Fencing on the swords of the gas pipeline. This is elegant art! What is sports fencing

Fencing is one of five Sports that are included in the program of all Olympic Games.

For the first time in the program it appeared In 1896 from 1900- Olympic tournaments were held on all types of weapons used now.

When fencing has become sports

As the art of owning a stitching weapon, fencing originated in the XV century in Spain. Anyone later in Germany and England, associations of teachers of fencers were created.

In the XVI century in Italy For the first time installed the principles of fencing. A theoretical course was created for studying it. This period can be considered the emergence of fencing as a sport.

His first International Charter of the Rules was determined In 1914.Although at that time the fencing was already considered a separate sport, and was included in the Olympic Games Program. In 1921.held the first world championship organized a bit previously created International fedence federation.

Reference.The first competitions similar to modern tournaments were held for another 3 thousand years ago. in Egypt, India, Ancient Greece, Rome, Japan and China. The ancient frescoes speak about it.

What types of this sport is now

In modern fencing, three types of weapons are used: sword, rapier and saber.

Sword

It is a crossing weapon. This type it is considered the most common.The duel is most close to dangerous combat fencing.

Photo 1. Sword for sports fencing. At the end of the blade there is a special electronic tip, locking injections.

Such a kind of fencing the worst of three. In particular, the weight of the sword is over 700

This type of fight has the following features:

• Any part of the body can be amazed: Torchish, head or limb, as well as equipment and adventure clothing. At the same time, points are accrued for any injection.
• Points for injections that opponents simultaneously inflicted each other count right both.
• Fight competing on the swords usually lasts longdue to the fact that opponents choose the waiting strategy, as it is very easy to get an injection and point for it.
• Many believe that the advantage in the duel has a high athlete with long hands. but This theory has no statistical confirmations: In international tournaments, fencing with different growths are won.

Rapier

It is a stitching sports weapon. Among the three species is considered the safest, so women and children at the age participate in the rapira from 10 to 12 years. She has a relatively small weight - 500 gand the length is the same as the sword - 110 cm.

Differences of battle on rapiers:

• Body surface that can be hit by rapiir and get a point, The smallest among the three types of fencing. In particular, it is a torso and neck (lower part of the mask tongue).
• There is a so-called priority concept or "tactical rightness". This rule is that the enemy first need to reflect the attack and, thus, the priority before the opposite strike.
• If there is a mutual attack (simultaneous), Glasses for possible injections will not be accrued.

Important!Fencing on rapira it is considered a basic specieswhich all athletes must be seized. After that, they already choose another profile (sword or saber) or remain rapirists.

Saber

Unlike the first two types (swords and rapiers), the saber is not only a cake, but also chopping weapons. She weight is the same as the rapier, but the length is different: 5 cm less.

The main feature of this type of fencing is that points are accrued for both shots and beats. At the same time, the blow can be applied to the entire surface of the blade or its oven.

Fenections features on the sabers:

• Can be amazed head (mask), hands and torso.
• In addition to applying a shock to accrual points, It is also necessary to get a priority, as in the case of rapier.
• Sabelnoy fencing different with greater dynamism and entertainment. All actions of the athletes are performed very quickly.
• In this video, the time is not fixed.

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Athletes who have achieved big results

The most famous fencers:

Among men:

1. Aladar Herrevich. In addition to the huge number of medals received on the European and world championships, this Hungarian fencer boasts 10 medalsat the Olympic Games. Among them were 7 gold. He is also known as a long-lived athlete who has lived 81 year. Athlete died in 1991.

Photo 2. Professional fencer Aladar Herravich. In his hands, the athlete holds a sports saber and a protective mask.

1. Edardo Mandjarotti come from Italy.In total, he won 39 Medals In world tournaments and Olympics. Specialized in fencing on the sword and rapier.
2. Before Nadi. Huge respect for this athlete thanks 5 gold medalswho won during one Olympic tournament. At the same time, became the first fencer who took gold at once in three weapons.

Among women:

1. Elena Belov. Soviet athlete who became the Olympic champion four times. In addition, she repeatedly defeated international tournaments and the USSR competitions. Elena is the only Olympic champion in the history of the Soviet fencing, who won the victory in separate fights.
2. Maria Wetsali. This woman is considered one of the best fencers in the world thanks 6 victories at the Olympic Games, 16 At the World Championships and 13 in European tournaments. Athlete won 5 Olympic medals in one personal discipline.
3. Irina Embryry. Estonian fencer, was recognized as the best sports in his country in 2007.. Irina is a multiple winner of world, European and Estonian championships.

What is useful for sports fencing

Sports are favorable for health. Fencing is no exception. Fights on the swords, rapiers or sabers are useful as follows:

• All muscle groups train, Tighten the figure of a person.
• Develops the rate of reaction, coordination, dexterity, endurance, attention.
• Start well function Cardiovascular and respiratory system.
• Thanks to the cyclic and dynamic work, the body Resets ballast in the form of unnecessary fat deposits.
• Develops the ability to quickly make decisions In difficult provisions.

general information:

• The Club "Blade and Line" teaches historical fencing - fencing on blades weapons, which has analogues in the past. Training is divided into several directions: fitness fencing, historical fencing (including the history of costume), cutting targets.
• Our club unites the directions of comprehensive reconstruction, which means complete immersion in the era (VII-XII and XVII century). As a bonus - learning horseback riding, archery and the marine case on departures (the region participants choose themselves).
• Since 2018, we have begun to study the traditions of historical European martial arts (Hema).
• We are members of the Sports Sword Federation. We carry out classes for children on soft weapons.
• Clothes for training in the hall - sports. On club departures - according to the era, on which the departure is organized.

We train in directions:

• Classic fencing with one weapon.
• Sword and Dag.
• Sword and shield.
• Ax and shield.
• Spear / brodex.
• Sword / saber.
• Long sword.
• Duel fencing.
• Teamwork (Troika, Podtsi).

Club city: Moscow.

Year of foundation: 2010.

Head: Pavlyukova Ekaterina Dmitrievna.

Instructors: Pavlyukov Alexey (since 2009), Kamshilin Alexander (since 2008), Pavlyukova Ekaterina (since 2009).

Conducted tournaments and events:

• Annual Historical Reconstruction Festival for Early Middle Ages "Varangian Sails": Boat fighting, Marine training, participation in the reconstruction of the Balt rite "Creation of the World" (2015-2018).
• Annual inter-ophone festival of historical reconstruction "Helga": a combat program, the organization of throwing testers and trade, refereeing (2014-2018).
• Historical fencing tournaments "Holmgang" (2016).
• Tournaments on Hubbling on the replicas of the clink weapon "Singing Blade" (2016-2017).
• Annual Historical Reconstruction Festival for Early Middle Ages "Bogatyr Strength": judging, organization of the tournament in the framework of the festival (2013, 2015-2016).
• The annual festival of historical reconstruction "GNELDOVO": the organization of throwing testers, the organization and holding of master classes, refereeing (2013-2016).
• Annual Historical Reconstruction Festival "Rus Priminal": organization and holding of the tournament within the framework of the festival, refereeing (2016).
• The annual festival of the historical reconstruction of the "epic shore": demonstration performances and master classes on the logging, the organization of throwing testers (knives, axes, sealings), refereeing, boat team (2015-2016).
• The annual festival of historical reconstruction Rusborg: demonstration performances with the equestrian program (2016).
• International Exhibition "Blade - Traditions and Modernity", "Blade on Neva", knife exhibitions in Moscow and St. Petersburg: demonstration performances on fencing and cutting, master classes in the slam, (2016-2019).
• Annual International Exhibition "Equestrian Russia" in KSK "Bitz": an indicative equestrian program (2016).
• Closed cavalry competitions KSK "Ataman" (2015).

In the attack do not go! Back do not go! Do not take protection! Do not take a counterattack! Do not fall! Straight hand do not!
- And what to do?
- Fehuju!

Additional Information

• The former name of the club: Skir "Horoir".
• For fencing we use mass-barber (not sharpened) copies of historical weapons. Fencing technique is restored by historical manuscripts and felbuch. Fencing occurs in the analogues of historical costumes with the obligatory correspondence of the weapon of the fencer.
• Our club participated in the filming of fencing scenes for music groups: Imperial Age (participation), Rarog "Bed" (participation and production), Kalevala "granted" (participation and formulation of fencing scenes).

Contacts:

• Club workshop and interview with candidates: ul. Olkhovskaya, 14, Corps 4, room 13 m (m. Bauman / m. Krasnoselskaya).
• Address of the training hall: ul. Lower Krasnoselskaya, 35, structure K (m. Baumanskaya / m. Krasnoselskaya).
• To sign up for the first training, fill out the form in the VKontakte group: "

Fencing is a sport based on martial arts on one of the types of sports cold weapons.

Fencing classes are developing:

• speed
• dexterity
• endurance
• strength
• composure
• ability to lightly reduce solutions
• action in difficult battle situations.

In the fencing battle on rapier, sword or saber, the goal of an athlete is to apply a certain number of blows or injections at a predetermined time.

If weapons and equipment meet the rules, these injections and blows cannot cause damage to the opponent.

The weapon and the purpose of the fencing change over time. Along with the fistboard and struggle, the fencing is one of the most ancient types of martial arts, which originated in Egypt for 3,000 years before. e. For thousands of years, fencing was the main component of military training and an important means of physical hardening the body. Almost to times of feudalism in fencing, heavy combat weapons and massive armor were used. In the invention of firearms in the XV century. Gradual improvement of weapons for fencing began. A comfortable necro-plated weapon has become easy to use.

The first fencing book appeared in 1516.

In the XVI century A sword comes to replace the sword, which is in many ways a Milan fenceman Agrippa has been promoted. He refused to strike a sword in favor of the injection and laid the foundation for the modern holding of the sword and control of the blade. The Italian fencing system on the swords, based first on shocks and injections, and later only in injections, won its place in European countries until the end of the XVII century.

France is one of the countries of classical fencing-joined the path of independent development of fencing later. In 1633, the French master Bernard Rennes in his book sets fencing technique, very close to modern. In France, the fencing on rapiers received great distribution.

In Germany, the "MANUAL" fencing-duel on polls with flat sharpened ends was common. The rivals in the duel applied to each other cutting strikes. "Menzure" fencing for a long period was distributed among young people, especially in student corporations.

In 1776in France, La Braussee invented a fencing mask from a wire mesh. The introduction of the mask eliminated all the danger in fencing on rapiers and contributed to its further development.

After the political association of Italy in the XIX century. Italian fencing school survived a new rise.

In 1861the treatise was published by the head of the Milan Military School Radaelli, who summarized the fencing technique on the sabers, later improved in Hungary. Neapolitan Paris, the creator of the fencing method on rapiers and sabers, put an end to the dispute between the North and Southern Italian fencing schools. Paris became the head of the newly educated central school of fencing in Rome. Graduates of this school were taught later in Germany, Austria, Hungary and in the United States.

By the end of the XIX century. In France, it began to develop a modern fencing on the swords.

The International Federation of Fencing (FIE) was formed in 1913. Currently, the FIR includes national associations about 80 countries. Fencing on rapiers and sabers included in the Olympic Games Program since 1896, on the swords since 1900. In 1924, fencing on women's rapiers was included in the Olympic Program.

Material support

For the development of fencing, a large number of material prerequisites are needed.

Sports weapon

In modern fencing, the following types of weapons differ: rapier, sword, saber. Rapier and sword weapons. Depending on the shape of the handle, Italian, French and orthopedic handles of rapira or sword are distinguished. Saber-sharing weapons.

	Rapier	Sword	Saber
total length
Length Klinka
Diameter Garda			15 cm in length
			not and 14 cm on
General weight

Electro appliance

In fencing on rapiers and swords, the electrical equipment helps the judges to make a more objective and accurate solution.

Electro device is triggered when the tip of the rapier or sword comes into contact with the affected opponent's surface. In the fencing on the swords, the flashing lamp of the electrofixator lights up as a result of the circuit of the electrocups, while in the fencing on rapira, when it is broken. If the injection occurred on an unpainted surface or to the floor, a white lamp is lit. If color and white lamps are also ignited, the injection is not counted.

When fencing on rapiers, it is necessary that when the pressure on the arms tip is not less than 0.5 kg, and during fencing on the swords-0.75 kg. At the end of the track there are coil-coils that are wound with a cord that connects the fencer with an electrofixator. The cord passing under a fencing jacket is connected to the weapon through its handle and the blade to the tip.

Tracks for fencing

For fencing competitions and for training, there are rooms with a matte wooden floor with bright, but not blinding lighting. The fencing path is covered with linoleum or other similar rectangle material.

The width of the track for all types of fencing ranges from 1.80 to 2 m. Its length for fencing on rapiers-12 m, on the swords and sabers-18 m. But from practical considerations of competitions are carried out, as a rule, on tracks with a length of 14 m. If The athlete crosses the rear line of the border, then in fencing on rapiers it is returned to 1 m from the border, in fencing on the swords-by 2 m, sabers-5 m.

If necessary, it can be designated on the floor track circuit of the required length. For safety reasons from each end of the track, there should be a free space for a mileage of 1.50-2 m. For fencing on rapiers and swords with electropixate tracks, the tracks are made with a special copper coating (metal track), which is grounded so that injections about the floor are not fixed.

Clothing and gear

The fencer suit, made of white dense matter, includes a jacket and trousers, fastening lower knees, as well as gloves, leggings or white stockings, special fencing or rubber shoes and a fencing mask.

Mandatory accessories for women is a special bra leather or light metal bra. To prevent injuries, athletes must have under the jacket safety chain with a long sleeve, which is put on the armed hand. In addition, the sabelasts are put on an armed hand of a sucker. When fencing on rapiers with an electropixator over a fencing jacket, an electric turtle made of thin metal threads is worn. It should completely cover those parts of the body for which it is allowed to apply injections. In fencing on rapiers and swords, the equipment includes a personal cord that connects the weapon with the coil of the electrofixator.

Separation on age groups and sports discharges

In fencing on all types of weapons, age groups and sports discharges are distinguished. The age groups in Germany are determined by the number of events on June 1 of each year. For juniors of the older age, the estimated day serves January 1 (according to the rules of the Fie).

In fencing the following age groups (VG) distinguish: 10/11 (children under 11), VG 12 (up to 12 years), Vg 13 (up to 13 years), Vg 14/15 (from 14 to 15 years), Vg 16/17 (from 16 to 17 years), juniors (from 18 to 20 years) and men (from 20 years and older).

Athletes VG 10/11 and Vg 12 Fee all on rapiers, athletes of other VG-on all types of weapons; Women fugitive only on rapiers. Sports discharges. Depending on the sporting results, schoolchildren and adolescents may be awarded the III, II and I sports discharges, and juniors and men, in addition, the title of candidate for the master and master of sports.

Battle time and number of injections (blows)

If competitions are conducted along a circular system, then the net battle time is 6 minutes and the battle is underway up to 5 injections.

In accordance with the new rules of the FIRA at international tournaments and fencing championships, competitions are carried out on a direct disposal system after 32 or 16 remains (depending on the total number) of participants. At the same time, men spend battles to 10, and women up to 8 injections, and the battle time is 12 and 10 minutes, respectively. If one of the sports shifts will cause a battle time of 5 injections (8 or 10 injections when conducting competitions on a direct disposal system), then in this case the battle ends early. If, after the battle time on rapiers and sabers, the opponents caused the same number of injections, the number of injections increases to the required number minus one injection, and the battle is carried out without limiting time to the first injection.

If, after the battle time, the bill is not equal (for example, 3: 2), then in this case the number of injections increases in such a way that the athlete applies to a greater number of injections, their number corresponded to a specified number of injections (for example, with a 4: 3 account 5: 4, or up to 8: 7, or up to 10: 9). In fencing on the swords, with a draw of the scoles, both athletes are counted a mutual defeat.

Application of injections (blows)

In fencing on rapiers and swords, only injections applied by the edge of the blade are valid. In the fencing on the sabers, injections applied by the edge of the blade are valid, and the strikes applied to all the blade and part of the yard of the blade.

Blows (injections) can be applied only on the affected body surface. Prices (blows), which came to the unaccompanied part of the body, are only interrupting the duel.

In fencing there are strict rules for conducting battle. For each attack of the opponent, the fencer must respond to protection (beating), and only in this case a further answer is possible, after which the opponent can no longer continue the attack. If the fencer is protected by non-beat, but a counterattack, then the latter is counted only if it is taken by the interception of the opponent's clinic in the attack line or stopping injuries and blows into the pace. The tempo of the time, the necessary feeder for performing one simple movement, or a generalized form of time defining the advance of the injection (impact). If the fencers make each other injections at the same time, the senior judge makes a decision about whether it was a mutual attack, or someone was tactful rights. In the case of mutual attack, injections (strikes), applied by both athletes, are canceled. In the second case, the judge counts the injection of an athlete who was tactically right. Only in fencing on the swords simultaneous injections (with a difference of less than 1/25 s) are counted with both fencers.

Violation of rules

In the case of unsporting behavior, the fencer is a warning and it is counted a penalty area or removed from the competition. These violations include: any type of violence with weapons or body, a deliberate clash - in fencing on the swords only in the case of rigid actions; retreat for its own border line, despite the warning; deliberate output of the side line of the track; promoting the actions of the opponent or offensive statements in his address; Equipment or weapons that do not meet the rules, unsporting behavior with respect to the judge.

Command competitions, in all fence competitions, the team consists of 4 people. Each member of the team carries out a fight with each fencer from the opponent's team.

Tournaments

Video: International Fencing Tournament among Cadets. S.A. Sharicikova, saber girls

If competitions are made to the tournament for all types of fencing, then they are held in the following order: rapier (men), saber, rapier (women), sword. In competitions for each type of weapons, personal fights are first conducted, and then team competitions. Winners are detected in the personal standings and in the team event on a circular system (qualifying wheel, intermediate circle, semi-final and final circle) on a straight departure system.

With a circular system in one group of 6 athletes, each athlete must meet with all 2 rivals. 3 (or 4) the best fencer transitions to the next circle. The rest are dropped out of the competition. Decisive is the total number of victories in this circle.

If the athletes scored the same amount of victories, the place is determined by identifying the best difference of applied and received shocks.

If in this case the winner will not be detected, it is carried out in interruption. In command meetings, only one interruption of the participating teams (for the 1st place) is carried out.

In competitions on a circular system After intermediate, quarterfinal and semifinal competitions, 6 fencers fall into the final.

In competitions with direct disposal For 2 circles, 32 or 16 athletes are selected, each of which is prescribed an opponent for the first battle in accordance with the place occupied in the intermediate circle. The loser has another chance, but after the second defeat he drops out of the competition. There are only 6 athletes (4 directly and 2 athletes after the second combat) in the final. The final battles along the circular system are carried out without taking into account previous results. In the case of the same number of victories and applied and missed injections, interruption is carried out.

Judges

The judicial board consists of a senior judge, and in fencing on sabers, where there is no electroixing of Ukrainians, from the senior judge, 4 lateral judges. The senior judge gives the team (at international competitions in French), observes the fighting actions of both athletes, makes a decision on reality and invalidation of injections, controls equipment and penalizes for violation of the rules.

Decisions of the senior judge, which he takes out after analyzing a fencing phrase, led to an injury, are indisputable. If necessary, in the competitions on the sabers, on both sides of the track stands the side judges and ensure that the injections are applied on the affected body surface.

In this case, with the award of injections and determining their reality, the senior judge has 1.5 votes, side judges in 1 vote.

Technics

Video: Fencing: Fighting Technique

Unlike other sports, where the technique is the basis of the sporting result (sports gymnastics, jumping in water, figure skating), technique in fencing is a way to achieve tasks supplied to the athlete.

The athlete moves along the path in typical for this sport of a fencing rack, which gives him the opportunity to move forward and forth with the steps and jumps. The legs delivered at each other to each other provide a stable position, and the turn of the body seems to move away from the opponent a part of the affected surface. At attacks, the fencing distance (the distance between athletes) is overcome by the suppression or an arrow attack.

Arms managementcarried out by the actions of the large and index fingers. The movements of the weapon fold from the movements of the hand, the brushes of the hands and fingers. Differ: a) movement, thanks to which the opponent is applied; b) movements, with which the rival weapon is eliminated from a dangerous position; c) movements that lead to a change of position and oppose the movements of the opponent. Positions differ in numbers from 1 to 8. If, for example, an athlete commits an opponent's weapon in a circle and makes a root along the rival weapon, then this technical reception is called sliding circular capture (tying).

Fencing stand

The complexity of fencing equipment is its accuracy and speed of execution. The movements of the fencer are in close dependence on the entire fenceal situation (distance, the behavior of the opponent, etc.). All this makes special requirements for temporary and spatial coordination of individual movements and the ability to quickly rebuilt depending on the changed battle conditions. Dexterity is the basis of the accuracy of the performance of movements. The most important physical and contingent premises are also a good reaction and speed. For full mastering all technical techniques, depending on the conditions and intensity of training from 6 to 10 years.

Tactics

In fencing, not only good ownership of technique, but also its correct use, depending on the situation. During the battle, each of the athletes is trying to comply with the rules to achieve advantages over the opponent. To do this, it is necessary to carefully observe the actions of the opponent, quickly recognize its intentions and make instant decisions. With the help of Finds, you can send an opponent for a false trace, causing its attacking actions that can be easily reflected, since they were expected.

Thanks to constant threatening actions, you can encourage the opponent's initiative, limit its protective actions and disguise its attacking actions. Considering all of the above, it can even be argued that the fencing battle is a strongly pronounced intellectual character.

The complexity of the use of fencing tactics is also explained by the fact that the whole combat situation has to be assessed throughout a very small period of time, while the opponent is also trying to succeed. In the process of a variety of interaction of fencers, combat operations perform various functions.

Attack

Major attacks are used against passive rivals. To reflect the attack, along with deviations are used primarily to protect (protection with weapons). Immediately after successful protection, there are response attacks (riposta). If after successful protection does not follow the ripost, the attacking athlete may after the failed first attack go to the continuation of the attack. But such a situation may occur when the defending athlete must resort to counterattack actions. This happens in cases where the attack was incorrect, slowly or when the opponent solved the intentions of the attacking fencer.

False Attack

Good fencers mask their attacks in every way and cause injections by transfer when the opponent misled with the films performs the appropriate protection (false attack), or cause an opponent using a false attack on protection-response or counterattack, to with the help of own protection Answer or counterattacks apply to him (ataction of the second intention).

For the mastery of fencing tactics, special training is necessary, the continuous improvement of the mental qualities of an athlete in a close connection with technical preparation. The larger number of technical skills has an athlete, the more diverse and unexpected for the opponent may be his actions. The necessary experience is mined in the process of training with various partners and thanks to a great competitive practice.

Preparation and training

When selecting children for fencing (taking into account the achievement of higher sports results), it should first of all pay attention to the development of coordination and functional qualities (dexterity, speed, etc.). The child must have quite well developed mental qualities necessary for this sport, it should have fun from sports martial arts, be able to take lightning solutions and not very small growth.

It is best to start fencing in 10 years, but at a later age you can achieve significant success.

The preparation of the fencer passes through the 3 stages: initial training, special training and training at the level of higher sportsmanship.

Initial preparation

Fencing training starts with the study of the main motor skills, and in particular steps, attacks, injections or shocks, main positions, etc. After initial training in standard conditions of training on auxiliary projectiles and workouts are conducted with a partner, in the course of which combat activities are being studied , Basics of fencing tactics.

Special fencing preparation is an integral part of the versatile preparation; In a single educational preparatory process of fencers, there is a parallel harmonic development of skills and skills necessary in the further competitive practice. The main emphasis at this stage of preparation is made on the development of the force of will, willingness to combat actions.

With the help of exercises with a partner, as close as possible to the conditions of combat, training and training fights, there is a study of fencing techniques, taking into account the tactical aspect in temporary and spatial dependence on a partner. Special preparation serves as a comprehensive development of special fencing skills, improving the entire technical and tactical repertoire.

For the development of functional qualities, first of all, special exercises on the development of speed and high-speed endurance are served.

Preparation at the level of higher sportsmanship. The purpose of training at the level of higher sportsmanship is the achievement of higher sports results. Here you need the maximum development of skills and skills. At this stage, training of fencers are increasingly individualized. The athlete specializes in those actions that he best succeeds and exercises them on individual classes with a trainer. Improving and stabilization of combat skills is carried out mainly under conditions as close as possible to combat. At each stage of training, the athlete receives the necessary theoretical knowledge.

Despite the fact that fencing lessons have been not a mandatory element of education for a very long time, this sport is still popular at the young generation. After all, to all other pros, fencing classes allow children to feel like musketeers, medieval knights, or even movie stars.

What useful fencing for children? It develops coordination, because during classes, attacks are being worked out, children teach avoid strikes, move easily and quickly. During fencing classes, a muscular corset is well formed. Fencing makes all muscle groups work, is a good cardiovascular. Children learn to the feeling of distance, so fencing classes are also an excellent basis for other activities, such as other types of martial arts or shooting. At the same time, children's fencing is much less attempting than other martial arts. Damage is mainly associated with small bruises and bruises. Fencing teaches children to think. Fehetovockers are sometimes called "chess players with muscles", because this sport is developing intelligence, teaches children to think about every other effect, teaches tactical thinking. Moreover, in the field of fencing decisions, it is necessary to take a quick, otherwise the more high-speed and skillful opponent will overcome you. Probably, it is not necessary to explain how the ability to quickly make the right decisions will come in handy a child in the future.

Taking a fencing on the swords, the child will feel confidence in himself, his self-esteem will rise. In addition, the young fencer will also feel its uniqueness. After all, despite the fact that this is a very interesting, exciting and popular sport, parents much more often give their children to more common sections - swimming, gymnastics, ordinary types of struggle.

4-6 years old - the most suitable age in order to record a child in the fencing section. It is at this age that the child begins to think tactically, a quick response learns.

Do you want your child to be clever, strong, brave and smart? Create it to us, to the club 18 Fit, in the Children's Fencing section on the swords! Our coaches are professionals of their business, the masters of sports, champions of Russia and Europe.

Our club is located in Yuao Moscow, near the Metro Station Nagatinskaya, Kolomenskaya, Warsaw. Give your babies to us, and soon you will have another reason to be proud of your children!

Children's section of fencing on the swords

Create a child to our sword fencing section! These classes are incredibly useful for children. Talking fencing on the swords, the child will strengthen the muscular corset, he will learn forward to calculate his steps, and quickly make sure solutions. In addition, it is a very creative sport that develops creative thinking in children.

Our coaches are champions and winners of various competitions, including Russia and Europe, have long and successfully work with children. We are waiting for babies older than 4 years.

Our club is located in Moscow, not far from the metro stations Nagatinskaya and Kolomenskaya.

At the beginning of the XVI century, France, and then other European countries embraced the "duel fever", which raged on the continent of more than three centuries. Only for several decades of the reign of French king Henry IV duel led to the death of about ten thousand people, most of whom were related to the noble class. The main weapons of the duel fights of that time was the sword.

Sword. This very word is shrouded in romantic halo. Using it, as if they are transferred to the narrow streets of Paris or Seville to the world of arrogant and hot-tempered hidalgo and musketeers, so the masterks of the ingenious books of Dumas and Arturo Perez-Reversal. Without a doubt, the sword is the most "noble" cold weapon, the defender of the noble honor and the most faithful girlfriend of the Breaker.

It is believed that the sword appeared in about the middle of the XV century in Spain. It was very quickly popular not only in the army, but also as civic weapons of nobles or just wealthy people. Over time, the sword has become an indispensable attribute of any man from a noble class, and the fencing on the swords has become a beloved fun noble. No wonder in different countries of Europe (including in Russia) there was a custom of the so-called civil execution, during which the sword was crowned over his head.

It was the sword that made a huge contribution to the development of fencing. Since the duel on the swords was commonplace, then men from the younger years have learned to treat this weapon. Fencing lessons were commonplace, they were taken by men of the most different age. In Europe, even existed a very specific institution - fencing fraternities. These associations of professional fencers had an extensive network of branches, experienced instructors and a special system of passing exams.

Today, fencing on the swords is the Olympic sport, although it is necessary to recognize that the sporting battle on the swords is very different from the fencing festivals of the past. The same can be said about the design of a sports sword, which has little to do with the mushrooms with the blades.

Rapier is considered to be a further development of the sword. Translated from Spanish Espada Ropera literally means "sword for clothes", that is, weapons weapon with a civil suit. In other words, rapier was exclusively civil weapons intended for a predominantly stabbing strike. Such a lightweight version of the sword. In Russia, Rapiir is often called weapons with a faceted blade, intended for training fights. However, the main difference between the swords from the rapier is that the latter has never been a martial weapon.

It should be said that in this matter a lot of confusion. In historical sources, the same weapon can be called a sword, and rapiir. A similar situation is also observed in the popular literature (for example, in the "Three Musketeers"). Of course, the most common opinion is that the sword is a weapon that could have chopped the enemy, and Rapiir - only to apply injections. But, probably, the contemporaries were not too afraid into similar subtleties, so initially these names were synonymous, which later led to a noticeable confusion.

Description

The sword is a blade or piercing weapon with a narrow direct double-edged, single-rig or faceted blade and complex Garda. On average, the length of the blade was one meter, but there were more "dimensional" instances. Its section could be hexagon, triangular, oval, rhombic, concave. Weapon weight, as a rule, was about 1.5 kg.

The sword blade could have fools or ribs of stiffness. He ended up by a shank, which was mounted with a handle of a sword with a handicap and Garda. Popper Gardes are striking with their grace, complexity and diversity, some of them had devices to capture the enemy blade. Currently, this part of the sword is used to classify this weapon.

In fact, the battle sword was a somewhat lightweight sword with a narrow and flexible blade, calculated more than the injection than on the application of chopping strikes. It should also be added that in the design of this weapon, there is a lot of attention to protect the hand of a fencer. The evolution of the sword went along the way to its relief and gradual transformation into exclusively with a stitching weapon. Late sword blades could or completely absent, or not to hurry.

The classification of the sword is based on the size of the weapon blade, its weight, as well as on the features of the design of Ephesus. One of the most famous specialists in European cold-arms Evart Okshott divides the sword to three large groups:

• Heavy fighting swords (Reitschwert - from the German "rider sword"), which could be used both for applying strokes and for cutting;
• The lightest sword (Espada Ropera - from the Spanish "sword for clothing"), which had a blade, but because of the low weight it was not too suitable for applying chopping strikes. This type of weapon was popular in the XVI century, later he was supplanted with even easier swords;
• The third type of weapon, which received the English name Small Sword ("Small Sword"). Such swords appeared in the middle of the XVII century and were distinguished by a light faceted clin of small length.

History of sword

The sword is the further historical development of the sword. This statement absolutely does not mean that it is the best weapon than an old good sword, just at the time of his appearance it was more suitable for the changed conditions of warfare. On medieval battlefield battles of the sword would be useless, but in the era of the revival, it turned out to be a very effective combat tool.

The sword can be called the rust of firearms. Moreover, the birth of this weapon is associated with the widespread battles of guns and artillery on the European fields. Today there are several hypotheses regarding the causes of this weapon.

Some authors believe that the sword appeared in response to the further improvement of the Latt Armor, which became almost invulnerable for chopping strikes. Like, using a thin blade, it was possible to hit the enemy in heavy armor, causing strokes in their articulations. In theory, it may look beautiful, but in reality it seems almost impossible. The so-called Maximilian Armor had a degree of security, not inferior to modern skaters for deep-water dives. Again the enemy, protected by such an armor, in a real fight is extremely problematic.

Another theory looks like a more believable, according to which the swords appeared not to punish heavy armor, but because due to the appearance of firearms, heavy armor gradually went into the past. It did not make sense to carry an inconceivable amount of iron on themselves if it could not protect the fighter from the flying bullet. Heavy swords of late Middle Ages were just designed for the breakdown of such armor, after the reduction of protecting arms, they also became not needed. At that moment, the sword began his triumph campaign.

It should be said that an early heavy sword was not much different from the medieval sword, it was somewhat lighter and more elegant. Even additional protection of the hand of the fencer can be found in the swords of an earlier period. True, fencing technique, sharpened on the application of stitching strikes, led to a change in the grip of weapons. For its greater handling, the index finger went on the cross in the top and needed additional protection. In addition, at the same time, the wrestled metal gloves came out of the consideration, which prevented normally use firearms. So gradually handle the sword turned into that complex structure, according to which it can be unmistakably recognized among other blade weapons.

It is believed that the first swords appeared in Spain in about the middle of the XV century. This weapon very quickly has become popular among noble estate. The swords were easier than swords, so they were more convenient for everyday wearing. This weapon is richly decorated to emphasize the status of the owner, but at the same time it absolutely did not lose its fighting qualities. Already during this period, a division into combat and civil swords occurred. The last variety by the end of the XV century received its own name Espadas Roperas, which passed into other languages \u200b\u200band gave its own name to a new weapon - rapier.

By the way, in most languages \u200b\u200bof Europe there is no term "sword". This weapon wore (and wears) the name "Sword". In Spanish, Espada, in FRAVSOM - Épée, in English - Sword, and only the Germans gave the sword their own name - DeGen. Moreover, in German, DeGen also means the dagger, which gave some researchers to consider it precisely he was the predecessor of the sword.

The sword gradually spread to all the kind of troops, finally pusing his sword. The XVIII century can be called a period of flourishing of this weapon, then it gradually began to be out of the army with the executioners and sabers.

Civil swords were easier and already combat weapons, only their edges were raised. At the end of the XVII century, a short civil sword included in France, which, at the expense of its lightweight weight, allowed virtuoso movements with a blade. So the French fencing school appeared. At this time, the rapier and the sword becomes almost indistinguishable from each other and completely lose the score function. Reducing the mass of the sword occurred not only due to the decrease in its length and width, but also due to the fact that the blade became faceted. This is how a light civic sword appeared, which without any changes lived before the beginning of the 20th century.

Three-edged blades were most popular, although there were samples and six faces. Initially, the blades were made wide in the handle, it is believed that this part of the sword was intended to parry the opponent strikes. The classic narrow shape of the sword was finally acquired to the era of Napoleonic wars. It can be said that from this point on the evolution of the sword ended.

It should also be said that a light civic sword became a prototype of modern sports rapier, and basic sports fencing techniques are based on the receptions of the French school.

The civil sword was extremely popular weapons. She was worn by nobles, bourgeois, military in peacetime and even students. Wearing a sword for them were privilege, students received swords usually after graduation, but there were exceptions. For example, students of Moscow University received the right to wear this weapon after admission to the university.

German students not only with pleasure wearing swords, but also loved to use them in dueling fights. Moreover, young men in Prussia were extremely proud of scars obtained in such battles. Sometimes they specifically rubbed gunpowder so that notice remains for life.

In Russia, the swords tried to arm the shooting units, but this weapon did not fit. Later, it became massively used in parts of a new building, and Peter the first armed with the swords of the whole Russian infantry. But then the ordinary composition of the sword was replaced by half. The sword was left only to the officer corps and Guards Musketeers. In their design, the Russian swords did not differ from foreign analogues.

In the XIX century, the swords in the Russian army lose the meaning of combat weapons and gradually crowded with sabers. However, officers continue to wear them out, as a parade weapon. Up until 1917, the sword is a weapon of general and officers of the Kirassian regiments out of order, in addition, they are civil officials as an element of the front-end clothing.

Fencing

The appearance of the sword gave a powerful impetus to the development of fencing. It cannot be said that before that, the swords were cut, as they would have, but it was the ease of sword that significantly expand the arsenal of fencing techniques. Fencing schools appeared very quickly: Italian, Spanish, French, German. Each of them had its own features.

The Germans, for example, paid a lot of attention to chopping strikes, and as auxiliary weapon used a heavy gun, whose handle was struck by strikes, like a bangin.

In the Italian fencing school for the first time they made an emphasis on stitching shutters. It was in Italy that the principle was born "to kill the edge, not a blade". As an additional weapon, a special dagger was often used - Dagi. By the way, it is believed that the duels appeared in Italy, replacing medieval knightly tournaments and fights.

French fencing school spawned a light short sword and presented the world's basic techniques of handling her. It is it that underlies the modern sports fencing.

In England, during the fights, a special shield-caste or Dagi was often used.

The Spanish fencing school was named the name of Destration, which can be translated as "True Art" or "Mastery". It was taught not only to fight on the swords, but also to use such objects in battle as raincoat, Dagi, a small shield. The Spaniards paid attention not only to the skills of handling weapons, but also the moral development of the fighter, the philosophical aspects of military art.

Is it similar to the existing sports fencing on the real fight on the swords? There is an interesting statement that the modern master of sports fencing in the past fall, he would easily cope with any master of the Renaissance Epoch. Is it so?

The most important of the technical techniques of modern athletes is the attack on the lunge, which is almost completely absent in the ancient Italian and Spanish fencing schools. How would it be useful in real battle?

Attack on the fall makes a fencer stretch the rack. In this position, it is static, and it is difficult for him to defend against the enemy attacks. In sports fencing after the injection, the fight stops that, of course, it is impossible in real battle. At the same time, a single injection is absolutely not guaranteed victory over the enemy. In sports fencing, there are practically no protection, battles are held according to the principle of "who first hit, he took point." In the real battle, it is simply necessary to defend themselves, because the missed injection means not a loss of points, but the wound, and then death.

Moreover, in the arsenal of historical fencing schools, there were not only the protection of the blade, but also by the movements of the hull: sharp rebounds, care from the attack line, cutting the level change. In modern fencing departure to the side of the attack line and is at all a prohibited reception.

Now let's look at the weapons that modern athletes enjoy and compare it with the swords of old times. Modern sports sword is a flexible steel rod weighing 700-750 gr, the main task of this weapon in battle to achieve a light touch of the opponent's body. The swords of old masters could weigh up to 1.5 kg, this weapon could not only prick, but also chop, damping the enemy, for example, hands.

Even the fencing racks described in the old manuals are opposed to modern.

There is another myth, it is associated with the opposition of European and oriental fencing techniques. So they say, the Japanese is the real virtuosos of ownership of cold weapons, and the Europeans won their rivals in the fights only at the expense of physical strength and endurance.

This is not entirely true. The development of Japanese fencing art can be divided into two large stages: before the eve of the EDO and after it. Early periods of the history of the country of the rising sun were remembered by almost incessant internecine wars, in which the warriors fought on the battlefield using long tati swords and severe armor. Fencing technique was very simple and corresponded to the one that was used in medieval Europe.

After the occurrence of the EDO era, the situation changes dramatically. There is a refusal of heavy armor and long swords. Katana becomes new mass weapons, which leads to the emergence of new fencing equipment, complex and sophisticated. Here you can spend direct analogies with Europe, where there were similar processes: a heavy combat sword changed the sword. It was the appearance of this weapon that led to the emergence of highly complex fencing schools, such as Spanish Destration, for example. If you judge the written sources that have reached us, the European fencing systems have little inferior eastern. Although, of course, had its own features.

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