Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve: animals and plants. Why is the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve famous? Animals and plants of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve what animals live there

Moscow region. Reserve Prioksko-Terrasny — Plants and Animals

Address: Moscow region, Serpukhov district, pos. Danky Danky

The terraced plain of the reserve has a gentle slope from north to south. A characteristic element of the relief of the northern and central areas is karst funnels of close occurrence of carboniferous limestones. The lower (southern) terraces are sandy, they form shafts and hills (Turkish and Ponikovsky shafts), curved in arcs, 3 km long.
The terrace steps gave the name to the Prioksky Reserve.

Reserve Prioksko-Terrasny - south of the Moscow region - created in 1945 - area 4.9 thousand hectares

The reserve is located on the southern slope of the Oka River valley and includes floodplain terraces and part of the watershed.

“Drunk Hillock” - so named because the sand heats up so much during the day that during the day it is impossible to walk on it without shoes, but at night, drunk people can sleep on the sand without the risk of freezing.

About 92% of the area is occupied by forest. Pine forests with lichen, pine forests with green moss and grasses predominate.

There are also pine forests with an admixture of steppe species and spruce-pine forests.

Oak - pine forests are found in the basin; spruce forests - in the valleys of small rivers. orv broad-leaved and linden-oak forests have been preserved on the territory of the reserve.

Half of the area of ​​the reserve is covered with birch and aspen.

Sphagnum bogs can be found here.

The meadow steppe is of interest, with over 50 species southern plants, including European feather grass, hazel grouse Ruthenica, Kozelts purple - they are called the "flora of the Oka".

Plants are the pride of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve

Cypripedium calceolus - real slipper

Stipa pennata - feather grass

Purple goat - Scorzonera purpurea

Russian hazel grouse - Fritillaria ruthenica

Hellebore black - Veratrum nigrum

Veronica gray-haired - Veronica incana

Clematis straight - Clematis recta

Ruysh snakehead - Dracocephalum ruyschiana

In the ancient steppe forests grow: dyed gorse, broom, heath sedge, and on the tops of sandy hills and ramparts - deer, forest and alpine cladonia.

In the pine-linden-oak forests there is an admixture of maple and an abundant undergrowth of hazel, warty euonymus, viburnum, and honeysuckle.

Blue tit - a genus of tits

The reserve includes lingonberry, blueberry, sour pine forests; on the relic sphagnum bog - cranberries and blueberries, thickets of wild rosemary, sundew, podbel, cinquefoil grows.

Warblers (Sylviidae)

The community of meadow steppes is characterized by: fescue, strawberry, annual gill, blood-red geranium, steppe cherry, purple goat.

Zopnik tuberous - Phlómis tubérosa of the Lamiaceae family

The vegetation includes more than 800 species of higher plants, including rare ones (a kind of military orchid).

The fauna is typical for the center of the Russian Plain - the territory of the elk, red deer, wild boar, fox.

Here also appear the marten, weasel, badger; wolf, lynx, European mink, and also otter.

river otter

The roe deer was transferred to the reserve, and the beaver was re-acclimatized.

Sika deer and raccoon dog are also acclimatized in the reserve.

There is a bison nursery. Bison and bison are a special pride of the reserve

There are 100 species of birds, passerines predominate. Other common species are goshawk, sparrow hawk, black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse, gray partridge, long-eared owl, horned owl, little owl, pygmy owl, tawny owl, green woodpecker, grey-headed woodpecker, zhelna, great spotted woodpecker, white-backed woodpecker, Middle Spotted Woodpecker, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Jay, Magpie, Hooded Crow, Raven, Waxwing, Yellow-headed Kinglet.

funnel

26 species of Red Book birds of the Moscow region: These are: the diurnal predatory osprey Pandion haliaetus, the common honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, the black kite Milvus migrans Bodd, the field and meadow harrier Circus cyaneus and Circus pygargus, the dwarf eagle Hieraetus pennatus, the greater spotted eagle Aquila clanga, the Falco subbuteo , great snipe Gallinago media , stockhead Columba oenas , eagle owl Bubo bubo , scops Otus scops , little owl Athene noctua , Roller owl Coracias garrulus , kingfisher Alcedo atthis , hoopoe Upupa epops , green Picus viridis , grey-haired Picus canus , white-backed Dendrocopos leucotos , medium , three-toed Picoides tridactylus, woodpeckers and 5 species of passerines - forest lark Lullula arborea, gray shrike Lanius excubitor, nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes, hawk warbler Sylvia nisoria, blue tit Parus cyanus.

There are some rare invertebrates: swallowtail (butterfly's name), butterfly moths, etc.

The reserve has the status of a biosphere reserve, and is named after Mikhail Zablotsky, the founder of the bison nursery.

Karpova Polyana - 3 km to Dankov - buses No. 25 and 31 run

tulip bieberstein

Burachok Gmelin

Sleep-grass (Pulsatilla open) -

41 species remain for wintering in the bird sanctuary, including field thrush, long-tailed tit, brown-headed tit, crested tit, moskovka, common tit, great tit, common nuthatch, common pika, house sparrow, field sparrow, siskin, black-headed goldfinch, common tap dance, common crossbill, common bullfinch, common bunting.

Among bats ( the bats): long-eared bat, Natterer's night bat, two-tone leather and mustachioed evening, pond, water, red, small.

Pleshakov 3rd grade part 1. Workbook

1. Mark in the boxes with a “-” sign the negative impact of man on nature, and a positive impact with a “+” sign.

Tell, using the diagram, about the impact of man on nature.

No matter what a person does, he always has an impact on the nature around him. This impact can be both positive and negative.
For example, predatory deforestation, air and water pollution from the waste of large industrial enterprises, or even shooting birds with a slingshot causes great harm to nature.
On the other hand, a person can benefit and help nature: plant trees, install purification plants and filters in industrial enterprises so that they do not pollute environment, and also make bird feeders with your own hands.

2. Recognize the disappeared animals from the drawings in the Appendix. Cut out the pictures and paste them on this page. Sign.

Can you, on behalf of people, ask for forgiveness from these animals? Write.

I apologize for all the people who exterminated the species of these wonderful animals.

3. Compare the two descriptions. What are the specially protected areas? Point with arrows.

4. With the help of the book “Encyclopedia of travel. Countries of the World” fill in the table (choose three countries of your choice).

5. Seryozha and Nadia's mother went on a scientific expedition in one of the reserves. Here is the task she has prepared for you.

Not far from Moscow there is a wonderful place - the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve. Having solved the crossword puzzle, you will find out what plants and animals are found there.

Bison, wild boar, linden, pine, black grouse, spruce, oak, deer, fox, badger.

6. Read the appeal of Seryozha and Nadia to all boys and girls.

Dear friends!

Let's try to live in such a way that the land around us remains generous and beautiful, so that clean streams murmur on it, flowers bloom, butterflies fly, birds sing. And so that we should not be ashamed in front of them for ourselves and our actions.

Can you join this appeal? If so, try to express the same thoughts in a drawing.

Look what your classmates drew. Discuss together how you can help nature.

7. Find out from adults and write down which reserves, National parks is in your area.

Togul National Park and Altai Reserve (Altai Territory)

In the middle of the 20th century (1948), a decision was made to transform a large nature reserve located in the Moscow region into five independent enterprises. In difficult times for the reserve business (1951) in the Moscow region, 4 reserves were abolished. Since that time, the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve has been the only one in the Moscow region.

It is included in the network of major biosphere reserves of UNESCO. In February 1979, he received the appropriate certificate.

From the history of the complex

Prioksko-Terrasny biosphere reserve began its activity in June 1945, first as part of the reserve complex.

After receiving the biospheric status, its tasks expanded significantly, therefore, in 1984, a background monitoring station was created here, the main task of which was meteorological observations and the identification of pollutants and harmful substances that could enter the territory.

In the early 1970s, the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve began to conduct environmental monitoring at a higher, ecosystem level.

Tasks

Many of our readers know how similar organizations work in different parts of our country. If you are interested in what the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve is famous for, then first, let's find out what tasks were set for this organization.

First of all, this is the preservation of a unique natural complex characteristic of this territory.

Stationary study of the ecosystems of this reserve and adjacent territories. Restoration and conservation of natural fauna and flora.

Study, breeding and resettlement in the places of the former habitat of the European bison.

As you can see, even on the basis of the tasks set, certain conclusions can be drawn about what the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve is famous for.

During its long history, it has carried out the task of restoring rare and preserving species typical of this region. The result of this complex and multifaceted work was a significant enrichment of the fauna of the Moscow region.

The native species of these places - the beaver - was almost completely exterminated in the center by the beginning of the 20th century. In 1948, 4 individuals of beavers were brought to the protected area from the reserve of the city of Voronezh. Seven years later (1955), the population was replenished by 2 more pairs of Belarusian origin.

In 1962, these animals began to be resettled. Already in 1973, a South Moscow population appeared, numbering 110 beavers in 30 settlements. In October 2003, outside the reserve, in the Serpukhov district, there were already 68 settlements of these animals numbering 329 individuals.

Climatic conditions

The Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve, a photo of which you can see in this article, has a temperate continental climate. In this region, winters are moderately frosty, and summers are warm. On average, the annual air temperature does not rise above -3.9 °C. The hottest month is July (+17.7°C), the coldest month is January (10.5°C). Temperature maximum - +38 °C, minimum - -43 °C. No more than 500 mm of precipitation falls per year. The thickness of the snow cover, which appears at the end of November and disappears in April, is 55 cm.

Relief

Terraced plain, gently sloping from north to south. The relief of the terraces is flattened. A characteristic element of this relief of the central and northern parts of the reserve are karst funnels, which occur in places where carboniferous limestones lie close.

The relief of the southern terraces is characterized by hills and sandy banks, which rise 10-15 meters above the lower, neighboring areas.

Hydrology

The territory of the reserve is not distinguished by a large number of reservoirs. Several small rivers flow here, there are low-water lakes and a few swamps. Most major rivers- Ponikovka and Todenka, which originates outside the reserve, its length is about 9 km, width is about 4 m.

Of the lakes, the largest are Sirnovskoye and Protovskoye. In the summer heat, the lakes almost dry up completely. Bogs occupy an insignificant part of the territory (no more than 1%).

Animals of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve

Native species - roe deer, which was completely exterminated in the region by late XIX century. To restore it, 2 pairs of these animals were brought to the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve in 1948. They were released in 1950. By the beginning of 1957, the number of these animals in the reserve reached a record figure - 63. From that moment, roe deer began to be settled on the territory of the Chekhov and Serpukhov regions.

In 1967, the restored roe deer population near Moscow numbered 157 individuals. In February 2008, the livestock already numbered 170 individuals. This species has been quite successfully reintroduced and returned to the hunting fauna.

Moose

Answering the question: "What is the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve famous for?", we can safely say: "The increase in the population of elks." Before this species was very rare in these places. After the war, there was a rapid increase in numbers. Its peak was in the middle of 1961 - 1300 animals in the Serpukhov region, including 300 inhabited the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve.

Due to the high population density of animals, problems have arisen with the state of the forest, as well as the state of moose in the southern suburbs. A mass death and the appearance of epizootics began. After a detailed study of the situation, the zoologist of the reserve L.V. Zablotskaya insisted on regulating the number of moose by shooting. In the winter of 1961, 101 animals were shot in the reserve and 128 in the Serpukhov region. As a result, the population remained at the acceptable level for several years.

The most common of the predatory inhabitants of the reserve is the fox. In addition, 11 various kinds predatory mammals, 7 of which live permanently on this earth.

Chiroptera (bats) are represented by 11 species. Among them are Natterer's night bats, ear bats, water, pond, red, small and others.

The population of the white hare is quite numerous, the brown hare can be found less often. After a long absence, the beaver was returned, and he settled with pleasure on the reserved rivers.

bison

Among the mammals inhabiting the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve, bison, or rather, one of their species - Bison bonasus L. - is listed in the International Red Book, as well as in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

In 1948, M. A. Zablotsky created a bison nursery. Its purpose is to breed bison for recovery rare species. The nursery was given the following tasks:

• raising young animals and releasing them into the wild in the places of the former habitat of the species, transferring strong and healthy individuals to other zoos and nurseries;
• expansion and preservation of the bison gene pool.
• scientific research on ecology, biology, ethology of bison;
• improvement and development of new methods of keeping and breeding bison in captivity, as well as in natural conditions.

The nursery is spread over an area of ​​200 hectares. For bison, the conditions are as close to natural as possible. The area of ​​the nursery is divided into equal paddocks. They are surrounded by a wire mesh and connected by long corridors.

Each such corral contains a family of bison. It consists of a male, 5 (rarely 4) females and young animals up to 10 months old. Then the bison are separated from their mothers and create a "youth" herd.

At the end of 2009, 328 excellent purebred bison were grown in the nursery and sent to different regions of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and other countries.

The nursery conducts serious research on the biology and ethology of the bison. In addition, the Central Bison Nursery trains and trains highly qualified specialists, who then successfully work in other centers.

For comparative studies, the nursery contains a group of American bison.

Flora

If you have not yet understood what the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve is famous for, the photos posted in special publications will help you to consider the luxurious nature of these places. There are more than 950 different plant species in the reserve.

Of the trees, pine, oak, linden, aspen, spruce, and birch are especially common. Such mixed forests occupy about 93% of the entire territory of the reserve.

In more ancient, steppe forests, dyeing gorse, gray-haired speedwell, broom, sedge, etc. grow.

Lime-pine-oak forests have an admixture of maple, as well as an undergrowth of spindle tree, hazel, honeysuckle, viburnum, etc.

There are many berry crops inhabiting the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve. Plants of this group - bilberry, lingonberry, sour, as well as cranberries and blueberries are most often found in the northern pine forests of the reserve.

Birds

There are a lot of birds in the reserve. In mixed forests, they choose the most suitable tiers for themselves, where their chicks are safe, they are reliably protected from enemies and where it is easier to get food. For example, the nests of large predators are on the crowns big trees located in the first tier.

Smaller birds that feed on insects settle on the second tier or in the undergrowth, and the eagle owl builds nests on the ground. Here you can meet great tits and finches, redstart and forest pipit, nuthatch and ratchet warbler, blackbird and European dawn and many others.

Secured territory

In order to reduce the impact of the active on the natural complex of the reserve, a buffer zone was created. Its territory is quite extensive - an area of ​​​​4710 hectares with a width of 2 km. It includes the floodplain of the Oka, the forest quarters surrounding the territory.

In this zone, unlike the reserve, limited economic activity. Forestry is allowed, while clear-cutting is prohibited. Agricultural work is allowed in the floodplain of the Oka (it is forbidden to plow new lands). In addition, excavation, mining and development of mineral deposits, construction of any kind of roads and premises for any purpose is prohibited. The conditions for fishing and hunting must be additionally agreed with the administration.

Pedagogical activity

The reserve is an excellent scientific base for many universities of the capital, as well as educational institutions Russia. Students of various faculties and branches of Moscow State University, the Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy are trained here. Here, students of the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University gain experience. In addition, specialists from various research institutes work here. In the reserve there is also an activity for young naturalists - students of lyceums and schools.

Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve: visitor reviews

According to those who have visited this wonderful place, it was created for lovers and connoisseurs of nature. Everyone is fascinated by the amazing and rare nowadays opportunity to see the pristine beauty of the Moscow region and unique, sometimes on the verge of extinction, plant and animal species.

Visitors are pleased that on their walks around the reserve they are accompanied by experienced guides who are fascinating, knowledgeable about animals and plants.

Many complain that it is too far to walk to the bison nursery and advise the administration to organize some kind of transport to move around the territory.

The Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve, without a doubt, can be called an untouched corner wildlife which is located near Moscow. Wikipedia contains data that it was organized in June 1945, just about ten kilometers from Serpukhov, the protected area allows the maintenance of a wide variety of species of both plants and animals.

It is the only reserve that has remained in the Moscow region. What is famous for the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve - this will be discussed in this article.

It is located on the left bank of the Oka River, where ancient limestone terraces are located, partially covered with sand, after which the reserve was named.

This territory is famous for the fact that there are places with steppe vegetation on it, which are located much further north than the usual range of the steppe zone. Steppe areas are interspersed with pine forests.

In contact with

Getting to know plants

Among the rare and beautiful views, growing in the reserve and listed in the Red Book, it is worth noting:

1. 1. Chess grouse. This plant is considered the most famous representative of the Ryabchikov genus. It got its name because of the spotty coloration, which is similar to the plumage of the bird of the same name. The flowers, shaped like a drooping bell, are painted in a brown-reddish hue with an original checkerboard pattern.

perennial bulbous plant The checkered hazel grouse reaches a height of 30-35 cm and blooms in two to three weeks from April to May

1. 1. Russian hazel grouse is a herbaceous bulbous plant about half a meter high. A slightly flattened bulb reaches a diameter of 2 cm. Almost filiform thin upper leaves are twisted around the circumference. Purple-brown flowers have greenish stripes along the petals. Flowering occurs at the beginning of May.
   2. Orchids (the so-called northern ones): helmet-bearing and burnt orchid, yellow or real lady's slipper, neottiant clobuch, Trauntenstein palmate. All varieties of northern orchids cause genuine surprise, but the lady's slipper is yellow or real. The original flower of this orchid consists of a yellow lip and brown-red tepals. These types of orchids must be treated very carefully and reverently, since they are extremely rare in nature.

The height of the Venus slipper plant can be from 25 to 50 cm

1. Feather feathery. The height of this perennial plant can vary from 30 to 80 cm. Leaf blades reach a width of 2 mm. Flowering time is in late spring and early summer.

Getting to know the animals

In the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, located in the Moscow region (Serpukhov district), a large number of invertebrates like no other. These are about 250 species of spiders and more than 600 species of butterflies.

Among all this diversity, it is worth highlighting the spectacular and large butterfly of this territory, which is listed in the Red Book and is part of the Sailfish family.

The swallowtail is named after the character by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. Greek mythology doctor Machaon

This is an ordinary swallowtail, whose wings are painted in an intense yellow hue. The front of the wings has a black stripe, spots and veins. The back part has elongations up to 1 cm and is colored in yellow, blue.

Also on the back of the wings is a reddish-brown eye surrounded by a black stripe. The wingspan of the swallowtail is from 6.5 to 9.5 cm.

famous bison

In 1948, the Central Nursery for breeding purebred bison, restoring its population and returning it to nature was established here.

The bison, considered practically a contemporary of the mammoth, is the largest ungulate living on the European continent.

For these representatives, almost 200 hectares of forest territory have been allocated, which is separated from the rest of the reserve by a chain-link fence.

The height of this animal is about two meters, and the length can vary from three to three and a half meters. The weight of an adult bison reaches almost a ton. The body of this forest bull is covered with soft, thick and long hair. It adds stateliness and power to the bison.

It is interesting that the voice of this large animal is somewhat reminiscent of a uterine grunt, which is poorly combined with the general impressive appearance. The first mention of bison dates back to the third century BC. This forest animal has always been a symbol of the forces of nature and was often worshiped.

Worth knowing: this is the only species that has been restored and returned to nature, in this moment this species is carefully protected. A large number of nurseries and zoological gardens around the world participated in these works. Now all over the world there are almost four and a half thousand of these animals and three thousand of them live in natural conditions.

The life span of males is 19-20 years, while females can live up to 30 years. Bison begin to bear cubs at the age of three. The entire gestation period for bison is almost nine months.

Most bisons are born in May-June

The main diet of these animals consists of herbaceous and woody crops. Most of all bison like acorns, thin shoots with leaves of oak, aspen and willow, as well as the bark of young trees.

In the summer, these animals are fed with mixed fodder and other feeds. In the cold period, cut beets, carrots and dried grass are added to this. Be sure to have salt with mineral additives in each part of the corral. Small bison begin to feed at the age of two months.

It includes a visit to the Central Bison Nursery, where you can watch the animals from a tower about five meters high. Also during this excursion you can see deer and bison.

Formally, the local climate is considered alien to the sika deer.

More detailed information about the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, opening hours, travel methods, ticket prices, as well as a list and pictures of plants and living animals, etc. can be found on the official website http://pt-zapovednik.ru

Watch the video, which tells about the features of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve:

HOW TO GET TO: Kursk railway station, st. Serpukhov

THE ADDRESS: Moscow region, Serpukhov district, Danki village

Not far from the city of Serpukhov, in the Moscow region, there is the Prioksko-Terrasny State Natural Biosphere Reserve. It is unique for the south of the Moscow region. The reserve was founded in 1945, the area is about 5000 hectares. Most of the area of ​​this natural park capital is covered with forests.

The Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve includes two zones: taiga, swamps, and steppe meadows surrounded by pine forests and oak forests. Taiga is, first of all, firs, lichens, lingonberries and blueberries.

Marshes - wild rosemary, Siberian buzulnik, blueberries, cloudberry cranberries, sphang moss, meadow steppe - Russian hazel grouse, dyeing gorse. Feather grass and iris grow on steppe meadows.

Pine forests and oak forests grow in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, which are mixed with bird cherry and steppe cherry. The pearl of the reserve - 9 species of orchids, which are listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region

Here is such a unique combination of flora you will meet in this reserve of Moscow. The fauna of the reserve is also quite rich in its inhabitants.

Here you can meet capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse, hawk, kite, warbler, chaffinch and other bird species. And what wonderful mushroom places here! Two small rivers flow through the territory of the reserve: Ponikovka and Tadenka.

There are also several lakes here, but in the hot season they dry up. Water lilies grow in the lakes, which float to the water surface with the sunrise, and sink again in the evening.

This natural area is the basis for various scientific research. Guests of the reserve should be aware that it is forbidden to collect plants for various collections, as well as mushrooms, nuts, flowers and other types of plants and their fruits.

You can not graze livestock, mow grass and engage in fishing. The Museum of Nature is located on the territory of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve.

This is a small wooden house that "hides" in the lilac thickets behind a brick building. It has three exhibits. By visiting this museum, you will learn a lot of interesting things about the life of the reserve itself and its inhabitants.

There is a small souvenir shop in the “Excursion Bureau” house, so you won’t leave the reserve empty-handed. There are no food problems in this wonderful park.

In the cafe you will be offered tea, ruddy pies or something more substantial. During the tour, you can film or photograph the surroundings. natural world, so the memories of visiting this place of rest of the capital will remain in your memory for a long time.

In the city of Serpukhov, which is located nearby, you can see such historical sights as the building of the Serpukhov Kremlin, as well as monasteries.

In the Moscow region there are also such recreational places as the Arkhangelskoye estate and Khlebnikovsky forest park, which will also be very interesting to visit. Losiny Ostrov is located on the border with the city - also the most beautiful place in Moscow.