Moksha River at different times of the year. Moksha River and its role in our fate

Among 250 thousand russian rivers, River and river, Moksha - one of those with whom I want to get acquainted closer. The mysteriously current afar, looping through the filler meadows and thickets of the slotage, having every new radiation, it has always attracted people sitting on her shores.

In the nearby past, the river was drove horses in the night, went with buckets for clean water, mowed the juicy herbs, and the evenings of the river were going to sing good Russian songs.

Moksha begins far from the village of Kat, in the Penza region, and carries its waters as many as 656 kilometers before his signs in the Pitelian district of Pyatnitsky Yar in Oka, together with which Mokshanskaya Voditsa falls into Mother Volga.

It is located on an adhesive place near the village of Elizabetho, a little higher than the town of Mokshan. Rodnik beats directly from the Buggra and the stream is formed. The observation gazebo is arranged here, and the sculpture of the ancient pagan goddess by name is installed nearby. She was worshiped by forest tribes who lived in these places a thousand years ago, considered the silence of fertility to mock. It turns out, the name of the Moksha River reached us from deep antiquity.

The past centuries left legendary traces on steep sandy shores. In the XIII-XVII centuries, Mokshe grew up the city of Fortress: Mokshan, Troitsk, Red Sloboda (now Krasnoslobodsk), Dathers. All of them are younger kadoma and are outside the Kadomsky district. Chronicles mention that "... Don and Oka River, Tsna and Moksha ... were the only comfortable ways for which rare and brave travelers followed". It could be crisp-zerproker or trading people, royal archers or robbers atamans.

The Kadamskaya Party was part of the Ryazan Principality, he was his support in the east. Ryazan princes kept their governors here, organized the interpretations - fortified settlements. In the die cast line included a kat and chamber. Both stand on Mochsha. More precisely, Moksha - two kadoma. The first city of Archaeologists consider the ancient settlement by 8 kilometers upstream than the current district center. The village of Old Cado is noteworthy many: and close to him archaeological monuments, and a miracle who survived the chamber of St. Trinity, and in 1992, from the bottom of Moksha, just opposite the village, fishermen got an unusual bone fragment - turned out to be a fragment of the jaw mammoth. It can be seen in the Kadovsky Historical People's Museum.

At the end of August, Moksha is sleeping blackberries, especially a lot of it is gaining it near the old kadoma. And the Izstari River gave the local residents to local residents: weaving from the slotie, in which there is no shortage on river banks. In each village could weave the basket (wallet) for their farm. In the old caadon, the spill especially skillfully and in large quantities - for sale. Because they gave the Starokaden men nickname "Wallet"And it lives to this day. And the products of the spill are very different: from small lukashk to huge baskets, called coolen, comfortable cats for sleds and swing for kids. Mastery has not yet disappeared. At the Kadomsky craftsmen, you can buy a basket for mushrooms, and the craft will learn.

With the spring, Moksha spreads wide, showing its indomitable temper. The tradition was preserved that at the beginning of the XVIII century, a whole street with a church disappeared into one rapid night in her waves. Over the past hundred years, the strongest floods happened in 1926, 1963, 1994, 2001, 2012. A lot of curious stories are connected with spills in the caadon, for example, the soma, as if he had a flooded hut in the stove:

Low city ..,
And higher
Strange people did not settle down.
In the flood, already on the roof
He poured over here.
Rumor went in our people
That once the case was:
To the grandmother to the stove in the flood
Hefty Som swims.
Only kicked the drup
Grandma put there,
And from there on old woman
Us murmured food!
It was with a bakkoy?
Who knows...
To her - ear, descendant kvass:
And Donyn called
All doubts us.

These lines from the poem Alexander Verkhotyrov explain the tagged nickname, which gave the people to the residents of Kadoma.

Yes, knows Moksha to present "Surprises". However, Kádomchani did not take offense at her, because the river was a crumine in all respects: gave food and food, and work, and income. Once on it, the forest was fused and the Kadom men were considered skillful plotogon. Bold in despair, walking on logs with long barrams, they are in the restless hollow water of rafts in Moksha, Oka, Volga. No delay went on the sale of the Forest - "Horoman and wood".

In addition to the rafts, they walked along the Barja River: taken to Nizhny Novgorod and honey, and bread, which the edge gave a lot.

Moksha gave name Barge - Mokshanka, the design of which is designed on the local shipyard. It was intended for the carriage of bulk grocery goods: grains, flour - and the deck of such a barge was covered. This Mokshanka was different from Gusyana open type - Barges from the river goose under Casimov.

In 1895, the shipping company opened in Moksha. On the ship "ELITMA" It was possible to get to Ryazan and Nizhny Novgorod. In the 50s. Became a passenger boat, and later - a high-speed class "Rocket".

But the barges in the katoma built a long time and after the war, hundreds of three carpenters worked on the shipyard.

Spring in big water Behind the built barges came from the window steamers. In the evening, lights were lit on them, the music played, and Komdaryan went to walk to the river, admire this spectacle. Even small strokes everyday lifeRelated to the river was attached to the uniqueness: the divorce of the old bridge for the aisle of the barge, the beep of shipyard, hearing for 10-12 kilometers. On it, it was possible to check the clock. Now there is no beep, but it's beautiful and solemnly floating now over the mock ringing bells. By the way, in the old days, even at Easter, the bell ringing was forbidden if the bream was spawned. With such a careful attitude towards wildlife, fish in Moksha was abundant. It was caught according to the laws of nature, thinking not only about themselves, but also about descendants. To this day, it is caught in the local places of bream and sterlet, horse, pike, come across a dump. Recently, the fight against poaching, it means that there is hope that Moksha's fish stocks do not run out.

Time runs, leisurely river. Remembers the former, sees a new one. Here is a handsome bridge, the cherished dream of the villagers. It was opened in 1995

Leaving the Kadom Hills for the next turn, Moksha already meets his small inflow - Vad. The location of this non-screens, winding river is called an arrow (). Here they love to relax the Komdaryan and visit the holidays.

The expanded waterway is calling forward, to the picturesque villages of the left bank. The name of the village of Smem has nothing to do with black. On the contrary, in ancient Russian language "Cherm", that is, beautiful. So distant ancestors in the name of the settlement celebrated the painting of meadow expanses and mighty walls coniferous forestLooked in Moksha from the high shore.

Immediately behind the Chermerist bridge, unusually beautiful places begin. In the village of Petroslobodka, the young pine forest approaches close to the sandy cliff, under which the fish glasses are visible in clean water. Direct, like an arrow, the river merges away with the horizon. The view from the elevation is opening such that the eye will not tear off. The nature itself created this thoroughly to become a holiday destination for fans of silence and forest air.

In the lower reaches of Moksha, too, a lot of interesting things. The village of Kotelino, founded more than 400 years ago, was famous for its bread pier.

When merging Moksha with the largest inflow - a valuable - the village of Usti is located. This is the homeland of Alexander Titanova, who repeated the feat of Matrosov during the war years. One of the streets of Kadoma is the name of the hero.

The archaeological monument of the XI-XIII centuries is located on the high right bank between the Gladykov and Tegenev. This is the peer of the kadoma. The settlement was supposedly called the name Stone grave or cats.

After a few tens of kilometers, Moksha flows into the majestic OKU and continues the path further. Together with her, the life of the Kadomsky region, the life of the people, already inseparable from this river continues.

E.F. Mikhailin
2005

Ministry of Education of the Republic of Mordovia

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Tengushevskaya Secondary School"

Regional stage of the Russian National Contest Water Projects

WORK THEME:

« River Moksha and its role in our fate "

(Nomination "Protection and Restoration water resources in the Volga River Pool ")

Performed: Tugushev Vladislav,

Kolyaev Alexander

graduate students

MBOU "Tengushevskaya SOSH"

Leader: Hlebin Olga Vasilyevna

teacher geography MBOU "Tengushevskaya SOSH"

Republic of Mordovia - 2014

annotation

Research work on the "Moksha River and its role in our fate" (nomination "Protection and restoration of water resources in the Volga River Basin") contains 7 pages of machine-printing text and an application that includes a map, 2 photos and a link to the video.

Relevance of the topic. Much of the population Russian Federation Lives on small rivers, which form medium and large rivers. The unsatisfactory state of small rivers, especially the quality of the water in them, is a growing concern among specialists and the public. It is increasingly aware that the preservation of small rivers would mean the decision of one of the most important aspects of protecting the environment.

purpose of work - The study of water resources of his "small homeland" of the village of Tengushev - River Moksha. On the basis of data on the study of erosion-accumulative processes in the territory of Mordovia, determine the state of erosion processes in the Moksha River valley and the environmental situation in this area.

To achieve his goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Determine modern condition Problems, indicate methods and approaches to study erosion processes.
2. Set common laws development and manifestations of erosion processes.
3. Take the environmental estimation of these processes.

Research methodology:

• search for information on this issue in literary sources,
• local history studies, conversations with old-timers.

Study of the river on the ground

		p
	Introduction
	Description of the Moksha River
	Regional studies
	Hydrological research
2.2.1	Source, flow direction, mouth
2.2.2.	Dimensions of the river
2.2.3.	River meals and mode
2.2.4.	The composition of water
2.2.5.	Fauna and Faun Moksha
	Economic use of the river
	Sources of pollution of the river
	activity on the protection of the aquatic environment
	Conclusion
	Literature
	application

one . Introduction

The current river is life itself.

P. Semenov-Tien Shan

Now the question of the revival and preservation of the spiritual and cultural values \u200b\u200bof the people is ever sharply. This question arose, primarily from the sense of patriotism, love for the household house, to his region, the need to explore and preserve our ancestors, and the regional studies helps us. Regional science is the study of its "small" homeland, its nature, ethnography, material and spiritual culture, life. And this is not only the subject of school education, but each self-respecting person should know about the events that took place on his land. The proverb "The world you will not know, not knowing the edges of your" close and understandable to me because I study my small homeland.

If you look at the map of the world, then we will see on it a lot of blue threads covering the ground with a complex pattern. These are the rivers of our planet, the life of its artery, according to which the water is moving.

Through mountains, plains, forests carry their waters. Some rivers - mighty and full-flowered, others - modest and invisible.

Our republic has 455 rivers and rivers, a total length of 6,300 kilometers.

2. Description of the River Moksha

2.1. Regional studies

Hydonim "Moksha" is mentioned from the 14th century due to one of the Golden Town Becks, who owned the Mokhi on this river. It is believed that the Moksha Hydonim is egoologically connected to the ancient-Perm word Mos - "key, source". The chronicles mention that "... Oka, CNA and Moksha ... were the only comfortable ways for which rare and brave travelers followed." It could be crisp-zerproker or trading people, royal archers or robbers atamans.

Old-timers of the village assume that the name of the river was given by the name of the ancient pagan goddess by name Mokosh. At the source of the river is an observation gazebo, and the sculpture is installed nearby (Appendix 1). She was worshiped by forest tribes who lived in these places a thousand years ago, considered the silence of fertility to mock. The name is left by the ancient Indo-European population of the floards, who spoke in a language close to the Baltic.

Hydonim comparable to the Indo-European Base of Teksha, meaning "Safety, Rocking". Suggest that in the language of Indo-European Aboriginesmoksha meaning "Flow, flow, river" and as a term was part of a row of hydronos (the River Shirmoksha, Mamoksha et al.).

2.2. Hydrological research

2.2.1. Source, flow direction, mouth

Moksha River proceeds through the territory of Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Ryazan regions and the Republic of Mordovia.

The source of Moksha is located on a shameless place near the village of Elizabethino, a little higher than the town of Mokshan (Penza region). Rodnik beats directly from the Buggra and the stream is formed. Geographic coordinates of the source of the River Moksha -53 ° 19'12.6 "p. sh. 44 ° 31'13.1 "in. d.

Within the Republic of Mordovia, the Moksha River flows from the south to the north, and then turns to the west.

Moksha is the right influx of the Oka River,to which she flows at Pyatnitsky Yar, just below the city of Kasimov of the Ryazan region. Geographic coordinates of the mouth of the River Moksha - 54 ° 44'37 "s. sh. 41 ° 52'42 "in. D..

2.2.2. Dimensions of the river

The total length of the Moksha River is more than 656 kilometers, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe waterboat pool is about 51 thousand square meters. km. This is the most large river Tengushevsky district, its length in the district is 58 km. (Appendix 2). The average width in the upper course of up to 5 meters, at the village of Kochelaevo Kovyknsky district - up to 30 meters, at the village of Tengushev, the river width is 40 meters, and Krasnoslobodsk river expands to 85 meters. In the lower flow of the river is poured to 150 meters. The village of Kochelayevo, the right bank of the Moksha River is high, and the left is the sandy plain. In the lower bank of the shore.

2.2.3. River meals and mode

The channel often loops, a large number of old men. River Moksha is shipping from the village of Kad (Ryazan region). At the formation of a hydrological network of most of the Republic of Mordovia, the Don glaciation was influenced, after which the rivers began to crash into water-glacial sediments.

For the Mokshi River, a small drop and a relatively slow flow (0.1-0.4 m / s) is characterized. The width of the channel and the river valley increases downstream, but this pattern in individual sites is violated by local characteristics (tectonic structures, lithological formations, etc.).

Moksha River has mixed nutrition: snow 60-90% prevails, underground 7-20%, the magnitude of the rain-autumn-autumn 7-20%, the value of the rated summer-autumn flood flow 5-10%. The water supply area is largely affected by water consumption.

By the nature of the in-time distribution of the drain of the Moksha River belongs to the Eastern European type, which is distinguished by high spring floors, low summer and winter interety, increased runoff in the autumn period. The flood begins at the end of March early April, the maximum reaches in mid-April, it falls as mid-May. The lifting lasts 10-12 days, the decline is 20-25 days. (Appendix 3)

During the early or late spring, the flood phase is shifted to 1-2 decades. On average, for a long-term period, the snow stock is 87-99%, rain - up to 3%, underground - 1-10%.

Ice phenomena begin with the formation of the boots and occur on average in the first half of November. The freezing of the river occurs at the end of November and the first decade of December. Stable ice cover is 4-5 months. The thickness of the ice reaches 85 cm, and in the harsh winters -115 cm.

2.2.4. The composition of water

The water in the river is very transparent, the transparency of the water across the sequel area in the village of Tengushev is 70 cm, the color of water is bluish-green, with an increase in turbidity takes a yellowish-brown tint, the taste is pleasant, there is no smell. The chemical composition of the water bicarbonnalocalcium. Water has a weakly acidic or neutral reaction, the pH ranges from 7.2 to 8.4. Universal paper used to determine the pH.

To determine hardness to 50 ml of water, 3 ml of ammonia buffer was added, the chromogen-chromium droplets and titled with a trilon solution B to the transition of the red-purple color on the blue-purple. (Appendix 4)

2.2.5. Fauna and Faun Moksha

Many red ants, the varieties of grasshoppers, fly midges, mosquitoes. Over the river, charging seagulls, proving that the river is connected with the Volga. From fish in water, a crucian, pike, roach, perch, hero, pike perch, soma.

Coastal vegetation on both shores is mostly the same, on the left bank there are flavored Willow, blackberry. From herbaceous plants, basically growing wild cereals. There are plantain, dandelion, wormwood, pyrhem, whiskers, mouse peas. On the surface of the slopes there are shrub plants: sweet isastful. Closer to the river grow: bearded, rosehip, thundranter. A lot of cleanliness, plantain, nettle, european cooled, sage and

other plants. But water vegetation in different places is sharply different. Rogoz is growing, but it is not enough. Rare thickets grows reed.

2.3. Economic use of the river

Local residents use water for household needs, irrigation of vegetable vegetable garden. Fishing (both summer and winter fishing) is one of the favorite classes of residents and guests of the village of Tengushevo.

The meadow vegetation on the banks of the Moksha River is used under the hayflowers, grazing. Currently, individual sections of the coastal strip of the Moksha River are plated. Locals are grown in the float of the river potatoes.

2.4. Sources of pollution of the river

The problem of pollution of water bodies of agricultural activities without compliance with the requirements of the environmental safety of work on making mineral fertilizers and keriformicates, as well as a practically ubiquitous violation of the rules of storage of chemistry and organics, discharge of waste water of the livestock complexes in the absence or ineffective work of wastewatering facilities, placement In water protection zones of livestock.

A huge number of such hazardous pollutants as pesticides, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., washed off from agricultural areas, including areas occupied by livestock complexes.

The water of the Moksha River is most polluted with copper, manganese, iron, nitrite nitrite.

Special alarm is caused by the problem of riverlading. The decreement of the river leads to an increase in the level of groundwater and the wiping of the floodplain becomes unsuitable for any use.

The likelihood of flooding in the period of spring flood or a strong rain flood of arable land increases.

Unfortunately, the banks of the river are severely polluted by household garbage: plastic bottles, glass, weeds from gardens, waste from harvesting are thrown.

2.5 Events on the protection of the aquatic environment

In order to protect and rational use of water resources, it is necessary:

- creation of coastal protective strips water objects (in accordance with the requirements of the Water Code of the Russian Federation (Article 65);

- preventing wastewater discharges containing radioactive substances, pesticides, chemicals and other human health substances and compounds exceeding the standards of permissible impact on water bodies;

- establishment of water object recreation areas;

- clearing of river rivers and reservoirs and coastal areas from garbage and trash, carrying out bererectic works;

3. Conclusion

When studying the state of the Moksha River, we came to the following conclusions:

It is wonderful that such an amazing river flows in our village,

The ecological situation of the river has developed unfavorable,

It is necessary to treat the river in business, you can not arrange landfills of garbage on the shore,

Cleaning the coastal zone and beds from garbage.

It is necessary to ban the washing of vehicles in close proximity to the river.

In the course of research, we collected and destroyed garbage on the banks of the river. We recommend installing urns for garbage in places of mass recreation of people in the summer season.

4. Literature

1. N.A. Maxims practical work on geography. Enlightenment .991.

2. A. Murunov. River world. Children's literature. Leningrad. 1968.

Z. S. Popova Educational and informative trail.

4. V.N. Presnyakov. Geography of the Republic of Mordovia. Saransk. Mordovian book publishing house. 2005.

5 VI Sirotin. Independent and practical work on geography. Moscow. Education. 1991.

6. A. A. Yamashkin. V. V. Ruhenkov, A. A. Yamashkin Geography of the Republic of Mordovia. Saransk. Publishing house Mordovia University. 2004.

7.Http: //www.geografia.ru/mordovia.html.

8. http://temnikovrm.ru/security_nature.html

9.Http: //www.rusnauka.com/14_enxxi_2012/biologia/1_110456.doc.htm

Appendix 1

The source of the river Moksha

Appendix 2.

Geographical position of the River Moksha

Appendix 3.

Forewide on the Moksha River.

Peak flood on the river Moksha in 2012

Appendix 4.

Determination of water hardness by experienced

Moksha (Moksh. Moksha or Yov) is a large river in Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan regions and Mordovia, the right influx of Oka, flows into Oku in Pyatnitsky Yar, below the city of Kasimov. Length - 656 km, pool area - 51 thousand km². In the 1950s, in the middle of the river, several hydrouds were built with HPP, but without shipping gateways. In 1955, 2 km below the mouth of the river. The cities on the Moksha River are built by the Summary Hydrogen with HPP and a wooden shipping gateway. Shipping on the river was carried out until the mid-1990s.

The mouth of the river Tsna River Moksha

Ripos River Moksha, Penza region

Troubles: Right - Sivin, Satis, Yermich; Left - Vad, Tsna. Cities: Dathers, Krasnoslobodsk.

On r. Moksha is Christmas-Virgin Sanaksarsky Monastery. River Moksha
The origin of the title name was left by the ancient Indo-European population of the eaidis, who spoke in a language close to the Baltic. Hyronim is comparable to the Indo-European basis of Meksha, which meant "spilling, targeting". It is assumed that in the language of Indo-European Aboriginal Moksha meant "flow, flow, river" and as a term was part of a row of hydronism (River Shirmoksha, Mamoksha et al.).

The source of the river Moksha

My river Moksha is called, I saw her little source. And the Motherland starts from here, like this leaflet adopted to the water ...

(Pavel Vasin Student Elizavtian school, Penza region)

Members of the driving fields, not far from the city of Mokshan, which in the Penza region, originates the Moksha River. She flows over the lands of Mordovia in a full-growing beauty, rushing to connect on Ryazanchin with the river Oka. The source of Moksha, hiddening among thoughtful Yves, is touchingly marked by a memorable stele - a Mordovian girl leaned toward the spring, gaining transparent water in a jug. Near the source is a small pond, on the shore of which you can comfortably sit with friends.

In this remarkable place, as if really noted by a special blessing of nature, there are exits of a healing blue clay, which local residents have long been using for therapeutic purposes. For a moment, leaving the bustle of everyday life, I want to sit down in a comfortable gazebo and under the murder of a born river to think about the eternal - about native land, her beauty and inexhaustible wealth.

Alloy route on the River Moksha (Atmis-Moksha)

Moksha is the right influx of Oka, a typical plain river of the middle strip of Russia, available to novice tourists. Before the village of Kochelayevo right bank-exalted, left-omnounted and sandy. Below almost everywhere the shores, rising above the level of inter-water waters by 3-5 m. The width of the river in the upper agent comes to 5 m, at the coaching, up to 30 m, in Krasnoslobodsk, up to 85 m, and in the lower-150 m. Winding, mass of old people.

Moksha shipping from the kadoma. The best travel time is June-August. The length of the route sections: the mouth of the atmis-co-volkino-125 km, Kovylkino-Krasnoslobodsk-75 km, Krasnoslobodsk-KAOD-230 km, Kadom-mouth Moksha - 140 km. The most convenient way to Moksu on the Atmis River from the Moscow-Kuibyshev highway (about 25 km).

At the beginning atmosphere flows to the north. After 1 km, the second bridge on the route. Behind him, the river makes a loop and comes to the big village of Atmis, the attraction of which is the School Museum, created by LANT teacher, Moksha back in 1910.
The village of the river is overporn the dam (the calculation with a drop of 2.5-3 m). Immediately for the bridge bridge. Next, the wiring is about 2 km. Bottom or strength. From the summer pasture, the depth of the river increases to 1-1.5 m. Routed with reeds. Between the villages of Atmis and the new five-piano river approaches the right bank, the slightly low trees and falling to the water with a 25-30-meter ledge. It is necessary to think about the prival, for the next small forest is located behind a new five.

Below the imposition of Atmis Moksha flows in a wide valley. And although on the high right bank, the forest is shine away throughout, on the first 4 km of Moksha approached the river close to the river only overgrown, and cannopsy crops. The deciduous forest is suitable for water 200 m only before the mouth of the Lomovka River. Above this forest on Moksha is the first on the path of the mill's dam (terminal on the left). For the dam of the wiring 500 m. Nursing the old row rolled down, the water flows through the duct leaving left. Caming thickets narrow the channel to 10 m, and sometimes up to 3 m. The flow rate is about 1 m / s.

In narrow places are rocked, the bottom of which is often dinner with sharp stones. Soon after a large Kirdyashev, a forest for 500 m on the right comes close to the shore. Here is a comfortable parking space. On the left bank meadow. To the right behind the forest is a wide deaf creek, and the river sharply turns to the left. After another 500 m, the channel splits. It is better to go on the right sleeve, about 5 m wide and a depth of 1 m. Before Vilya, the path blocks a low bridge (Obnoman). Behind the village Moksha loops on the reeds, then narrowing up to 3 m, then I spread out the relatively wide stroke. A sharp turn to the east, and the water foams with raubunas on a roll. The bottom is solid, clay. Before passing, it is necessary to explore the rolls from the shore. Again the bridge and again the reasons. The second rustling roll (about 50 m long, the depth of water is 20 cm, the bottom is cut with braids from solid clay) is located behind the bridge at the village of Cavendra.

In 5-7 km behind Muoka Cavendrian on the right bank of Moksha, the ensemble of the former Trinity-Scanning Monastery, built in the last quarter of the XVIII century. According to the project architect-nugget Korpilia. In 2 km of the Eastern Monastery, the remains of the caves of karst origin, in-depth monks (the length of the moves reached 3 km). Currently, the vaults in several places are collapsed and the caves are passable only partially. 6 km from the monastery stands the village will vocate. In the XIV century Here was the capital of the "Distortian Horde", destroyed in 1395 by the Horde of Timur. The name-Motherland of the writer A. I. Kurin. There is a local history museum. On November 7, 1918, Bust V. Lenin was installed in the village of Lenin's work of an unknown author, and in 1920-bust of Karl Marx, made from reinforced concrete sculptor fuoktist, one of the first in the country. In the vicinity of the village, in the valley of Moksha, the remains of the parking lot of a primitive person.

From the scanning of the monastery begins the picturesque section of Moksha. The river cuts the forest array. The bottom is sandy. Many chalks. Sugges and old piles come across. Before the casaic, the forest is broken, and the floodplain meadows are drawn again, in some places smashemia. The forest comes up to the river against the Red Yar, located 5 km southeast of the Kovylkino station (Ryazan-Ruzaevka line). In the village of Kochelayevo, you can get acquainted with the museum of the Mordovian artist F. V. Sychekov. Below Kochelaevo, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe intersection of Moksha Railway, the River Issa falls on the right in Moksha (from the mouth of Atmis 100 km).

Having reopening the carcino loop, Moksha continues the path to the north. At the village of Troitsk, a flood bridge (Roman's right shore). Below is the flood-free car bridge, the passage under which is possible in the interlene. 15 km behind Trinity, Valchanino, -ye-low automobile bridge (cutting on the left). Then the new millet is again a bridge, now on the right.

On the shores of Moksha Mincalese. On the catchment of many old men rich in fish. The course of almost absent - affects the proximity of the dam largest in the Mordovian ASSR HPP in Rybkin (the detachment of the dam on the right bank at its edge). 4 km behind the dam to the river suits the oak forest. A good place for overnight stays also at the mouth of the River Ryabki, not far from the agricultural technical school, located in the estate of the former monastery. Here, the oak grove, then the pine forest. Further to the north goes moksha.

Right bank at a greater distance is low and busy by floodplain meadows. On the left bank within Mordovia there are cliffs with a height of 40-60 m (Rybkino, Krasnoslobodsk, Russian Maskino, Old Maisy).

Further, with the exception of increasing Pubosk, the left bank is flat. The river is calm. The bottom almost everywhere is sandy. Mass of chalks. The river often loops. Many beaches. The width of the channel is 50-100 m, sometimes up to 20 m. The width of the valley is 3-10 km. The depth on the rods reaches 40 cm, but it reaches 4-6 m on the pletons, and in some places 15 m.

Moksha River, Mordovia in Krasnoslobodsk - local history museum, obeliski on the grave of fighters for the creation of Soviet power and sophilate-Krasnoslobodz, who died in the Great Patriotic Ware. Below is Krasnoslobodsk The best place for the camp is located in an oak grove on the right bank, near the mouth of Sivin's influx. Below the forest retreats from the river and on the shores there are only zaroshi zirosha.

Large Mordovian needs to be folded to the right, because it leaves the creek. Below to the right in Moksha, the Urcat River (275 km from the mouth of Moksha) flows. Soon, a forest appears on the right bank, which stretches to Zhegalov, then coming to the shore, then retreating from him. Then the Kondrovsky Factory Moksha flows in the valley busy by floodborn meadows. In factory dam (Obnoz 200 m).

Near the dam linden grove. Below the dam is again meadows. The forest will meet on the left bank, not reaching 5 km to Temnikov. Dathers and its surroundings are rich in excursion facilities. Acquaintance with the city is better to start with a visit to the Museum.

River Moksha, city of the dark

In 1670, during the period of the peasant war under the leadership of Stepan, Razin on the Square of Temnikov was burned by the Razin of Staritsa Alena Arzamassky-Temnikov. In 3 km eastern cities - the remains of the Ilyakov settlement. Not far from Temnikov is also a deep failed lake of Endovishche, and at 9 km-central manor and the Mordovian Reserve Museum. In 3 km below Moksha in the former Sanaksar monastery of the grave of the Russian Flotovodz F. F. Ushakov.

Below the Moksha monastery flows in mixed forests that are in the outskirts of the Mordovian reserve and stretching 10 km beyond. Then, on the shores, the meadows again. Good parking can be chosen in the forest before the mouth of the Yuzg River and near the village of Zaulki. Soon, on both shores, the structure of the kadoma is shown - the village of urban type. From the kadoma there are buses to Sasovo station (62 km), flights planes to Ryazan. The attraction of the village of Hills - Kadom Mountains. There is a legend that they are bulk and that between them on different shores of Moksha used to exist with an underground course of about 3 km.

River Moksha in the Nizhny Novgorod region

In 54 km below the Kadoma in Moksha left the Vad River. Hence the mouth of Moksha is 98 km. 1.5-2 km below the mouth of Wada Lipovo-Oak Forest. Next, the transfer is drawn along the right bank to Katelino. From Katelino River flows through meadow flood. On the Tsnight, which flows into Moksha to the left, you can walk to Sasovo station (about 20 km). Below in charge of the Tsna, the Summary HPP. Comerate more conveniently by the gateway.

After the hydropower station, a meadow with shrubs goes. The forest approaches the river on the right opposite Yuryevo. Very picturesque places in the village of Azeevo, where Moksha is flowing about 5 km through deciduous forests. There are many beautiful old men. After the moksha's sign in Oku, it is better to go down the river about 5 km to the marina. You can also climb to the "Christmas tree" camp (about 20 km), from where the ship is walking to Kasimov. Oka shores in these places wooded.

Article about the Moksha River

Moksha - my river! Moksha takes his source in the Penza region, there is a city of Mokshan, next to him, and there is the same manner, from which the river is subsequently formed. As can be seen on the map above, the main part of the river proceeds precisely according to Mordovia, the left tributaries are VAD and CNA, right (even they are not marked on the map) Ermich, Sivin, Satis. There are two main cities located on Moksha - this is Krasnoslobodsk and Dathers. Also, Moksha proceeds in the Penza, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions, after which he flows into the Oka River, being her right influx.

The length of the river is approximately 650 km, the pool area is about 50 thousand km² on Moksha. At one time, several hydroelectric power plants were built on Moksha, they were all without shipping gateways, only the scattering hydraulic dispersion, built a little later, had his own wooden shipping gateway. Courts went on the river until the mid-1990s. Now Moksha is becoming smaller every year, perhaps, of course, that this process is cyclical, and sometime it will become deeper again, but it is now that shelets. Omuts are tightened with sand, and I see this picture not only on Moksha, but also in other robusts and streams. Take, for example, the first boiling with its deep (sometime) pools. The depth in them was up to ten meters, now the sections are still preserved, where the depth remained the meters of 5-6, but the bulk of the Omuts has already been delayed with sand. And where it used to be deeper than six meters, now we move to the brother on the chest ...

For fishing, this, of course, is not very good, I do not know why this is the process cyclic. The river is changing every year, the shores will overgrow you, new islands appear, the pool becomes small, and so that a new ohwow appeared on the Mel, I have not seen. Recent years in connection with all this turmoil in nature, (then drought, then the flood of I.T.D.) Large spills on Moksha does not occur. The last big spill happened if my memory does not change, in 2001 the absence of large spills affects small lakes, which during this time completely overgrown, and some already dry, especially after the summer of 2010 ... when there is a big spill, water Rims the ice on the lakes and takes it, and together with ice and all the vegetation, which he has freezed. Thus, the lakes were cleaned, and earlier, when it was still so nourished, it happened quite often. In some lakes, it was even possible to swim, and now, as I have already mentioned in some records, there is no place to spit there. By the middle of the summer, one solid wall of algae. In a short time, we will build a new track in a short time, they decided to do it through an unfinished old dam, broke the half there and did at this moment that's what. River Moksha
Fishing on Moksha - this is my main occupation in free time. What kind of fish in Moksha is the most? According to my observations, (on this moment) This is a chub, it comes across always and everywhere. On the float fishing rod, on the Donka, on Spinning, etc. You can also highlight the catfish, because for a long time almost no one caught, this is now reading different literature, and I am including :) All the people rushed to hunt for catfish, and quite recently they caught only units. But the pike last years began to come across in Moksha quite rarely. Perhaps this is due to the networks that in the spring put everything that is not too lazy ...

Water in the river relatively clean, crayfish and shells live quite well. But here, for example, our sewage treatment facilities are merged into the river, they are very close to the river, and a rich brown-yellow stream is constantly flowing from there ... on the shores and on the bottom, there are many black oaks, there are places where the bottom of themselves Represents one big journey of the oaks. Under these oaks, they love to hide cancers and are alike. The transparency of water is usually not the one that would be engaged in the underwater hunt, but if there were not many rains in the fall, it is quite suitable.

Such rivers like Moksha are an excellent gift of fisherman! She is not too big, but at the same time not small, during his fishing experience I walked from Mokus all kinds of fish that we have here. Even a terrible pinch, as it was lucky to catch me, :) By the way, they are full of them in the river.

River Moksha, Kadoma

Memory captured in geographic names (hydrime)

Peculiar geographical names of Mordovia. Moksha, Erzy, Russians, Tatars, Finally, unknown to us ancient tribes created them on the territory of Mezhdrachy Sura, Alatyra and Moksus for many centuries. And therefore it is not surprising that in the toponymic memory of this territory there are several layers reflecting the process of its settlement. The earliest, and at the same time an extremely rare - layer, which is not extentant with the help of modern languages. Here you can attribute geographical names ending on -GA (UZGA - Moksha Ave., Arga - Alatyra Ave., knitga - Moksha Ave.); on -y (pushes - satis); on-shelter (Ksha - Sura.); On-of (Milm - Moksha Ave., Shalma - Sivini Ave.). Toponyms are known with such elements not only in Mordovia. They are widespread on the extensive territory of the Volga-Oksky Meternreach, as well as in the North of the European part of Russia. The next layer is the Baltic, also rare. Several names of rivers. To them, for example, can be attributed to Hydonim Vad - Moksha Ave.. The Baltic heritage is sceded in a number of languages \u200b\u200bof the Finno-Ugric family.

In Latvian, the word WAD, WADA denotes the former river bed, a wet meadow with good grass. The most numerous and in many cases is easily explained by the Mokshansky and Erziang Languages, this is Finno-Ugric, the main Mordovsky. Compared with the Russian layer, it has some distinctive features. One of them is the presence of a registry of distinguishing elements, i.e. A specific group of items, as a rule, is characterized by any word that performs the role of a distinth of a whole series of titles. In such a function of the toponymic registry, the term is most often advocated: MOCS. Lyai, Erz. lei. With this distinctive term in the "language" of the territory there is a huge number of geographical names. They differ sir and typical for Moksha and Erze's stay in the past and now. In most cases, in the names with the component of the Lay / Lee with the value of the "river", the "ravine with water or without water" is the main part of their semantically clear.

It contains various properties of the geographic object, location, value, indication on floral and animal world etc: Upper Pecheli - Tatar village in the Aturevsky district (Pishai - Peshe "Lipa" + Lyi), Nerry - Russian village in the Tarmaznik district (Neri "Erziang" + Lei), Semila - Erzyanskoye in Korkrovsky district ( Semile - Simms "Drink" + Lei). In the Mordovian names, the word Lay / Lei in the time of its appearance is incomparable. It is known that the Finno-Ugrymen knew the word associated with the root of Yo-, ya, which indicated the concept of the river. The word with such a root was preserved in many Finno-Ugric languages, except for Mordovsky and Hungarian (compare: Fin. Joki, Est. Jogi, car. Yoki, Sam. Jokka, Mar. Yoghin, Komi YU). Names with the root of YES-, Ya-, yu- left a deep trace in a number of areas of the North of the European part of Russia, the Urals, Western Siberia. In the Mordovian language world, once the word with the root of Yo-, ya- (for the designation of the river) also existed.

This is talking about the hydronime yov - so called the Moksu River in some Mokshan villages. And in Hydron: Yavas - River in the Kutyo-Polyansky district. Yavley (rivers with such titles are available in a number of areas of the republic) hidden the same name of the river.

Mustache River Vad, Moksha River

Another distinctive term, which is a lingu-toponymic monument Moksha and Erzya, is a Kuzha / Kuzho "Polyana, Pragalina, an open place in the forest". In the literature and on the maps are puzzled, juggling, gochi. With it, it is formed by numerous names of geographic objects in the Volga region and beyond. In Mordovia, in the officially accepted geographical names of settlements, he was noted in ten: Tengushevo, Shaigushi (Damemansky and Southevsky districts), Shirigushi (Drank-Polyansky district) and others. Kuzho, Kuza, as a nominal word, goes back to the Epoch of Finno-Ugric Language Basics. Etymological compliance is in Finnish - Koski "Mel", "Threshold", Maryskoye - Kuzhash "Dolina", Udmurtsky - Kuzh / Kush "Forest Polyana", Komi - Kush Polyana, "Naked place." Differencers of the whole series of titles in the Mordovian world are also terms: Nyar / Nerya "Cape", "Program", "Spit": Inginar - Russian village in the Ylannie region (Ingol "Front" + Nyar) and others; Bie, Bio, Bure, its origin is connected with the word Pion, meaning "Son, Boy."

Through this term, the folk names of a number of settlements in the northeastern part of Mordovia and outside this region are formed: Ordanbay (Ardates), Oorbie (Urusovo Ardatovsky District), Tarasbay (Tarasovo Atyashevsky district), etc.; It's time - "grove, small fishing racks in the field." It is observed both in the official and popular names: Lambier is the center of the district. The name is given along the Lambirik River, on the shores of which the settlement is located. Lambirik - Insar Ave. Hyronim consists of two words - Lyaz / Scrap "Flood, Nizin", "Cherry" + time. G. P. Smolitskaya In his work "Hydronimia of the Oka Basin" (1976) for the Moksha basin, a number of hydronomises type Lampur, Lambur, etc.

I. D. Voronin mistakenly displays the name of Lambier from a combination of two Mokshan words to Lambuba "Warm" and a Vir "Forest"; Kelme is time (old Muravyovka - Mokshanskaya village of Ruzaevsky district), Mordovian Pimbur (Mokshen Pimbur - Village in the Zubeno-Polyansky district), Pimbur - Stump "Finite extreme" + time; Velom "Village, settlement", this term is characteristic of folk instances: Cobale (Kabaevo - Erzyanskaya village Dubensky district), Parynzele (Parajano - Erzyanskaya village of the Tabreznikovsky district), etc. According to the nature of the foundations in geographical names built on the basis of Lesa Mokshansky and Erziang, there are two types of names formed from nominal vocabulary and on the names of their own. Often the foundations are repeated: the peach "Pine" - Pirkets - the Russian village in the Chamzinsky district; Lepha / Lepe "Olkh" - Merchant (Lyaplia) - Mokshanskaya village in the Ylannie region; Tuma / Tumo "Oak" - Tumalek - Russian village in the Ylannie region; Panda / Pando "Mountain", Virn "Forest", Paksya "Field", Lashma / Lashmo "Nizina" and others.

These many and other negative lexemes became part of a number of titles, especially in the structure of microtoponyms. The next layer in the toponymy Mordovia is Turkic, mostly Tatar and Chuvashsky origin. The distribution zone of this layer is quite extensive, actually, clearly defined borders is difficult to install. The historical roots of Turkic names go to the distant past of the Mordovian region. According to a number of researchers, the tribal composition of the Turks living on the Middle Volga was heterogeneous. It is understandable in this regard, that many and now existing on average Volga region (including in Mordovia) Turkic geographical names are non-dependent on mapping can be explained with the help of the Turkic languages \u200b\u200bthat are currently known far beyond the average Volga ( Caucasus, Altai, Western Siberia, etc.). The Turkic layer of geographical names appeared primarily after penetrating the territory of the Mordovian region of the VIII-XII centuries. The ancestors of modern Chuvash - Volga Bulgar. Then, at the beginning of the XIII century, Tatar-Mongols came here. A lot of Names of Turkic origin appeared during the functioning of polishing-defensive lines. On these lines (features), along with Russian, Mokshans and Erzyans, the Tatars were serdays. For their service, they received not only salary, but also the Earth. In the Artyimar Tattern 1660 - 1670, many of the Tatar residents are listed, who serve "among the great sovereign a ratar service." Some of them became the founders of the settlements, and their names were imprinted in the newly emerging names of settlements. There are Altara village in the Rododan district. The directory mentions more rated.

There was no time this settlement was founded near the aelectric death line by Tatars who served rates, i.e. by the cavalurists. As you know, in Russia in the Hu1n century there were rated shelves. Such also on dumbfibles laid in the Mordovian region. "The biographies of many Turkic names are associated with die-cast features. Among them is the name of the city - Dathers.

River Moksha, Azeevo
We tend to see the Turkic element in it - the Tumen, which meant the "many" "ten thousand". In medieval Mongolia, the word was used in the meaning of troops consisting of 10 thousand people, any thermal rhetorical community of the population, "ulus".

In the middle of the XVI century. In the Meshchersk Territory, the city of Duman, leading his story from the Old Town, which was founded in 1636 as one of the supporting point-fortresses on a die-cast line. Damnik is a military leader over Tyumen, dirty, i.e. ten thousand Mongol-Tatars. According to the Temmer Liureda A. A. Chernukhina, "When the Unnamed (Starogradskaya) fortress is included in the so-called Casimov kingdom, it is quite possible that the Tatar Detaper lived in it - the head over the" dirty ", i.e. ten thousand population, therefore And the name of the chamber has developed. " The list of "die-" Okonimov of Turkic origin is significant. It is possible to learn in detail about it in the "Toponymic Mordovian ASSR University" I. K. Inzhvatova. It is impossible not to say that in the territory of Mordovia, there are quite a lot of "die-" Names of Turkic origin. Among them, there are many people where words are found, the meaning of which is well revealed by the data of modern Turkic languages. They can be attributed to the pit - "Postal Station".

This term, according to researchers of Turkic languages, was mastered in the Golden Horde and through the Tatar rank in Russian. In the "language" of the land of Mordovia, he highlighted in the names of Yamshin - the Russian village in Insar district and Novoyamsk Sloboda - the Russian village in the Ylannie region. These settlements were once postal, road stations, where you can take, change horses. Such items were important in the lives of people and therefore were widely reflected in toponymy, including in the toponymy of our republic. The Yamsk service was so important that she was engaged in whole villages, there were Yam Slobods, where the yamchiki lived. And the Turkic word of Murza ... it found its place in the names of Spas Murza - the Russian village in Ardatovsky district, old Turdataki (Tashto Murza), new Turdataki (Od Murza) - settlements in Kochkrovsky district, Kelvoria (Murza) - Erzyanskaya village in Ardatov- area.

In Kazan Khanate, Khan, as the Supreme Bulk, distributed the feudal of the Earth. The most large owners were the representatives of the military administrative feudal assistant - Emirs, followed by the biki of the prince, then Murza. The word Murza itself means "Son Emir."

Catching catfish. Fishing on Moksha.

Augustus only began, it was about 8 am. Andrei and I drove on bikes in the meadows, to the first boiling. There was a quiet and sunny weather, on the eve of the evening we put several donoks on the stors, hoping to catch a pike or pike perch. They checked the first two dons, a small gallicking of grams per 500 came to one (the families served mainly, Pescari). Let's go to the third, it was Andrei Donka. He began to look for a fishing hand in the water, stakes from the Donoks we stuck into the water, going about knee, so that no one could find them. By climbing in the water for about a minute, Andrei has already decided that the Donka pulled out, or he confused the place where she stuck. But here his leg came across the sticking count of the Donki ...

It turned out that the fishing line from Cola went sharply upstream and pulled very strongly, sterling a larger bump with reed. Then we have not yet knew that this is a sure sign that the "good" cattle was caught. Smile, we certainly guessed that the case was not easy here, and probably someone caught, but did not know exactly. Andrei raised the fishing line, pulling her slightly to himself, and immediately felt powerful jerks. To my questions: "Well, what's there?" He quickly responded, something is, something big ... I grabbed a saccus, climbed the knee into the water and waited for it to let go. The jerks were strong, and he had to bathe the fishing line a couple of times, approximately meters in five from us, the fish rose to the surface and made an "revolution." Here we saw a spotted tail, while at the same time: som !!

I said something Andrew, and he answered me something, I don't remember this. :) But I remember that there was 0.4mm on his donke on the Donke, and even a centenary, rotten, the leash was double from the same fishing line, tied to a triangular swivel. I think many remember the triangular swivels, they had sharp edges, often with jar, and the fishing line about them very easily rushed.
Finally, Andrei led cats to the legs, then everything happened pretty quickly. I tried to get it in the mappings, of course, of course, nothing came out, he was simply not placed there. The second attempt was also not crowned with anything, and here Andrey drank. He, apparently, decided to pull the sobe with a fishing line and began to raise it up, here it seemed from the water head, and the next moment he heard a soft click ... Lesk burst! Andrei for a moment for a moment, and then lowered his hands into the water and began to look for Soma there, I made the horses the same thing, but it was already a trail. Mount Andrei was immensely, he silent as he could ... smile While he was screaming there, I checked the Donka, it turns out the fishing line buzzed, on that triangular swivel ... before this case, we never even seen soms, and in This time really did not see anything, but this case gave us an incentive and faith in what we could catch Soma. Many times we still put the docks in this place, but Soma there was never no longer caught, but one day a pike came across 2 with more than kg. By the way, a kilogram of COM pulled at eight, he was then huge for us. Here I had the beginning of hunting for catfish, catches and somat. With Andrey I, unfortunately, I have survived only one ancient photo, now he serves somewhere, and I have not seen him for a long time. After this incident, Andrei, I tanned the desire to catch Soma. The first thing we did is strengthening donoks. Now it is funny to remember, but then a small tee and a fishing line with a diameter of 0.5mm seemed quite reliable to us. For three days, every evening we put donkes on the stors. But soma did not come across, perch and puffy came across. Once I got a good pike at 2.1kg. On the fourth day, Andrei had some kind of business, and he came to the meadow to Moksha just when I had already selected almost all my dons. I didn't have enough travelers to the last donka, and two hooks remained without baking, I put it on the second boiling, on the turn.

We began to think what to put on hooks, shells - a good bait, but too soft and often fly from the hook when casting. And the frogs were not taken into account then. Saransch. Before that, passing near a small tree, we noticed large locust on its branches, I remembered that I heard somewhere or read that for catfish is a good delicacy! Here, I say Andrei, I went to catch her! Well, let's go, and caught ... :) But one locust is not enough, the hook is two ...

Began to look for the second, they climbed all the trees, but did not find anything else. And here under his feet, they accidentally saw another locust, caught her, I went to put the Donka, and Andrei decided to search yet.
While I was hijacked the hooks and threw the Donka, Andrei caught the third locust. It became clear that it was necessary to look for her not on the trees ... :) Well, the Donks are placed, the sun is already a village, time to go home. On the meadows stepped easily, (fishing, I always go barefoot) the air is clean and fresh, the dew has already started to appear on the grass, and in the sky there are stars ... The next morning to check the Donks, I went alone. Usually we went out at 8 am, and for half an hour traveled to "boiling". Having reached the place, I started checking from the Donoks put on my life, I do not really expect that something comes to locust. At that time, I had 3 or 4 donks and later it became 7. The lives this time did not work, not even the perch ...

It came to the place where I put a donkey on a locust. On the same hook, (all of them 3) which is closest to the cola, I had a lively, on the other two, as you know, locust. I start looking for my hands the fishing line in the water, I find, but the fishing line goes almost along the coast, downstream and quite decently stretched. The heart is immediately stuck, should be something! I start tightening and immediately felt the jerk, judging by them, the fish came out decent. Slowly tighten the fishing line and guess, who is it? COM? Who could still grab a locust? Or maybe it grabbed the pike on the livery? But the first chamber seemed, and there was a frisky liver, well, it means it's definitely not a pike ... I went on my knee into the water, the fish resists as strangely, it is not clear.

I pull up getting closer, so the second leash, lifting a little bit, and here it is, som! It was certainly not a catfish, but somik, weighing a little more than 2kg, but then for me it was the most real som! I caught a cat for the first time in my life, but quite recently, I thought that if we had, it was very little ... I quickly led my motherhood to my feet, king his face to the ground, grabbed two hands, and wanted It was to run to the high shore away from the water, but I felt that there was another fish on the far crochet! Fucking the catcher from the hook turned out to be difficult, the little tee clinched very well, he went into place where the upper and lower jaw was connected at once with all three hooks.

That is why Somomik could not break it. I put a catman on the ground and pressed him with his knee, and I myself began to pull the last chain with fish, the hook was a chub weighing about 800g. And Sonomik and Golavl fell on a locust, ignoring the livery (Pescar), and maybe they just did not notice him. I pulled my stake, took fish with a fishing line and dragged the whole bunch of cliff. There, I decided everything and took off the fish with hooks. I remember that I was looking at the catwork for a very long time, his brush of the teeth, the mustache, small eyes ... Now it became clear what and where you need to catch Somov, before that we put the docks more on the beaches, and there was our mistake. On the way home, I thought about the new catchy nozzle, I thought where I could catch a locust in large quantities, as well as that you need to purchase a small basket for transporting the catch. I also really wanted to boast of this catch before Andrei and relatives. :) Happy, I got a donkey, put a catch in the package and went home.

Source of information and photo:

The team is wetting.

http://www.cigankin.ru/archives/

Tsygankin D. I. Memory, captured in the geographical names of Pospelov E. M. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary / d. ed. R. A. Ageev. - 2nd ed. - M.: Russian Dictionaries: Astrel: AST, 2002. - P. 272. - 512 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-001389-2

Wikipedia website.

http://13-blog.ru/blog/reka_moksha_i_rybalka_na_reke_moksha/ http://kadom.ru/reka_moksha/ http://hibaratxt.narod.ru/ http://www.moksha.ru/ http: // TEMNIKOV- city.ru/ http://www.photogorky.ru/ http://img.nnover.ru/

River Moksha - a geographical object that affects not at all its hydrology. He "bribes" more than being located on his shores. Here, every village is trying to issue himself for an unforgettable tourist center. And in many localities for this there are all rights. Pond - the historical "axis" of the Mokshan nation. And if you notice - it is even called accordingly. Now, for more than 2,000 years, no longer understand: the people gave the name of the river or vice versa. And why?

general description

Moksha River is 656 kilometers long. The greatest width of 280 meters (Paris pond). Swimming pool - 51,000 square kilometers. Depth often reaches 6 meters. The channel passes along and regions, and. Movement is as much as possible. General Direction - Northwest. Power is associated with thawed snow waters. Water consumption 95 cubic meters per second. The watercourse freezes at the end of November. Revealed in early April. The speed of the coast is average. Wasters of the water level in the flood (April) is insignificant. The tributaries (not counting the streams) - about 85. The largest - Atmis, Satis, Vad, Civin, Tsna and Yermich.

The Moksha River finally adjusted its course in the final formation of the Russian plain and the Volga Hills. After the departure of the glacier. Since ancient times, people who are mixed with the branch of the ancient flux of Finno-Ugrations in a few thousand years. Those in turn - with Indo-Europeans. So Mokshan appeared. This ethnonym is connected and hydronism. The south "Skify-Pahari" called them "cannibals" (in the arrangement of Herodotus - "Androphagami"). In the 5th century, the admins assimilated part of the bartasov (one of the Turkic Savromat, that is, the "Savir" tribes of multinational Suwara). The first description of the Moksha River dates back to another 9 century. Arab chronicles indicate a certain "brodas" in the composition of Volzhsky Bulgaria (later than the part of the Kazan Khanate). In the 16th century, when the Khanate was the government of "Muscovy", "Brodasa" - Burtasov there was no longer there. Even in the Ordane years, they join the overhang living on, and Voronezh (they could not conquer either Russian rati, neither the Turkic nor Cossack "Horde"). The fate of the most famous "brodas" is set out in the legends of different nations Kazan Khanate, including Mokshan, who belonged to the lion's share of the shores of the Moksha River. Just they adapted perfectly in 4 Russian provinces, giving a special language to the local Russian, Erzyansky and Tatar population (4 people immediately live on Moksha). Protecting entrusted territory from frequently appearing bartes (from the forgotten Mokshansky "Rhodes"), Moscow officials ordered to build fortresses. This was the cause of the evolution of the majority of Posadov, Maidanov in the towns (large agglomerations in line with Moksha still not).

In the year before last, the water "road" joined a few quiet agricultural provinces and was more known to agricultural fairs (shopping sites, "Maidana", retained their significance from the 9th century, many villages inherited the word "Maidan" in the title). On some fields, the water was taken from our "our" water flow. More active economic use River Moksha began in Soviet times. Above Krasnoslobodsk and just below the mouth of the Tsna still have small hydroelectric power plants. The events of the Civil and Great Patriotic War were quite poorly reflected in the fate of the local population. At the moment, the mouth of the Moksha River is recognized as a famous amateur field, as well as equipped with a recreational area. On one of the segments, the channel also affects the particularly protected tract. They are combined into the reserve. Countless walking ships are involved in the lower sections of the flow.

The source and mouth of the Moksha River

The source of the Moksha River is a point near the village of Elizabethino Mokshansky district of the 58th edge. We are talking about the beam on a slightly raised site of a strongly saved steppe, going to the outskirts of the look (rural settlement is mentioned above). The source of the Moksha River is a 0.5-meter in width of the stream of trees curtain, hidden under the roofing mini-canopy. Right here then descends the trail from the automotive ground line Elizabetho-Krasnopol. A piece of terrain is surrounded by agricultural land.

The mouth of the Moksha River is a place of connection between the territories of the Ermishinsky and Pitelian district of the Ryazan region, 35 kilometers from Casimov. Girla has a width of 128 meters. Surrounded by juice-grass underworld (left) and a piece of mixed forest with rods (right). Both water lines are low, with small sandy shallows.

Swimming pool River Moksha

With the Moksha River Moksha designated in the second chapter makes huge radiation, and inside - one hundreds of hinges. Before the Kolocheyev far coast, the left is sandy, the lowered. Below the shore is detached. Everywhere. The meadows are suitable for water more often than forests. The further flow of the Moksha River is very ulivily. For example, in the Mordovian pods there is an extreme protrusion of the largest (northeast) river bows. But the main pool is difficult to distinguish. The average course of the Moksha River is characterized by an even more old man. The main river throughout may be literally up to 5 meters in the upper reaches and up to 15 meters in the lower reaches. But even closer to the mouth of the Moksha River basin remains solid. Not "split" on the docks. The thing is that very rare water rises high. Basin deep. Natural extensions are no more than 85 meters (near Krasnoslobodsk). Only on the man-made areas of the distance between the edges reach 124-144 meters. The final pool of the Moksha river on the right and left hand is surrounded by huge styrices. Further river behavior is already known. As a result, it is worth noting that the coastal boards are little destroyed. Although the flat river, it is transparent.

Sights of the River Moksha

Kuwak and Paris Pond

Before starting alloy along the Moksha River, you will certainly admire the bunch. A village in which the Count of Wayers at the beginning of the last century elevated a border for the production of mineral water. And he is still valid. The well was made close to the fabulous pollas, where it is grown by environmentally friendly honey. Nearby - in crystal waters, trout and other surprisingly delicious fish are bred. The enterprise itself is brightly reconstructed by the original one. There is something to see.

Having passed a few kilometers along the "our" hydrological object (it is still impossible to get on the water on this cut) you will find yourself in ... Paris Commune. Municipality is remembered due to the pond - the most significant manual expansion of the bed. It is called the Paris Pond, respectively. Fallout length - 2 950, the maximum distance between coracks is 280 meters. Perimeter Pouring Rogoz.

Mokshan and his watchtower

Parking on the Moksha River must be continued here. Due to excursions in the edited city. Mokshan appeared on the Russian map in 1535 (presumably). It was only one wooden tower - a checkpoint time of war with Kazan Khan (by the way, the tower is reconstructed). And Posal appears only in 1679. Fortifications around it built a voivode from Saransk. In 1780, this is already the "capital" of the county. The working settlement in the marked place was formed with the arrival soviet power - In 1925. He retained the regional center feature. Mokshansky attractions - Tower, Church of the Epiphany of the Lord, the House-Museum of the writer Malyshkin, the Temple of Mikhail Arkhangel. Mokshan stretches along M-5 by 5.5 kilometers. Has a park. "On the tasks" quarry.

White Mountain - Power Center on the Atmis River

The next parking lot on the Moksha River should organize at the merger point with the called (in the top line) by the river. You can drive into the heater. There are 3 ponds, one of which (similar to the slingsku) stands at the foot of a large hill. With the "Kindovka", all beautiful local landscapes are reviewed - the Emerald Border of the Mokshansky, the Nizhnelovsky and Narovsk region of Penzeschina. Including the relict arboretum shivuvskaya dacha. You can settle on the "White Mountain" hub - with a fashionable residential foundation, a landscaped park, a private beach, two cafes and "Power places".

Forers Schuvskaya Dacha

A few kilometers further at the rate of the influx of Staritsa will lead you into a dense, but an insanely beautiful array. The Moksha River will still wait ... The more interesting Schuvorskaya cottage. This is not a GZ and not even the reserve. Just a cluster of forestry (can not chop forest). The entrance is free for the "tent". What should take advantage of. Moreover, the tiny portion of the thickets goes to the aqueous edge. Twigs enough. The gaze will be pine, high specimens of alder, floodplain glitvarians. In addition to the river Paddy, Styric there is a sudidol of a nameless stream and 3 tiny lakes. As well as the Holy Spring - the holy source of 40 martyrs. Refers to the foundation of the Trinity-Scanning Monastery.

Trinity Skans Monastery - Idyll Cave

The next section of the flow of the Moksha River Slanged for pilgrims, and at the same time and speleotoots. Locality The scanning is extremely popular among travelers because of the men's monastery called in the title. The village itself got a "nickname" thanks to the robust of the scanner - and that from the scanned desert. That, in turn, they died so on the name of Boyar Iskansky - the first Russian rulers of these places. Of course, the Bogomol residents will attract the building itself and religious artifacts. The fate of the desert is associated with the time of the first baptism of Mokshan. And the monastery itself - with the 17th century (it was then that the Wooden Church of the Holy Trinity was erected, "Trubchevskaya" Icon was brought there God's Mother And the Saint Spring is open, which we touched above). However, the rest of the complex of the complex will be curious for people inquisitive, and even in general extremals. The conversation went about the entrance to the "Pechers". Moreover, we are talking about the three elements of the geological cavity. Actually, about the temple caves, the kudyar's "Brodas" moves. And about the karst water bowl, connecting with an equally mysterious water "artery". On it, the robbers "marked by God" and left the labyrinth. Only the first part of the cave is available to ordinary tourists. The real speleologists would not hurt to wander through the rest of two.

A lot of "film sprinkle" myths, as well as Mordovian, Tatar and even Russian folk legends are connected with them. Many believe that Cudyar is just the prodigal son of Vasily III from the wife of Solomonia, who lived in the second half of the 16th century. However, on this historical character only "prevented" the legendary image of the most famous "Brodas". Cudyarovsky cycle began to be born another 250 years ago - during the formation of a multinational Kazan Khanate. It was then that part of its population (in fact "Brodasi") escaped to the West.

Varovka - the city of Mokschansky Queen

Rafting along the Moksha River leads us to the most sacred for local historians-Mokshan agglomeration - will be told (formerly "hail", in the 13th century called Nurzhan, and with Ordans - moss). The Mokshan Principle is increasing in the West called "co-cat" (even in the Herodotovsky historical tradition of the leaders of Androphagas, it was customary to be called "side strucks"). In fact, the Scythians told the SCIENCE of the Greek another word - most likely, "Sogd and Vanya" ("Clean winners"). Just android - the only one who was afraid of the Scythians in battle.

In 1395, Tamerlan, read by ancient chronicle, decided to erase Nurzhan-Mokhu from the face of the Earth. In order to show that he is not afraid of even those who were afraid of Scythians. The act was frankly stupid - in this ancient Posad, traders, peasants, artisans and hunters lived in those days. From the ashes of "Androfagsky", Grad has already been reborn already under the name of breaking, the Narovsky settlement and, finally, will be observed. In 1780 he became a county center, and in 1926 - a regular village. The new name was given by him in agreement with the Mokshan legend of the queen, and Ekaterina II adored ancient stories.). The legend reports that the Mother has been inconsistent (narchart) for the mother, but Burtkaya ("Brodskaya"). Therefore, it was able to fight from childhood. She was the main Mokshansky "Sodahiks" - "Riala". Called his Pures. Pures liberated his homeland from the power of the Ryazan Principality, becoming an ally Vladimir-Suzdal Prince. At the same time, he acquired the Allies of Ryazan as enemies - a huge Erzyan Principality, headed by Purgas and Volzhsky Bulgarian. And then the Mongolian cavalry appeared in 1236! In general, it was easier to become a vassal of Batya. Mongols captured the beauty of Nagrata. They called her Nurzhan ("Light Virgo"). Therefore, the city inherited her name - after all, she soon began to manage Slim by the Principality. Even more interesting you will hear (and most importantly, you will see) in the Museum of History and Culture of Bratasov. The 19th century is marked here by the ruins of the prison, as well as a cute exquisite travel palace. Of course, the visit is connected with the inspection of the monument to Nagaratt. You can complete the tour by campaigning to the exhibition, arranged in the House-Museum of Kupper.

Krasnoslobodsk village - Treasure Hills and New Hydrogen

Here interrupt your fishing. Moksha River has a single dam from Krasnobodsk with a water-cutting area. She is pretty pretty. Like the town itself. By the way, the locals were always called "Osh" ("City"). Since the settlement existed even before the coming of the Russians, who called him Sloboda (in the first half of the 17th century, he grew up like the outskirts of the personal border estate of the royal dynasty of Romanovs). And the Bolsheviks made it Krasnoslobodsky (according to a completely understandable political reason). In 1679, this Romanovsky stronghold burned down. The royal buildings did not restore. In the 18th century it is already a county center. The Trinity Cathedral, the Resurrection Temple and the Krasnoslobodsk diocese are the most beautiful local buildings (competently and colorfully restored). And still striking an excess of old buildings and chapels.

The neighborhood of municipality is known even more. On the nearest hills are still trying to find 20 pots with gold coins hidden here by "Brodasi".

3 bridges. Not far (below Mokshe) build a dam, which will host the 4th moving, the track. Many do not understand what it needs it. By the way, the river "sprinkles" on tens of old men, much wider than she herself. 2.5 km of grove. Notable place.

Village Staradiewovic - Kondakov estate

In this amazing sector of the bed (where the Moksha River, it breaks up with swamps and a maze of old people) merges with a narrow rival large. The spacious dissected village at once 5 tourist brands - the history of the name (mystery), the remains of the merchant manor (from the XIX century in Mordovia, in addition to it, only 1 building remained), the location (streets of Raskidanas in the four "survey" hills), the most pure cut of the Mokshansky channel ( He fell in love with the pitches and every fish) and the "brown" of the starch plant. The temple of Nicholas the Wonderworker is small, but bright Novodel. Birch seams.

Dathers - Ancient Grad of the Republic of Mordovia

Passing the biggest loop, the Moksha River is picturesquely goes to the middle section of the bed. The historic core of Temnikov - Old city (Ordinary now village with the Church of Paraskeva Friday and other rest of the architecture of the beginning of the century). The first page of the biography is the resettlement of the Mongol-Tatar Tameman (in Russian - "darkness"). It happened in the period of reconnaissance nomads to border lands Kievan Rus. Long before the battle on the rod and, moreover, the first attacks on Russian cities. This is from here Baty sent his ultimatum Mokshanam. Thanks to which they became vassals of Horde. Commanded the local "dark" "Domnik". From here and toponym. Since the Mongola did not destroy their own base, then there are darkness - the oldest of the preserved cities of the current Mordovia. After all, Tamerlan did not come here. Ivan Grozny suffered a part of the city to the other side. As a result, it turned out even more Posad. In his museum there is something to see. Yes, and the countless artifacts can be in the vicinity of decades. There is a holy source. The historical and local history museum named after Ushakov (just the famous Flotovodette ordered him to arrange). 3 very beautiful temples. And yet about one cult complex is worth telling in more detail.

It is in this agglomeration that pilgrims get acquainted with the famous Christmas-Virgin Sanaksar monastery. It was founded in 1769 (now, of course, restored in a more beautiful image). By the beginning of the year, the century evolved into a large, well-equipped abode. The existing buildings and structures are built in the period from 1765 to the 1820s. The main shrines of the monastery are the relics of the Saints Rev. Theodore, the righteous warrior of Theodore (Ushakov), Rev. Alexander the confesser. Among the local shrines are worshiped by the images of God's Mother.

Mordovian reserve should go through the "path of ancestors"

The protection of the Moksha River (the most relict coast) is the main goal of the reserve presented in the title. Later, the traveler will strengthen the "Mordovsky reservation". 4 Environmental trails. 9 excursion directions, 60 mammalian species, 32 taxon fish and 215 bird species. This is what wealth is melting these mixed forests with a variety of reservoirs. The most interesting of the equipped routes - the "path of ancestors". At his move, guests will learn the legends of the Mordovian land. And at the same time within the limits of these 1 500 meters and the bison will look. The last cordon coincides with the mouth of the r. Pusht.

Old Katom - the Motherland of the First Lace

By passing the past two settlements of the Nizhny Novgorod region (it does not intersect with it) the Moksha River, finally, it raises the Ryazan expanses (where so many national cultures were mixed at one time). The modern district of Kadom consists of a new and old kadoma. In the second, the elderly owners of the great-grandfather secrets live. And in the first is the Lace Museum. Kadomsky Venion is a unique tradition of lace-haired. Peter the Great commanded European clothing with compatriots. And she did not do without Brussels and Venetian lace. Something similar was organized here. Experienced lances have mastered the technique of work with a needle. And the industrial scope of fishing received in the year before last. The town is known from the Nikonov Chronicles of 1209. But it was formed by century before writing it. So it is originally - Typically Mokshanskaya all, only nominally submitted to the Ryazan state. And then "at all" went there. Then Mokshan and called the village "KAD" - "hopelessly lost thing." Once a long time, the ladies cut down on one of the hills sheds of a dormant Gaya. He, of course, has not survived. After the victory over Kazan, the kat is joined to the Russian Kazan pricing of Tsarevich Kasima. Then suffered from Polish interventories. So from 17 temples left with everything a bit. But they had to restore after Soviet pogroms. In 1958, the kat is listed.

Maidan sewn - it is convenient to swim here and enjoy the scenery

On this episode, the Moksha River on one side has an unintelligible, but extended sandy rivier. On the other, the coast is broken by a 50-centimeter rock, from which it is easy to cross the mentioned beach. As for the biography of the most populated weight, it was formed in the year - on the spot of Shivalinsky Maidan (the bunning).

Soldiers of Budgorm - Natural Overview. From here, unforgettable panoramas - Chevali-Maidan, Lasitz, Demushkino, Maidan Poles, a small triangular genthes, as well as a part of the projected right bank. The elevation of the thick rose fir, a young pine and birch. As well as high gravestone grass.

Cape of Good Hope - Creative Kingdom

In this location, the Moksha River makes another turn. To appreciate the cape of good hope, you do not need to fly to South Africa. It is available in the Ryazan region. This village, in which the locals decided to attract tourists with original sculptural compositions - from the cast material. At the same time, the Mokshan coast cleared, and the village surroundings. Yes ... here is a serious collection. Bust Lenin before Helicing, "Mary" also became much more fun, and his pedestal is "re-repairing". And how was the name? The writer and scientist heads with their team somehow came to remake from this Cape of Good Hope. He came into the environment of hostile English ships. "Diana" barely waited. In memory of this event, his relatives called in honor of the dangerous place one of the villages belonging to them. This.

Surveying HPP

Taking into account the water, the Moksha River passes through the km's last dam. The protection is not provided here. After all, the hydraulic dispenser is "historical". Take a photo with him. The Object "Summary Hosp" is called. His work was stopped in the 50s as unnecessary. Nearby appeared more optimal in the "Energud" structure. The staff was more profitable to translate there. Now it is a bridge, a plot of 61k-030.

"Lebiagia Bor" - and natural, and entertaining tract

Tourist use of the Moksha River most successfully continues on this site. Among the rabies of water fell "hid" island of sushi. Fully built up the base of recreation, named in the honor of the nearest village - Lebiagia Bor (well, in honor of Bohr, surrounded by Staritsa and lakes, curses and swans). In the cuts of different categories you can stay how much you want. There is a stylish dining room, sports grounds, a scene with animators and tempting offers. These include the play of paintball (there is a landfill), campaign for mushrooms - berries, trips on inflatable boats, ice skating and from a slide (winter), as well as the "throwing" on the fishery.

Tourism and rest on the Moksha River

God made it so that the Moksha River was on the most blessed meridians of a temperate climatic belt. To some extent, this is a climatic resort, to get on which can be from the railway stations in Temnikov or Mokshan, and even thanks to such a highway:

• E-30;
• Insar-kovykino;
• Krasnoslobodsk-Kickle-Elniki;
• Kadom-Krasnoslobodsk;
• Sasovo-Mur;
• Caud-chamber;
• Kasimov-Sasovo.

Extreme rest on the Moksha River is represented by a total of 3 species - speleotourism, aeronautics and "low-defect" alloy. However, in the dirty months there can still be driving on SUVs. It so happened that the observed hydrological object crosses as many open spaces as forests. "Caves" will go to the scans the monastery (about him above) and in the hills near Krasnoslobodsky. In the cavities, 20 barrels of robbery are hidden in testes. Allegedly, there is a secret passage under Moksha. For someone, the hills will be a mountain track.

But it is much more profitable here for leisure related to the collection of mushrooms, and especially berries - there are 5 varieties here (some stamps are worthwhile!). You can make healthy medicinal fees. There are intra-view asphalt and primers suitable for cycling promenade on the ruins of the estates or even competitions.

Beach rest on the Moksha River is successfully carried out on dozens of pyatkings. Some of the most picturesque got the Bases of Recreation "Rodnichok", "Lyudmila", "March", "White Mountain" and "Lebiagia Bor". Unlike other rivers on the described landscape, there are enough sandy spaces. And yet the biggest is the urban "bathing" Temnikov (1,200 m. Long). And, by the way, water has an acceptable temperature from June to September 1.

Event, ethnographic, equestrian and rural holidays on the Moksha River are for the tour operators of Ryazan and Penza regions, as well as the Mordovian autonomy in a single direction. Equestrian clubs are in Mokshan and Dameman - the largest agglomerations on the river route. There are also full and cult facilities. Bright festivals are "you are a village, and heart, and a song" in Mokshan and Troitz in Temnov.

Rafting on the Moksha River is a sophisticated pleasure for light category fans, since the riding path is connected only with several obstacles. More often in the "artery" enter the atmosphere, to which they reach M-5 (by the legendary white mountain). All sections will be enough sand. But the water more often welcomes you rare floodplain trees, and often a bush (Ivnyak and Olkhovynik). Kohg is not very much. The famous Mordovian forest goes slightly away, clinging the channel with narrow "tongues." Another "highlight" of the tour - the root shore is almost everywhere, only 0.5 - 1 meter (raises only three are the first in the White Mountain, the second from Krasnoslobodsk and on one recreation of the middle section). It's comfortable. Bivouuck will be good on 2 sides. The speed is medium and on the upper segment. At the atmospis you will find yourself in an extended valley. Speed \u200b\u200bhere suddenly falls, and you twist. We emphasize: the dams are only two here.

Fishing and Hunting on the River Moksha

All the fish is famous for the famous River Moksha. Fishing on her shores guarantees you a meeting with a pike, perch, guster, izeze, in bream, topper, powder and hero. And if you're lucky - by volim and catfish. In each quiet water area, the aqueous fishing can be quite successful. Beware of poaching, the beasts of 2 single hydroelectric power plants and violations of the rules of the spawning season. In addition, it should be released on the will of the pampler, cinema and sturgeon.

On the Moksha River, fishing is really combined with "rifle" fishery. The watercourse crosses the clusters of hunting grounds with different rules and modes. It should be better familiar with the hunting card of 4 administrative units, explore the list of restrictions. In general, a boar, fox, hare-rusak, a chorine, a raccoon dog are available to "Svetokhvoy" Taiga and on the marsh-lake dumps of these places. Behind them in the number of chipmunk, wolf, brown bear and elk (expensive). Among the waterfowl, boroval and field game - ducks, geese, Waldshnepe, thermis, partridge, quail and deafness. In the Red Book "Sit" all feathered predators and owls, cranes, swans, storks and herons. With them protein-flying, lynx, leather, manul and kabagra. In roe, serious quotas. However, they still stop in Mordovia. After all, it is a pretty poaching edge.

Protection of the River Moksha

The protection of the River Moksha in the Penza region and in the Mordovian republic is established. Water transparent (80%). Thus, it has a high natural value. Ecologists beat the alarm only in Temnov. Due to the "picnic" duties, sewers and plots of enterprises. The public is picked by the administration. Applications are submitted to the prosecutor's office. In Ryazanchin, protective measures usually include the same complex. In the lower reaches of the trouble is large quantity cattle. The contamination index is already below "satisfactory."

The Description of the Moksha River Shows the recreational, cultural and tourist and extreme tourist attractions of this thread. For many, the river is associated with everything with one - a Christmas-Virgin Sanaksar monastery.

Mouth - Location - Height - Coordinates The country

Russia, Russia

Region To: Rivers Alphabetically K: Water objects Alphabetically to: rivers up to 1000 km long Moksha (river) Moksha (river)

Length - 656 km, pool area - 51 thousand km².

In the 1950s, in the middle of the river, several hydrouds were built with HPP, but without shipping gateways. In 1955, 2 km below the mouth of the river. The cities on the Moksha River are built by the Summary Hydrogen with HPP and a wooden shipping gateway. Shipping on the river was carried out until the mid-1990s.

On r. Moksha is the Trinity Scanning Monastery, Christmas-Virgin Sanaksarsky Monastery and Krasnoslobodsky Savior Transfiguration Monastery.

origin of name

The name is left by the ancient Indo-European population of the floards, who spoke in a language close to the Baltic. Hyronim comparable to the Indo-European basis meksha., Meaning "spilling, targeting". Suggest that in the language of Indo-European Aborigines moksha Meaning "Flow, flow, river" and as a term was part of a row of hydronos (the River Shirmoksha, Mamoksha et al.).

The name "Moksha" is mentioned by the monk-minor rubric, the Ambassador of the French king Louis IX to Mongolian Khan Sartak (1253).

Source

In the monograph "Nature of the Penza region" it is indicated that r. Moksha originates above with. The looks of the Nechaevsky (now Mokshansky district) of the Penza region. According to the latest Data, Moksha begins in a ravine from the Spring system in the village of Elizabetino. The source of Moksha is on a shameless place. Studies conducted in 2009-2010. showed that from the south with. Looking among the elevated places stretches the nizenna (to the village of Visaletino) is about 6 km long. This site is called "dry mocks". In a hollow with a sandy and clay bottom of a depth of 20 - 40 cm. A thrower flows with a width of 0.5-1.5 cm (the study was conducted in May 2010). The constant flow of water is observed below the place of failure of the hollow from St. Sprior, where a small expansion of the bed is also formed. This watercourse flows towards the look in a weakly developed bed. The seats of the shore are collapsed in front of the stuffing of groundwater from them flowing into the row. Bottom nizenas where the flow of the stream is swallowed. According to the shores of the stream, the shrubs entering the water, the shrubs of the IV grow, the rogue of the broad-willed, the root of the forest and some other moisture-loving plants. Thus, the source of Moksha is a drying stream, currently fueled with thawed and groundwater. It stretches to s. Looksome gradually turning into a constant stream.

Flows (km from the mouth)

• 34 km: River Untitled, with. Penki Poltov
• 49 km: Strochka Creek
• 51 km: River Tsna
• 82 km: Urzva River (Black River)
• 105 km: Vad River
• 121 km: River Yermich
• 135 km: Schoksha River
• 144 km: Yuzga River
• 150 km: Creek knocked
• 160 km: Vedding River
• 170 km: Varnava River
• 177 km: Uzhovka River
• 183 km: Sarma River
• 191 km: Satis River
• 231 km: Lomovka River
• 248 km: River Big Axel
• 258 km: River Ure (Ureka)
• 266 km: Shavitz River (Warkey)
• 294 km: River Zuluy
• 295 km: Urcat River
• 302 km: dry urea river
• 310 km: Varma River
• 338 km: Sivin River
• 346 km: River Shap
• 351 km: River Humek
• 360 km: River Ryabka
• 373 km: River Linievka
• 388 km: River Big Azyus
• 412 km: Sequelka River
• 418 km: Mokshan River
• 420 km: Lashma River
• 432 km: Pivy River
• 437 km: Issa River
• 464 km: Pangia River
• 477 km: River Sheldais
• 492 km: Camora River
• 497 km: river kahets
• 500 km: Creek Modaev
• 532 km: Lomovka River
• 540 km: Atmiss River
• 545 km: Iva River
• 553 km: Kerka River
• 562 km: River Lotman (in the water register - Untitled, at the village. Gorlitsyno)
• 563 km: Creek Blizzard
• 586 km: Midaevka River (Madaevka)
• 596 km: Muromba River (Shirkox)
• 599 km: River Zipchka
• 604 km: River Yulovka
• 620 km: River Azyasya
• 624 km: Creek Saranka

see also

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Notes

Links

• Moksha (river) - article from the Big Soviet Encyclopedia.
• Moksha // Dictionary of Modern Geographical Names / Rus. geogr. o-in. Mosk. center; Under total. ed. Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. . - Ekaterinburg: Y-Factoria, 2006.
• . // Textual.ru. Checked January 23, 2012.

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An hour later, Tikhon came to call the princess to Mary. He called her to the prince and added as Prince Vasily Sergeich there. Princess, while Tikhon came, sat on the sofa in his room and kept the crying M Lla Bourienne in his arms. Princess Marya quietly stroked her head. Beautiful eyes are printed, with all their former calm and radiance, looked with tender love and regret with a pretty face M Lle Bourienne. - Non, Princesse, Je Suis Perdue Pour Toujours Dans Votre Coeur, [No, Princess, I have fallen your location,] - spoke M Lle Bourienne. - Pourquoi? Je Vous Aime Plus, Que Jamais, "said Princess Marya, - Et Je Tacherai De Faire Tout Ce Qui Est En Mon Pouvoir Pour Votre Bonheur. [Why? I love you more than ever, and I will try to do everything for your happiness, everything in my power.] - Mais Vous Me MEPRISEZ, Vous Si Pure, Vous Ne Comprendrez Jamais Cet Egarement De La Passion. AH, CE N "EST QUE MA PAUVRE MERE ... [But you are so clean, you despise me; You will never understand this passion passion. Ah, my poor mother ...] "Je Comprends Tout, [I understand everything," answered Princess Marya, smiling sadly. - Calm down, my friend. I will go to my father, she said and came out. Prince of Vasily, bending a high leg, with a tobacco car in his hands and, as it were, diluted, as if sorry and laughing at his sensitivity, sat with a smile of lingering on his face when Princess Marya entered. He hastily raised a chinful tobacco to the nose. - Ah, Ma Bonne, Ma Bonne, [ah, cute, honey.] - He said, getting up and taking her for both hands. He sighed and added: - Le Sort De Mon Fils Est En Vos Mains. Decidez, Ma Bonne, Ma Chere, Ma Douuee Marieie Qui J "Ai Toujours Aimee, Comme Ma Fille. [The fate of my son in your hands. Decide, my dear, my dear, my meek Marie, which I always loved like a daughter. ] He went out. The actual tear seemed to be in his eyes. - Fri ... fr ... - Fyrkal Prince Nikolai Andreich. - Prince on behalf of his pupil ... Son, it makes it proposition. Do you want or not to be the wife of Prince Anatoly Kuragin? You say yes or no! He shouted, "and then I hold the right to say my opinion. Yes, my opinion and only your opinion, "Prince Nikolai Andreich added, turning to the prince Vasill and responding to his begging expression. - Yes or no? - My desire, Mon Pere, never leave you, never to share your life with yours. I do not want to marry, "she said decisively, looking at his beautiful eyes to Prince Vasilla and his father. - nonsense, stupidity! Nonsense, nonsense, nonsense! - Frowning, shouted the prince of Nikolai Andreich, took the daughter for his hand, burned to himself and did not kiss, but only squeezed his forehead to her forehead, he touched her and squeezed his hand that he kept that she frowned and screamed. Prince Vasily stood up. - Ma Chere, Je Vous Dirai, Que C "EST Un Moment Que Je N" Oublrai Jamais, Jamais; MAIS, MA BONNE, EST CE QUE VOUS NE NOUUS DONNEREZ PAS UN PEU D "ESPERANCE DEUCHER CE COEUR SI BON, SI GENEREUX. DITES, QUE PEUT ETRE ... L" AVENIR EST SI GRAND. Dites: PEUT ETRE. [My dear, I will tell you that I will never forget this minute, but, my kindest, give us at least a little hope to touch this heart, so kind and generous. Tell me: Maybe ... Future is so great. Tell me: Maybe.] - Prince, what I said is everything that is in my heart. I thank you for honor, but I will never be my son's wife. - Well, and over, my dear. I am very glad to see you, very happy to see you. Come to myself, Princess, appear, - said the old prince. "Very, very glad to see you," he repeated, hugging Prince Vasilla. "My calling is different," said the princess Marya, my vocation is to be happy to be happy with the happiness, the happiness of love and self-sacrifice. And whatever it cost me, I will make the poor AME. She loves him so passionately. She is so passionately repent. I will do everything to arrange her marriage with him. If he is not rich, I will give her tools, I will ask my father, I will ask Andrey. I will be happy when she is his wife. She is so unhappy, someone else's, lonely, without help! And my God, how passionately she loves, if she could forget himself. Maybe I would do the same! ... "Thought Princess Marya. Long Rostov did not have news of Nichochka; Only in the middle of winter, the Count was transferred to the letter, at the address of which he learned the hand of his son. Having received a letter, the count is frightened and hastily, trying not to be seen, on tiptoe, ran into his office, locked and began to read. Anna Mikhailovna, having learned (as she knew everything, what was done in the house) about receiving a letter, a quiet step entered the count and found him with a letter in his hands with a shy and laughing together. Anna Mikhailovna, despite the corrected affairs, continued to live in growth. - MON BON AMI? - Anna Mikhailovna said in question, and readily said any participation. Count buried even more. "Nichoshka ... Letter ... wounded ... ... Was ... Ma Chered ... wounded ... My darling ... Shtynushka ... In the officers produced ... Thank God ... Shtynushka how to say? ..." Anna Mikhailovna hooked to him, his tears with his eye with his eye, from writing, and her tears, read the letter, reassured the count and decided that she would prepare countess before dinner, and after tea I will announce everything, if God She will help her.