of security measures; Breaks in fulfilling official duties over two months.
Targeted sacrifices of personnel are carried out before intercession on combat duty (combat service); when preparing for the carrier of the guard service; every time the work associated with increased danger; when transporting servicemen "and explosive goods by all types of transport; at worship on business trips and leave; in the elimination of emergency situations; at the beginning bathing season - about the rules of bathing; and in other cases by solving the commander of a part or compound.
I Warning Distille
| and Tr. avmatism of military personnel
Commanders and bosses are obliged to take measures to prevent death and injury to servicemen. The most important of these measures are the following:
When organizing and carrying combat duty, it is necessary to identify the necessary security requirements that correspond to the degrees of combat readiness and allowing the tasks suddenly arising in a timely manner; The admission of soldiers to the carrying of combat duty is permitted only after training by their safe methods of performance of official duties, actions in emergency and emergency situations, the rules for the provision of first medical assistance to victims during accidents;
When working with weapons and military equipment, it is necessary to ensure its implementation in strict accordance with the established technological requirements; The admission of military personnel on the right to manage technical means to fulfill work on their maintenance and repair is permitted only after training and commissioning for the right of independent work;
When conducting combat training events, security measures should be provided and determined responsible for their implementation; Special attention should be paid to the selection and professional training of clause executives, equipment of the places of their conduct, the serviceability of weapons and military equipment, the means of imitation, the ability to comply with the requirements of security in classes.
When carrying out the personnel of the guard and internal services, special attention should be paid to compliance with safety requirements when handling weapons, the psychological readiness of each serviceman to fulfill their duties, ensuring systematic control over the performance of the daily duty officers of their functional duties.
I Medical Equipment security Military service
Medical support of military personnel is a set of measures to preserve and strengthen their health, providing them with medical care, treatment and fastest restoration of labor and combat capability after diseases and injuries. This provision includes sanitary-epidemiological supervision, anti-epidemic and medical and preventive measures, supply of medical equipment and property, scientific development of problems military medicineproviding high combat and mobilization readiness of the medical service.
Military personnel and citizens designed for military fees are entitled to free medical care and
paid provision of drugs, other medical property for recipes for doctors in military medical institutions. For medical support of military personnel in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation there is a broad network of military-medical institutions, which includes 220 military hospitals by about 65 thousand beds. Among them are such highly specialized medical institutions as the main military clinical hospital. N. N. Burdenko and Central Military Clinical Hospital. A. A. Vishnevsky. Each year more than 700 thousand people are treated in military hospitals, about 200 thousand operations and more than 25 million diagnostic studies are held. The services of military personnel, in addition to hospitals, operates 153 outpatient - polyclinic facilities, 44 sanatoriums and holiday homes designed for 22 thousand places.
2. Operational combat activity of troops
Operational combat activities of the NKVD troops - the fulfillment of suddenly arising, not tolerances of official-combat and combat missions on the search, the seizure and elimination of enemy assaults, sabotage groups and the enemy agents, gangster, rebel and nationalist formations that have the resistance of armed criminals, violators of the military laws time. Forms, methods, methods of their implementation treated the sections "Special Tactics" or "Special Operations". To solve operational combat missions, military compounds, parts, divisions, outfits, groups, individual soldiers, in wartime, besides, could be involved in armed groups, formed from among local residents, but invariably under the leadership of the NKVD, police officers or officers of the troops of the NKVD. The tasks associated with the exploration, wraising, detention, the seizure of armed individuals or small groups were solved by individual outfits, divisions, in accordance with the provisions of special tactics; The fight against sabotage groups, gangster or nationalistic formations was carried out in the form of special operations (Chekist, operational-Chekist, Chekist-military, operational-military) compounds, parts, military groups based on developed plans for the event. In the period of the Great Patriotic War special operations It was carried out with the involvement of the unarmed local population, but under the guidance of officers from the NKVD troops or local bodies of the NKVD, the police and in the presence of an armed military or police reserve.
The main types of outfits were: check-in or checkpoints (CAT), reconnaissance and search groups (RPG), ambushes, search groups (GHS), maneuverable groups (mg), operational and military groups (HGG), barriers, secrets, posts Observations.
The most important elements of combat orders in large operations were groups: blocking, searching, clothing, inspection of the area (sinking), continuous verification of documents (clients), reserve. Auxiliary elements A combat order in operations could be: prosecution groups, observation posts, patrol groups, posts of protection or regulation of vehicles, secrets, doses. Depending on the operational situation, the operation was carried out in various ways: searching in a blocked area, searching in a non-disconnected area, searching for areas, solid search, selective search, search for areas, searching for facilities, persecution, environment.
Control and bandwidth (test) items as part of the department, platoon - one of the main types of outfits that were not elements of combat order, but were used in all operations of the NKVD troops as an integral part of the regime measures. The personnel of the outfit was exhibited on the paths of mass movement of civilians and servicemen to solve the personal inspection of the identity documents and the need to be in this territory in accordance with the requirements of the regime measures carried out under the laws of military time or orders of the military command. The personnel of the PPC during the verification of the documents detected and detained people who do not have identity identity or having such but expired or fake, also detained persons who are suspected of belonging to a hostile or criminal element. In order to prevent the attempts of persons who did not want to go through a checkpoint, to bypass it by the most likely directions of their movement were exposed secrets, ambushes. In the daytime, these functions were performed by observation posts. The reserve of the head of the PPC carried out all detentions and conjunction.
The secret is hidden the post to observe the surrounding area on the most likely ways of movement of sabotage groups and assaults of the enemy, gangs, wanted persons. The outfit consisting of 2-3 fighters is set at a certain time, after which he independently leaves the place of execution of the task. The Secretary Service is not checked due to the adherence to the secrecy of the location of the outfit. Depending on the situation, the secret could perform an ambush task.
The ambush is hidden the group, a division for the sudden capture or destruction of the enemy, gang. The outfit was exhibited in places where they most likely had to appear. In the case of the need for an outfit could only be captured. The quantitative composition of the ambush depended on the task being performed and could have from 2-3 people to several divisions. The larger composition of the ambush could include a group of capture, a group of cover and observation posts.
Intelligence and search groups performed tasks in the composition of the separation or platoon in the separation from the site of the base. The outfit was intended for the conduct of intelligence, search and destruction of sabotage groups and the enemy agents, a gang of criminal and political sense, in areas likely to find them. RPGs could become an element of combat order in the "Search Search" operations. In the area of \u200b\u200bexecution of the task, the outfit advanced by a hiking order, as the search object (a forest array could have been hidden (a forest array, thickets of shrubs), the unit built the chain and began to move. The distance in the chains between military personnel was established as so that the fighters could constantly maintain a visual and firing connection with the neighbor. After passing the search object, the chain turned into a hiking column and continued to move towards the next object. The opponent's intelligence was carried out with the help of local residents, employees of the NKVD and police bodies, in the footsteps and physical evidence found in the search area. After discovering the enemy, RPG covered the place of his stay from two to three sides, offered to surrender, in the event of a refusal or resistance, the outfit opened fire on defeat.
Search groups were appointed to search for deserters, terrorists, saboteurs, especially dangerous armed criminals, fugitives from custody, when the area of \u200b\u200btheir location and personality were known. For the detention or seizure of one particularly dangerous criminal, 3-4 people were appointed in the outfit, if a small gang was sought, the composition of PG was supposed to have in its composition the number of fighters 2-3 times more than the number of wanted persons.
Maneuverable groups of 130-260 people (14 divisions were formed) were created on the eve of the war from the personnel of the border detachments of the Western regions of the country to assist parts of the prompt appointment of the NKVD troops in the fight against gangs, rebel, nationalist and sabotage formations. Mg did not have a permanent location of the dislocation, moved to the indication of the management of operational troops to build forces and means in areas with an exacerbated operational environment for the implementation of private combat missions or participation in hostilities in the composition of military groups in conjunction with divisions of the parts of the operational appointment or other NKVD troops. The main component of the organizational structure of the maneuverable group was individual plates.
Operational-military groups were intended to search for particularly dangerous criminals or enemy agents in settlements and other places of the most likely to find them. The composition of the ARG is the Rifle company. The division was divided into 7-10 subgroups of 5-7 people each, a reserve was distinguished in the amount of 10-12 people. The operational-military group included 3-4 employees from the composition of the local NKVD bodies and the police. Each subgroup received a job on the day to work 7-12 objects. In the village of this residential building, economic yard, pricework. Each subgroup was in service with metallic 1.5-2-meter pins for tackling probable shronts, straw sisonds and haystacks, storage sites of grain crops. Inside, it was also in service, and rolling checkers to undermine obstacles where the probe could not penetrate, wire loops or metal hooks to overturn the haystacks. During the search, the outfit exposed all the premises in the residential building, srates, cellars; All the walls, the floor, the ceiling was closed for finding emptiness. Each settlement depending on the situation was subjected to operational and military exposure within 2-3 days or a day. Operations with widespread use of operational and military groups were conducted in 1944-1945 and later.
The barriers were exhibited in the form of separate outfits to overlap the likely ways to move towards important military objects or suppressing outputs from the area of \u200b\u200boperations to sabotage groups, gangster, nationalist, other hostile formations. The barriers could be an element of combat order of the blocking group in large operational and military operations. The composition of the assfill is separation, platoon, company. The separation consisted of 3-4 outfits of 2-3 people at intervals of 25 to 150 m, depending on the conditions of the terrain. The platoon could overlap the frontier to 1.5, the company is up to 5 km. In order to preserve the location of the main part of the unit in the secret of the location of the unit: observation posts, secrets, sent to individual directions of the dose. The barriers were exhibited and service was hidden in compliance with the strict disguise requirements. For the enemy, the gang appeared on the path of their movement of the assfill should have been invariably sudden.
Blocking - component Events to curb the opponent's care from the area of \u200b\u200boperational-military operation, is carried out by a blocking group. Depending on the type of operation, the blocking group could carry out the task of falling down, ambushes, secrets, patrol groups, a block of overlapping.
The search is the main component of operations or activities on the search for criminals, saboteurs, bandits, other kinds of hostile and criminal element. He was carried out by a group of search in operational and military operations or individual outfits. The ultimate goal of the search is to detect the location of the wanted persons or groups, and, moreover, their capture or destruction, if there was a combat order. The combat order of the search group is a chain, the intervals in which depended on the problem of the terrain, the time of day and weather. In particularly difficult conditions, the fighters in the chains were exposed in pairs.
The main types of operational and military operations were: searching in a blocked area, a unlocked area search, a search for directions, a selective search, a search for facilities.
The search operations in the blocked area were carried out when the success of the military operations of army or front-scale or events of a similar level was dependent on their results. Operations were considered as efficient as possible, but required to attract a significant amount of forces and funds. The elements of combat order were a blocking group, a search group, reserve. The search group could lead one-sided (chain movement in one direction) or counter (the movement of the solid chains towards each other) search. The intervals in one without breaks in the chain did not exceed 10-15 steps, the pace of movement is 1-2 km / h.
Operations of searching in a non-disconnected area were considered less effective, but they needed a much smaller number of people, time to organize and carry out. The elements of combat order were the search group and reserve. On the final turn of the search and in the directions of the most likely nepper care from the search area, barriers, observation posts, other types of outfits could be exhibited. The intervals in the chains were 29-30 steps, the pace of search depended on the conditions of the area and could be from 2 to 4 km / h. This species most often carried out operational and military operations.
Operations in directions were carried out in the absence of data on the area of \u200b\u200bfinding wanted persons or groups. Elements of combat order were reconnaissance groups and reserves. RPGs could keep a search from the initial position with parallel, divergent or converging routes.
Operational-military selective operations were carried out under conditions when the area of \u200b\u200bpossible finding wanted persons or groups did not have certain borders and there were no data on their location. The most likely zone or a small settlement location of the enemy was determined, the search was conducted there, according to its results and the information received from the local population was made on the further course of the operation. Elements of combat order were reconnaissance groups and reserves. In some directions, observation posts could be displayed. In the settlements, the search was conducted by solid verification of documents from there are people there for the right to stay and stay in this farm, village, village, Aule. The check was carried out, as a rule, in the presence of representatives of local authorities and the police.
Operations of searching in objects (by objects) were carried out by search groups in the composition of the separation or platoon, depending on the size of the object. The elements of combat order were: a group of surveys (search), a group of overlapping the most likely ways to care wanted, observation posts, reserve.
Occupation is an integral part of the operational and military operation to find a hostile and criminal element in places of mass accumulation of civilians and military personnel (clients). The coil was carried out with the chain with the intervals between the fighters for the distance of the elongated hand. An integral part of the clarolation was checkpoints.
The environment is a way of isolating wanted persons or groups discovered during the operation. The personally appointed in the surrounding group was built by combat order in such a way that the fighters at any time could be by maneuvering the movement of people trying to break through the lines of environments. Elements of combat order - a group of environment, observation posts and reserve. The composition of the environment of the environment depended on the situation.
The persecution of the enemy, bandits, individuals found during the operation could be carried out by the persecution groups with frontal or parallel methods. The frontal method is the movement of the pursuers after the persecution object, which constantly or periodically visited visually. Parallel persecution was carried out by parallel routes, beyond the visibility of a fugitive or fugitives. The aim of persecution was to force them to stop, then make coverage or environment. In the presence of a combat order, capture or destruction was carried out.
Such were methods, techniques, forms, tactics of certain outfits of military units and units of the NKVD troops in operational and military operations in the fight against hostile and criminal element in pre-war time; Significant improvement of them belongs to the period of the Great Patriotic War.
At the beginning of the war
With the first shots on the border, the operational combat activities of the NKVD troops began to acquire a wide range. From everywhere in the military units of the NKVD, information from the locals about the armed performance of the nationalist formations and the appearance of the enemy's landings began to be informed. To combat those and others, the personnel of border detits and other parts of the NKVD troops were directed first. In the extremely difficult conditions of the military situation and difficult to describe the operational situation in the front-line band, the NKVD troops were successfully conducted a number of operations against nationalist formations. So, on June 26, 1941 in the front-line lane of the North-Western Front, the personnel of the 5th motorized rifle shelf Operational appointments were eliminated by a detachment of more than 120 people, consisting of nationalist groups, and several small formations.
However, the operational-combat actions of the NKVD troops in the front-line band lasted not long. Due to the established circumstances, the military advice of the fronts began to attract parts of the NKVD to carry out the tasks of the protection and defense of important martiality objects. The fight against gangs and nationalist formations by itself went to the background. Often, the commanders of the NKVD parts had operational information about the location of the gang of nationalist or criminal sense and even sabotage groups, but were forced to not respond to the situation by continuing to fulfill the orders of higher instances. Such examples could be observed in the use of Tallinn and Riga regiments of operational appointment and border portions of the NKVD troops in the Baltic States. The results affected immediately. So, for the first seven days of war in the front-line lane of the North-Western, Western and South-Western fronts, only 15 sabotage groups and nationalist bandforms were liquidated, while from one "Brandenburg-800" regimen in the same territories were over 100 sabotage Group.
At the beginning of the war, sabotage and other hostile formations acted, as a rule, in the operational rear of the defendant troops of the Red Army, because the struggle with them was carried out by the units of the NKVD troops located nearby. The organization of operations, as a rule, was carried out in a hurry, in conditions of time deficit, without reliable data on the adversary, without a sufficient number of personnel. The main method of operations was a search in a non-disconnected chain area or a search in the directions of reconnaissance groups.
The lack of information about the enemy forced the command of parts during the decision-making on the operation to use large areas for its conduct. Therefore, the operations selectively search, as well as searching in a non-disclocked area, used quite often. Operations were carried out in a short time, nevertheless they often ended with positive results. It is possible to explain them by the fact that after receiving operational information about the enemy and until the time of its capture or destruction passed at least time, not more than 3-6 hours. High time spent more often led to the fact that the enemy had time to change the place of stay, and there was a lot of time for the conduct of persecution, which had no personnel. The situation in the front-line strip changed often, to leave his part for a long time was a matter of non-disabilities, who, retired from their parts of the servicemen, had many.
In the course of the joint digression with the units of the Red Army, information about the location of sabotage groups was often competed from military intelligence Or hiking parts of the Red Army. In this case, the checking and rechecking of the information received about the enemy was not required, which made it possible to decide on its liquidation during the movement and immediately. Personal composition assigned to perform a combat problem, more often a platoon, covered with the move or surrounding the place of finding the enemy. If you refuse to surrender, the personnel opened fire on defeat. So, after the location of the head of the opponent's head hiking of the 3rd regiment of the NKVD troops of the Operational appointment, it took only 2 hours. Another example. The head of the opponent has just been discovered by military scouts a few kilometers from the running column of the Red Army regiment. The regiment commander sent a backup company on the vehicles to the place of landing. Personal composition with the move took an attack on the landing, which did not fully prepare for defense. In the course of a short fight, the enemy was liquidated in a short time, everything was necessary for everything about everything. The tactics of personnel action in this case was heightened, the commander of the reserve with the move threw away from two sides of the location of the landing in one suspension, carried out coverage, then the enemy landing destroyed the fire from the spot.
According to the author, it is important to familiarize with data on the cost of time on the organization of operations to eliminate sabotage groups and enemy assaults under the conditions of the front of the fronts, when the personnel was in constant combat readiness. The assessment of the situation was carried out during the commission of a march or at short stops. At the same time, there were few data on the adversary or they were generally absent, there was nothing to analyze, the possibility of their personnel, weather conditions did not need the estimate, the plan of operation was determined taking into account the existing experience. Operational decisions were originally accepted as preliminary, but with subsequent corrections for real conditions after going to its original position. Time for this work in the field was spent from 0.5 to 1.5 hours. On the same work, when departing units in garrisons spent from 3 to 6 hours.
Any other case, if the sabotage group or an enemy landing landed in the front-line areas. In these cases, operational information about their landing in the military unit of the NKVD came from local residents (by experience, within 2-4 hours), the transfer of personnel at its initial position ranked 3 to 6 hours, 3- 6 o'clock. It turns out, on average, the residence time of the enemy in the front-line strip was 10-11 hours. Diversants were thrown more often at night. If on this territory of the military or otherwise, the peculiar to the enemy was organized accordingly, the enemy landing during this time could not take active actions and sufficiently prepare for defense.
In the initial period of war, in rapidly changing conditions, in the process of organizing operations, its head, due to the lack of intelligence data on the quantitative composition of a sabotage group or nationalist formation, as a rule, could not analyze the ratio of the forces and determine the amount of personnel on its conduct. In these cases, the operations and commanders participated in operations. Therefore, the ratio of forces in successful operations in most cases was 1: 7-1: 9 not in favor of the NKVD troops. There was a lot of cases when the operational-combat task was solved successfully at the ratio of forces 1: 2-1: 3, but at the same time the time to organize the operation increased at times, the loss of personnel increased.
Summarizing, it is possible to state: the operational-combat activities of the NKVD troops in the first months of the war did not have a systematic nature and was not based on the decision-making decisions on conducting operations or military actions on reliable information, due to its absence. Operations were carried out with coverage of large areas with a constant lack of personnel for conducting search operations. Due to lack of time, the operation began without careful preparation and proper interaction between the outfits and units, which often led to the care of the enemy's forces from under the fire.
1942. Improving operational combat activities
In early 1942, the task of strengthening the struggle with spies, sabotage and other hostile formations in the front-line strip, on protected facilities and adjacent territories, in cooperation with the territorial bodies of the NKVD and the police, clear cities and other settlements from the opponent agent, criminal element. The military units and even the connections of the NKVD troops were attracted to the implementation of operational combat problems with individual units and even in full force. Thus, the 10th Infantry Division of the internal troops on the orders of the NKVD of the USSR in the period from March 17 to March 22, 1942 spent once at the same time along the entire territory of Stalingrad a large-scale operation on the purification of the city. The task was carried out by checking the documents from all citizens and servicemen on the streets without exception, during the examination of the artless, basement and warehouse premises, residential and non-residential buildings in order to arrest individuals without documents or with those, but overdue or faked each subdivision (separation, platoon) The area of \u200b\u200bthe terrain with residential and non-residential buildings was determined, on which it performed the task of searching for objects. IN apartment house The search facility was the floor. The detainees were sent to filtration points. During the operation in Stalingrad, 9 enemy agents and about 300 people who had previously received various crimes were detained.
Forces of the internal troops and parts of the NKVD troops on the protection of the rear, search operations were carried out in settlements and in the surrounding territories exempt from the German-fascist invaders. The purpose of fulfilling operational combat missions was the seizure of agents, gender and accomplices of the enemy, deserters, marauders. Operations for objects were carried out in the same settlements several times and different time day. Divisions of the NKVD troops were conducted by checking documents in the field of mass accumulation of citizens and military personnel (clients): in the markets, railway Station, on crossings through rivers. In some cases, the clients were carried out in settlements, in cases where there were operational data on the enemy agents, the enemy's agents and accomplices of the enemy. The elements of combat order were: a search group for objects, a series of overlapping and reserve. In these cases, instead of a group of codes at the outputs from the settlement, posts of observation, secrets or ambushes were exposed. At the most likely ways of leaving the settlement of the wanted persons or groups, there was a reserve of the operator of the operation. The organization of the task was invariably carried out at night with the calculation so that the signal about its start came to the search unit on objects with the beginning of the dawn. Operations were carried out, as a rule, by battalion, while the idea of \u200b\u200bthe event and the course of its implementation was coordinated with the local authorities of the NKVD and the police, which in most cases became participants in the operation. During the operation, everyone was detained without exception, trying to leave from the settlement. The results of the fields in the settlements were most often successful. For example, when conducting operations in April 1942 in a number settlements Stalingrad region, from among the detainees, 2327 persons of the criminal sense and accomplices of the enemy were revealed.
In the summer of 1942, the operational situation outside the front-line strip of the central and southern directions of the Soviet-German front was in such a way that it was there that was focused to a greater extent hostile and criminal element. There was the need for measures to clean the terrain from an undesirable contingent. One of the forms of combating it was sudden checks of persons moving at night on roads within walking; vehicles, another way - carrying out operations to combat forest arrays, bushings of shrubs and Bianana by the military units of the NKVD and the Red Army, the local authorities of the NKVD and the police with the help of the local population.
Sudden checks were carried out by the personal composition of the military units of the NKVD. From the duty units in the shelves of the troops, operational groups were formed as part of 30-40 people who could perform tasks within a radius of up to 40 km from the deployment site. The outfits overlapped on one line the most likely directions of the motion of bandforms, agents and accomplices of the enemy. On each of the existing roads, control and verification points were exhibited, between which the service was carried by secrets, ambushes or barriers to detaining persons trying to bypass the PPC side. Operation plans Command military units agreed with the special departments of higher army headquarters, local branches of the NKVD and police, village or local rural councils.
Operations on the placement of the area were carried out by the territorial bodies of the NKVD and the police on their own or in cooperation with the military units of the NKVD. The author at a thirteen age happened to take part in one of these operations.
1942, the beginning of autumn. Front 100-150 kilometers. One sunny morning, the director of the Budarin Central School of the Stalingrad Region, built a ruler and made an announcement that high school students, together with teachers, will participate in the operations on combating the bunoan's thickets, classes are canceled. Then the excited voice was ordered to immediately run home, leave notebooks and books, take a piece of bread and in one hour later to become a ruler.
Through this hour, no line was built before the school, but a column from boys and girls in classes led by teachers, class managers. To allocate separate groups of boys and girls in the classes director not allowed. The head of the police department appeared before the column, he said that and how to do when the operation begins that armed militiamen will go ahead, and behind the chain, the branch of the Red Army teams will go. He also said that during the movement of the task of each student and teacher, to detect someone else's man in Bournan, right there to sit on the ground and transfer the signal "Stand" in the chain, and that no one would do any other action. Class leaders were charged with the duty to ensure that the distance between students was no more than ten steps.
A half hour dust school column on the road to the place of operation. The mood is raised: it would still have to catch the gangsters that kidnapped bread from the collective farm barn in the neighboring area. A group of women, employees of district agencies and collective farms from the nearest farms were added to the school column.
The chain was built on a country road, on the right and on the left of the breast and above. In the classroom there were two dozen pupils, approximately equally bare boys and girls. The school existed the order so that they were consistent with pairs behind the desk. The class teacher built the chain in the same way, with alternating those who sat at the desk with whom. Militiamen took the nagans, went ahead, the branch of the fighters remained behind, along with them the head of the district department and two more policemen. In such a construction, the search group went ahead. Girls immediately began to go to be closer to the guys. And those proud of their mission went with a highly raised head. Labors cost class managers to withstand intervals in the chain. The movement of the movement is also slowed down, the girls did not carry the trousers, and Byrian High and the prickly, they had to divert the stalks of the plants from the legs. He was observed on the sides and forth mostly representatives of strong sex.
The chain went long until finally came to some beam. The head of the district office immediately filed the team "Fest". There was no participants in the operation of the operation in tall thickets, and everyone was glad that you could go home.
This kind of terrain cleaning activities was carried out much, was involved for their conduct a large number of military personnel and local population. Practice, however, showed that this kind of operation with the involvement of significant forces had good results, but were difficult in organizational terms, a lot of time was spent on their conduct. In this regard, the tactics of reconnaissance groups, tested in border troops, began to implement the operational combat missions in all troops of the NKVD. In a number of indications of the NKVD of the USSR, the emphasis was focused on the fact that the methods of performing RPG tasks should form the basis of all operational-combat activities in the troops. Special instructions were even published on the tactics of the actions of intelligence and search groups.
The simplicity of the organization, the efficiency and maneuverability of the outfit quickly won popularity in the troops of the NKVD. Dresses were solved by many operational combat missions. RPGs were sent to the individual most likely directions of movement or finding persons to be delayed or liquidation in the event of resistance. The quantitative composition of the RPG depended on the task being performed and in the spring of 1942 ranged from 5-7 to 10-12 people who carried the service in the separation from its division within 10-12 hours. However, at the beginning of the summer, the number of personnel in the reconnaissance and search groups increased to 20-25 people, organizationally - platoon. Such a number of people in the framework of the RPG received the greatest distribution. This was due to the fact that when eliminating even small sabotage groups and gangster formations, intelligence and search groups were most often incapable to fully cope with a well-prepared and armed sabotage group. According to the well-known bandit tactics, they actively acted if there were a numerical advantage. When the number of intelligence and search groups doubled and even tripled, as a rule, the sabotage groups were eliminated without any special difficulties. RPGs as part of the platoon successfully eliminated gangs in the amount of up to 16 people, i.e., with the ratio of forces 1: 4. The sabotage groups of the enemy, the number of which in 1942 ranged from 3-4 to 6-8 people, was confidently destroyed with the ratio of forces from 1: 3 to 1: 5 in favor of intelligence groups.
The senior outfit was appointed commander of the department or platoon. The basis of the tactics of RPG action was an active search in a given area or direction. In cases where the outfit found the enemy, the personnel was rebuilt into the chain at intervals of 10-25 steps between the fighters, 6-8-meter jerks carried out a rapprochement under the cover of the sniper, threw the opponent with grenades, pursued in case of his care from the place of clashes.
Experience shows: The results of the operational-combat mission were more successful if the senior outfit was assigned a platoon commander or an assistant commander of the intelligence commander. As an example, it is possible to consider the practice of performing operational combat missions by the personal composition of the NKVD troops on the protection of the rear of the Bryansky Front. Under the guidance of the RPG operational employee of the 18th border regiment, about forty of enemy agents and persons who committed various crimes in the front-line strip detained for several days. In the rear of the Western Front of the RPG from the 88th border regiment, as part of 10 fighters, under the leadership of the platoon's commander, actually detected by active actions, then destroy the German parachute towers in the amount of more than two dozen soldiers and officers.
In cases where it was assumed to meet with a large gang or a sabotage group, the decision of the senior chief or by mutual agreement, the reconnaissance and search groups were combined for joint actions. At the same time, the success of the combined group largely depended on the strength of the links between the outfits and the clarity of the interaction between them.
Since the spring of 1942, the NKVD troops began to be applied new form solutions of operational combat missions - Cheekist-military groups (CHVG). The Group included 30-40 fighters and commanders, 2-3 operational workers from the reconnaissance departments of the NKVD parts or representatives of the special departments of the Red Army. The main appointment of the CHVG was the search, the seizure of employees of intelligence and counterintelligent bodies of the enemy, as well as the search and liquidation of its sabotage groups. The tasks of Chekist-military groups were more complex and responsible compared to RPG, but the CHVG possessed and b? Be more possibilities. Having advanceed to the area of \u200b\u200bthe likely location of the enemy agents, CHVG was intelligence and search for the enemy with the help of local team of assistance, the NKVD and police bodies.
However, the Chekist-military groups did not receive a special development. The main reason was the constant cooperation with the local bodies of the NKVD and the police, whose deeds were a pavement. There was no own agent in the NKVD troops, the team assistance too.
With the onset of the summer of 1942, the NKVD troops conducted a number of large chasing and military operations with a coverage of large territories and with the involvement of significant forces and means for cleaning the terrain from a hostile and criminal element. According to the Unified Plan of the Senior Operational Chief, the area of \u200b\u200bthe likely to find the enemy and gangs by individual ambushes or departures, in which Chekist-military and intelligence and search groups under the guidance of operational employees of intelligence departments of the NKVD parts conducted exploration and search. At the same time, as a rule, the survey of the area was carried out by RPG and CHVG according to the divergent directions from the Unified Point.
However, the scope of such operations did not always correspond to the results, primarily due to the fact that the actions to search for sabotage groups of the enemy, BDDGroups were carried out by purely military methods, without significant intelligence data.
An example is to operate the operation on the order of the NKVD troops on the protection of the rear of the central front. On June 26, 1942, for the search and elimination of the parachute landing of an unknown number from parts of the NKVD, located within a radius of 50-70 km from the expected landing site, 28 reconnaissance groups with a number of 10 to 40 people were involved, one Chekist-military group in composition 35 Man, one fighter battalion, up to 100 members of the Promotion Brigades, 150 activists from the villagers were exhibited three control and verification points under the guidance of intelligence commanders. RPG led to the search, arranged an ambush on the likely ways of the enemy's movement, a thorough check of documents was carried out on the checkp. The content of the operational situation was notified by the UNKVD of the Oryol and Kursk regions. The operation lasted a few days, but everything was in vain. As it turned out, only one parachute was thrown from the plane.
In July 1942, the NKVD troops conducted a number of cheekist and military operations in the Caucasus to eliminate various gods. To perform operational combat tasks, special detachments or operational groups were formed in each particular case. The need for the creation of the formations of special purpose of the locality, the difficulties of communication and the provision of all the necessary personnel, the lack of in most cases of agenic relations and data on BANDGroups and gangsters.
The operational group is the same reconnaissance and search group in the amount of 20-25 fighters and commanders from the parts of the NKVD troops, but reinforced by one or two and more authorized from the local NKVD bodies.
Special detachments did not have a certain number of personnel and structure. They were formed depending on the objectives and conditions of solving an operational combat. Thus, the Order of the Commander of the 58th Army of September 11, 1942, on the basis of an order of the NKVD of the USSR, a detachment was created by a detailed number of 600 people from the composition of the 237th and 268th rifle regiments of the Makhachkala rifle division of the NKVD. A few later from the composition of the 268th and 284th regiments was created another detachment of 450 people.
On September 21, 1942, on the basis of the order of the head of the NKVD troops, the rear of the Northern Group of Troops of the Transcaucasian Front in the rear of the 1st division of the police was formed a detachment, which included 510 people from parts of the NKVD, 263 from the 1st division of the police, 125 from Units of the Red Army, 40 from the local bodies of the NKVD and 80 from the fighter detachments.
Operational groups were sent in separate areas to the area of \u200b\u200bthe intended location of the gang or to the place of committing a criminal group of unlawful or hostile shares. Commissioners through their connections figured out the location or direction of gang care. In accordance with the received data, the operational group led a search or prosecution. After the discovery of the bandits, the personnel rushed their actions to fire, carried out coverage and destruction. In the case of sudden actions, operational groups achieved success. Thus, the operational group consisting of 20 people in Aulah Hushtodag and Holdan at the end of June 1942 eliminated two gangs with a total number of 30 bandits. Operations were successful in other aulah.
However, such operations of operational and intelligence and search groups were durable in time and often unsuccessfully ended. There were no special success of the operation of special detachments from the units of the NKVD troops, the Red Army and Fighters.
The reason for failures in all cases was the same. The personal composition of the parts of the NKVD, which turned out to be in the Caucasus, did not at all have experienced operational combat operations in mountain conditions. For operations, conductors were invariably required, which were not always reliable. But the main disadvantage at the beginning of the activities of the NKVD troops was the lack of brigades of assistance and agent connections. Performing operational combat tasks only by military methods, the personnel of the troops could not count on success. At the same time, the gangs in their composition had people from among the local residents who knew the paths and trails in the mountains living in Aulah relatives and proxies, which were in a timely manner informed gangs about the movements of the units of the NKVD troops and the activities carried out. The activities of the authorized local bodies of the NKVD in environmental intelligence issues did not always turn out to be active, and the information received is reliable. All this allowed the leaders of the BandGroups to successfully maneuver and leave the persecution and clashes. The gangs carried losses in shootouts with the personal composition of the NKVD troops, often broke away from persecution, left trophies in the form of captivated horses, horned cattle, drenched collective farm grain.
Opening the shortcomings of the operational combat activities of the NKVD troops in the Caucasus, the head of the NKVD troops on the protection of the Tar of the Transcaucasian Front, in the order of August 13, 1942, noted that the Chekist intelligence bodies had not yet fully launched their work, could not establish close contacts with local NKVD bodies Therefore, they cannot promptly clear the bonding bonding with local residents, identify ways of their movement and place of shelter. The order set the task to immediately establish communication with the territorial bodies of the NKVD immediately, to develop joint activities to eliminate sabotage and gangster groups, constantly exchange information on the development of the operational situation, on the creation of a team of assistance, establishing agent relations with the local population.
The order was noted, in addition, the shortcomings in the organization and performance of official-combat missions. In particular, the document was focused on omissions in matters of physical and special training of personnel and in the selection of fighters and commanders to perform operational combat missions in the composition of the triggers or other types of outfit. The document also paid attention to the fact that the operational groups, intelligence and search groups, the barriers often fulfill the service and combat missions in the location of their military units and units, while they should be in contact with the local population, to receive the necessary information, and Also seek your behavior of a good attitude towards fighters and commanders of the Red Army.
The activities carried out in the troops of the NKVD to improve the organization of the execution of service and combat missions gave positive results. There were repeatedly cases when individual operational groups in the process of conducting operations were eliminated by gangs, significantly superior in numbers. So, at the end of October 1942, in the Tabasaran district, the operational group consisting of 22 fighters and commanders eliminated ten times greater than the number than the og, the detachment of bandits. At the same time, two tens of bandits were destroyed and 215 captured.
Special detachments began to operate more successfully in the process of performing operational combat missions to eliminate large gangs. Having operational data on the area of \u200b\u200bfinding the enemy and reliable conductors, the detachments blocked outputs from its territory, then the search and destruction. As a result of one such operation on October 10, 1942, a detachment of bandits with a number of up to 1,000 people was defeated in the Mekkktinsky and Agishtian Mountains area. At the same time, 247 gangsters were taken captive, repeatedly and transferred to the population over thousands of cattle heads.
In the process of performing operational combat missions, the NKVD troops are widespread use of service-search dogs, especially in the Caucasus area. Here, in the fall of 1942, in a number of areas affected by banditry, with the help of four-legged assistants, over 20% of persons shelled in secluded places from the total number of hostile and criminal element identified by search and reconnaissance groups were found.
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Group №112 "Locomotive Machine (Electrovoza)"
Lesson "
Types of military activities. Features of military service »Type of lesson:
Combined lesson.The purpose of the lesson:
To reveal the structure of military activities, appointment and essence. The quality and strength of knowledge on the main topics of the material studied.Tasks:
Training:
Formation of ideas about the types of military activities;
Consolidation of knowledge about the peculiarities of military service.
Developing:
Development of the ability to compare, analyze, conclude;
Development of imagination.
Educational:
Education of the security culture;
Education of the culture of communication.
Wood:
-
Personal: show interest and imagination in the lesson-
Cognitive : adoption and understanding of the scientist of the problem;Ability to classify objects by their essential features;
Skill structuring material;
-
Communicative: Processing of primary information into the scheme, the ability to use adequate speech tools to build their own statementRegulatory
: phased reflexion of the thought process;assessing your actions in the lesson.
Equipment:
Computer, projector, computer speakers.During the classes.
Organizing time.
Greeting. Check availability to the lesson.
Actualization of knowledge. Goal.
Military service is a special type of federal public service, executed by citizens in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as in other troops and military formations. Military service is the most active form of the sale of debt and duties of each citizen to protect the Fatherland.
The activities of the military personnel are primarily due to its belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. And therefore, all of its activities should be aimed at ensuring those functions and tasks for which the armed forces are created. Here are these activities with you and consider. In addition, we have today's last lesson in this academic yearAnd we must repeat the previously studied themes. Let's try to formulate the goal of our lesson.
Student responses.
Summary of the lesson (on the slide).
Studying a new material.
You can highlight three main elements of the service person's activities, now we will look at:
Training
Educational training is aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of parts and units.
Educational and combat training is intended to provide a high military professional level of personnel of parts and units. It is carried out continuously both in peaceful and wartime.
Educational training has a number of features:
(write the main one)Wears a collective orientation (during classes at the same time, individual servicemen and training of military units for joint actions are trained;
Practical training (aimed at mastering weapons and machinery and skillful use of them in battle).
The highest form of training is the exercises that work out methods for using weapons and military equipment in battle, combat venewives of divisions and ensuring combat operations. The exercises are held in any weather, in real areas, with complete weapons and technology, in the situation approximate to combat.
(video editing)
Service-fighting.
Aims to ensure high level of combat readiness of units and parts, i.e. The ability of troops in any conditions of the situation to start hostilities on time. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should provide a quick transition of troops to martial law and organizational entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately fulfill the combat missions.
Includes: combat duty, guard and internal service
. (Write)Combat duty is the stay of specially allocated forces and funds in full combat readiness for the fulfillment of suddenly emerging tasks or conducting hostilities.
Kasual service is intended for reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities, military equipment, other material means. Carrying the guard service is the performance of a combat.
Internal service is everyday service activities in military units and divisions. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the charter of the internal service and is intended to be maintained in the military unit of internal order and military discipline.
(video editing)
Real fighting.
This is the type of military activity, for which the armed forces are created and their educational and combat activities are being carried out. Real fighting is military activities carried out directly in the conditions of combat and aimed at defeating the enemy.
The strongest impact on a person in battle is dangerous, which is perceived as a threat to life. Therefore, a special place during the battle is played by the ability of a person to manage its feelings, emotions and states, the ability to control their behavior and activities.
The main principle is the defeat of the enemy.
(write)(video editing)
Performance of duties to military personnel is a specific
the area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity that is wide and multifaceted and
requires a young man before entering military service
meaningful and weighted approach to assessing its capabilities and organization of their preparation for military service, taking into account the requirements for
spiritual qualities, to the level of education and physical qualities.
Fastening the knowledge gained.
So, we reviewed the main activities of military personnel, and now will consolidate your new knowledge and knowledge on past topics.
You have a scheme for the tables - the first is the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
You need to fill these schemes. (For each question, give 1 minute, immediately check) the application.
Types of Sun: SV, NMF, Air Force.
Rhoda of troops: Airborne Forces, RVSN, KV.
3
. Next scheme - military duty, list the main components of military duty:Military accounting
Mandatory preparation for military service
Conscription
Passage of military service
Stay in stock
Passage of military fees in stock
4.
Next - species military form Clothes:Paradinary
Field
Daily
5.
Next - who carries out the general and direct leadership of the Sun:General - Supreme Commander (Putin V. V.)
Direct - Minister of Defense (Shoigu S. K.)
6.
Care of age in Russia - 18-27 years7.
Describe the category of fitness to military service:A - comes to military service; (Call)
B - comes to military service with minor restrictions; (Call)
B is limited to military service; (Exemption from call: The conscript is credited to the stock of the sun and it is issued a military ID)
M - temporarily not suitable for military service; (delay from calling by 6-12 months.)
D - not suitable for military service. (Exemption from military duty: a military ID is issued to the conscript)
8.
educational and combat training
service and combat activities and
real fighting.
The outcome of the lesson.
So guys, today we reviewed the activities of the serviceman, and also repeated the previously studied topics on the basics of military service.
I would like to celebrate good estimates of the following students ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
for the right and rapid answers to questions.
Reflection.
In conclusion, I propose to make you synquins that in the foremost means "5 lines". In these 5 lines, we must write down the most important thing on our topic.
1 line is one noun expressing the main topic of the Cainkwena.
2 Row - two adjectives expressing the main thought.
3 Row - three verbs describing actions within the topic.
4 Row - phrase, carrying a certain meaning.
5 Row - conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).
Homework.
Prepare a message on the topic " Modern armament Russia "
Thank you for the lesson. Peaceful sky over your head!
Types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Kind of troops
Dress:
When making a military oath, under the presentation of the military unit of a battle banner; When appointing an honorary guard; On the days of annual holidays of the military unit; when serving sent clocks on the protection of a combat banner;
On the teachings, maneuvers, combat duty and in classroom training centers;
In all other cases.
Management of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
General - _____________________________ Surname ______________
Direct - ______________________ Surname ____________
Certain age in Russia from _____ to _____ years
7. Describe the category of fitness to military service:
A - ___________________________________ (Show Call)
B - __________________________________________________ (show)
In - ___________________________________ (exemption from call: The conscript is credited to the stock of the sun and it is issued a military ID)
G - ______________________________________ (delay from calling by 6-12 months.)
D - _______________________________ (liberation from military duty: a military ID is issued to the conscript)
List the main activities of the serviceman:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
