A tale about animals or plants of your land. Clear sheet

In my distant childhood, I read the story of Boris Zhitkov "On the Ice" and remembered it for a long time. Few people pay attention to the author in childhood. I didn't know for a long time either.

B.S. Zhitkova

Boris Stepanovich Zhitkov occupies a special place among children's writers. His stories are taken from life. Therefore, they are easy to read and remember for a long time. The most popular among young (and adult) readers are: "Stories about animals", "What I saw" and "What happened"

We have selected short stories from the Animal Stories series. They are perfect for preschoolers. Zhitkov's stories are interesting to listen to and easy to retell. Reading preschoolers and pupils primary grades read it themselves.

Stories about animals Zhitkov

Brave duckling

Every morning the hostess brought out a full plate of chopped eggs to the ducklings. She put the plate near the bush, and she left.

As soon as the ducklings ran up to the plate, suddenly a large dragonfly flew out of the garden and began to circle over them.

She chirped so terribly that the frightened ducklings ran away and hid in the grass. They were afraid that the dragonfly would bite them all.

And the evil dragonfly sat down on a plate, tasted the food and then flew away. After that, the ducklings did not come to the plate for the whole day. They were afraid that the dragonfly would come again. In the evening, the hostess removed the plate and said: "It must be that our ducklings are sick, they are not eating anything." She didn’t know that the ducklings went to bed hungry every night.

Once their neighbor, a little duck Alyosha, came to visit the ducklings. When the ducklings told him about the dragonfly, he began to laugh.

Well, brave men! - he said. - I alone will drive this dragonfly away. You will see tomorrow.

You are bragging, - said the ducklings, - tomorrow you will be the first to be scared and run.

The next morning, the hostess, as always, put the plate of chopped eggs on the ground and left.

Well, look, - said the brave Alyosha, - now I will fight with your dragonfly.

He had just said this, when suddenly a dragonfly buzzed. Right from above, she flew onto the plate.

The ducklings wanted to run away, but Alyosha was not afraid. Before the dragonfly had time to sit on the plate, Alyosha grabbed her by the wing with his beak. She escaped with a force and flew away with a broken wing.

Since then, she never flew into the garden, and the ducklings ate their fill every day. They not only ate themselves, but also treated the brave Alyosha for saving them from the dragonfly.

Hunter and dogs

Early in the morning the hunter got up, took a gun, cartridges, a bag, called his two dogs and went to shoot hares.

There was a bitter frost, but there was no wind at all. The hunter was skiing and warmed up from walking. He felt warm.

The dogs ran ahead and chased the hares to the hunter. The hunter deftly shot and filled five pieces. Then he noticed that he had gone far.

“It's time to go home,” thought the hunter. “You can see traces from my skis, and before it gets dark, I'll follow the tracks home. I'll cross the ravine, and it's not far there.”

He went down and saw that in the ravine it was black-black from jackdaws. They were sitting right in the snow. The hunter realized that the matter was amiss.

And it’s true: he had just left the ravine when the wind blew, it snowed, and a blizzard began. There was nothing to be seen ahead, the tracks were covered with snow. The hunter whistled the dogs.

"If the dogs do not lead me out onto the road," he thought, "I’m lost. I don’t know where to go, I’ll get lost, it will bring me in snow, and I’ll freeze."

He let the dogs go ahead, and the dogs will run away five steps - and the hunter cannot see where to follow them. Then he took off his belt, untied all the straps and ropes that were on him, tied the dogs by the collar and let them go forward. The dogs dragged him, and he came to his village on skis, like on a sleigh.

He gave each dog a whole hare, then took off his shoes and lay down on the stove. And he kept thinking:

"If it weren't for the dogs, I would have disappeared today."

Bear

In Siberia, in a dense forest, in the taiga, a Tungus hunter lived with his whole family in a leather tent. Once he went out of the house to break firewood, he sees: on the ground there are traces of a moose elk. The hunter was overjoyed, ran home, took his gun and knife and said to his wife:

Don't wait back soon - I'll go for the elk.

So he followed the tracks, suddenly he sees more tracks - bearish. And where the elk's tracks lead, there the bear's ones lead.

"Hey," thought the hunter, "I'm not alone after the elk, the bear is driving the elk in front of me. I can't catch them. The bear will catch the elk before me."

After all, the hunter followed the trail. I walked for a long time, I already ate all the stock that I took from home with me, but everything goes on and on. The footprints began to rise up the mountain, but the forest does not thin out, still the same dense.

The hunter is hungry, exhausted, but everything goes and looks under his feet, as if not to lose traces. And along the way, pines lie, piled up by a storm, stones overgrown with grass. The hunter is tired, stumbles, barely pulls his legs. And everything looks: where is the grass crushed, where is the ground pressed by a deer hoof?

"I have already climbed high," the hunter thinks, "where is the end of this mountain."

Suddenly he hears: someone is chomping. The hunter hid and crawled quietly. And I forgot that I was tired, where the strength came from. The hunter crawled, crawled and now he sees: there are very few trees, and here the end of the mountain - it converges at an angle - there is a cliff on the right and a cliff on the left. And in the very corner lies a huge bear, gnawing at the elk, grumbled, chomp and does not smell the hunter.

"Aha, - thought the hunter, - you drove the elk here, into the very corner, and then you bit him. Stop!"

The hunter got up, knelt down and began to aim at the bear.

Then the bear saw him, got scared, wanted to run, ran to the edge, and there was a cliff. The bear roared. Then the hunter fired a gun at him and killed him.

The hunter tore the skin off the bear, and cut the meat and hung it on a tree so that the wolves would not get it. The hunter ate bear meat and hurry home.

He folded the tent and went with the whole family, where he left the bear meat.

Here, - said the hunter to his wife, - eat, and I will rest.

How an elephant saved its owner from a tiger

The Indians have tame elephants. One Hindu went with an elephant to the forest for firewood.

The forest was deaf and wild. The elephant trampled the owner's way and helped to cut down the trees, while the owner loaded them onto the elephant.

Suddenly the elephant stopped obeying its owner, began to look around, shake its ears, and then raised its trunk and roared.

The owner also looked around, but did not notice anything.

He became angry with the elephant and beat him on the ears with a branch.

And the elephant bent its trunk with a hook in order to lift the owner onto his back. The owner thought: "I'll sit on his neck - so it will be even more convenient for me to rule them."

He sat on the elephant and began whipping the elephant over the ears with a branch. And the elephant backed up, stomped and twisted its trunk. Then he froze and became alert.

The owner raised the branch to hit the elephant with all his might, but suddenly a huge tiger jumped out of the bushes. He wanted to attack the elephant from behind and jump on its back.

But he hit the wood with his paws, the wood fell. The tiger wanted to jump another time, but the elephant had already turned, grabbed the tiger with its trunk across the belly, squeezed it like a thick rope. The tiger opened its mouth, stuck out its tongue and shook its paws.

And the elephant already lifted him up, then slammed down on the ground and began to trample with his feet.

And the elephant's legs are like pillars. And the elephant trampled the tiger into a cake. When the owner came to his senses from fear, he said:

What a fool I am to beat an elephant! And he saved my life.

The owner took the bread that he had prepared for himself from the bag and gave it all to the elephant.

Jackdaw

The brother and sister had a tame jackdaw. She ate from her hands, let herself be stroked, flew free and flew back.

Once the sister began to wash. She took the ring off her hand, put it on the sink and lathered her face with soap. And when she rinsed the soap, she looked: where is the ring? But there is no ring.

She shouted to her brother:

Give back the ring, don't tease! Why did you take it?

I didn’t take anything, ”my brother answered.

The sister quarreled with him and cried.

Grandma heard.

What have you got here? - is talking. - Give me glasses, now I will find this ring.

We rushed to look for glasses - no glasses.

I just put them on the table, - the grandmother cries. - Where can they go? How am I now threading a needle?

And she screamed at the boy.

It's your business! Why are you teasing grandma?

The boy got offended and ran out of the house. He looked - and a jackdaw was flying over the roof, and something glittered under its beak. Looked closely - yes, these are glasses! The boy hid behind a tree and began to look. And the jackdaw sat on the roof, looked around to see if anyone could see, and began to push the glasses on the roof with its beak into the slot.

Grandmother came out onto the porch, said to the boy:

Tell me where are my glasses?

On the roof! the boy said.

The grandmother was surprised. And the boy climbed onto the roof and pulled out of the slot of his grandmother's glasses. Then he pulled out the ring. And then he took out the glass, and then there are many different pieces of money.

The grandmother was delighted with the glasses, and the sister said the ring to her brother:

Forgive me, I was thinking at you, and this is a thief jackdaw.

And they made up with their brother.

Grandma said:

These are all of them, jackdaws and magpies. What glitters, everything is dragged.

Wolf

One collective farmer woke up early in the morning, looked out the window at the yard, and in his yard there was a wolf. The wolf stood near the barn and scraped the door with its paw. There were sheep in the barn.

The collective farmer grabbed a shovel and into the yard. He wanted to hit the wolf on the head from behind. But the wolf instantly turned and caught the shovel by the handle with his teeth.

The collective farmer began to pull the shovel from the wolf. It was not so! The wolf gripped his teeth so tightly that he couldn't pull it out.

The collective farmer began to call for help, but at home they were sleeping, they did not hear.

"Well," the collective farmer thinks, "the wolf will not hold the shovel for a century; but when he lets go, I will break his head with a shovel."

And the wolf began to touch the handle with his teeth and closer and closer to the collective farmer ...

“Start the shovel?” The collective farmer thinks. “The wolf will also throw the shovel at me. I won't have time to escape.”

And the wolf is getting closer and closer. The collective farmer sees: things are bad - so the wolf will soon grab the hand.

The collective farmer got together with all his strength and how he would throw the wolf with a shovel over the fence, and quickly into the hut.

The wolf ran away. And the collective farmer at home woke everyone up.

After all, - he says, - under your window the wolf almost got stuck. Eco sleep!

How, - asks the wife, - did you manage?

And I, - says the collective farmer, - threw him over the fence.

The wife looked, and behind the fence a shovel; all gnawed by wolf teeth

Evening

The cow Masha is going to look for her son, a calf Alyoshka. You can't see him anywhere. Where did he go? It's time to go home.

And the calf Alyoshka ran over, tired, lay down in the grass. The grass is tall - you can't see Alyoshka.

The cow Masha was frightened that her son Alyoshka was gone, but how he will blur that there is strength:

At home, Masha was milked, they drank a whole bucket of fresh milk. We poured Alyosha into a bowl:

Drink, Alyoshka.

Alyoshka was delighted - he had wanted milk for a long time - he drank everything to the bottom and licked the bowl with his tongue.

Alyoshka got drunk, he wanted to run around the yard. As soon as he ran, suddenly a puppy jumped out of the booth - and well, bark at Alyoshka. Alyoshka got scared: this is true, scary beast, if it barks so loudly. And he started to run.

Alyoshka ran away, and the puppy did not bark anymore. It became quiet all around. Alyoshka looked - no one was there, everyone went to bed. And I wanted to sleep myself. I lay down and fell asleep in the yard.

The cow Masha also fell asleep on the soft grass.

The puppy fell asleep at his booth - he was tired, barking all day.

The boy Petya also fell asleep in his crib - he was tired, he ran all day.

And the bird has long since fallen asleep.

She fell asleep on a branch and hid her head under the wing so that it was warmer to sleep. I'm tired too. I flew all day, caught midges.

Everyone fell asleep, everyone is asleep.

Only the night wind does not sleep.

It rustles in the grass and rustles in the bushes.

Stray cat

I lived by the sea and fished. I had a boat, nets and different fishing rods. There was a booth in front of the house, and a huge dog on a chain. Shaggy, all in black spots, - Ryabka. He guarded the house. I fed him with fish. I was working with a boy, and there was no one around for three miles. Ryabka was so used to talking to him, and he understood very simple things. You ask him: "Ryabka, where is Volodya?" The grouse will wag its tail and turn its face where Volodka has gone. The air pulls in the nose, and always true. Sometimes you came from the sea with nothing, and Ryabka was waiting for the fish. Stretches out on a chain, squeals.

You turn to him and say angrily:

Our business is bad, Ryabka! Here's how ...

He will sigh, lie down and put his head on his paws. He doesn’t ask, he understands.

When I went to sea for a long time, I always patted Ryabka on the back and persuaded him to guard well. And now I want to move away from him, and he will stand on his hind legs, pull on the chain and grab me with his paws. Yes, so tight - will not let. He does not want to be alone for a long time: both boring and hungry.

It was a good dog!

But I didn't have a cat, and the mice overpowered me. Hang the nets, so they will crawl into the nets, get entangled and gnaw through the threads, screw up. I found them in the nets - the other gets confused and gets caught. And at home they steal everything, whatever they put it.

So I went to town. I think I'll get myself a funny kitty, she will catch all the mice for me, and in the evening she will sit on her knees and purr. Came to town. I went to all the yards - not a single cat. Well nowhere!

I started asking people:

Does anyone have a kitty? I'll even pay the money, just give it.

And they began to get angry at me:

Do cats now? There is hunger everywhere, there is nothing to eat, but here you feed the cats.

And one said:

I myself would have eaten the cat, not what to feed him, a parasite!

Here are the ones! Where did all the cats go? The cat is used to living on a ready-made food: he got drunk, got drunk and in the evening stretched out on a warm stove. And suddenly such a disaster! The stoves are not heated, the owners themselves suck the stale crust. And there is nothing to steal. And you won't find mice in a hungry house either.

Cats moved in the city ... And what, maybe, and hungry people came. So I didn't get a single cat.

Winter has come and the sea is frozen. It became impossible to fish. And I had a gun. So I loaded my gun and walked along the shore. I'll shoot someone: wild rabbits lived in holes on the shore.

Suddenly, I looked, at the site of the rabbit hole, a large hole was dug, as if a passage for a large animal. I'd rather go there.

I sat down and looked into the hole. Dark. And when I looked closely, I see: there, in the depths, two eyes are shining.

What, I think, is such a beast wound up?

I plucked a twig and into the hole. And from there it will hiss!

I backed away. Fu you! Yes, it's a cat!

So that's where the cats from the city have moved!

I began to call:

Kitty Kitty! Kisanka! - and stuck his hand into the hole.

And the little kitty rumbled like such a beast that I pulled my hand back.

I began to think about how to lure the cat into my house.

Once I met a cat on the shore. Large, gray, muzzle. When she saw me, she jumped aside and sat down. He looks at me with evil eyes. All strained, froze, only the tail twitches. Waiting for me to do.

And I took a crust of bread out of my pocket and threw it to her. The cat glanced at where the crust fell, but itself did not move. She stared at me again. I walked around and looked around: the cat jumped, grabbed the crust and ran to its home, into the hole.

So we often met, but the cat never let me near her. Once at dusk I mistook her for a rabbit and was about to shoot.

In the spring I started fishing and the smell of fish smelled near my house. Suddenly I heard my Hazel barking. And somehow it barks funny: stupidly, in different voices, and squeals. I went out and saw: on the spring grass, slowly walking towards my house gray cat... I recognized her immediately. She was not in the least afraid of Grouse, did not even look at him, but chose only where it would be drier for her to step. The cat saw me, sat down and began to look and lick its lips. I rather ran into the house, took out the fish and threw it away.

She grabbed the fish and jumped into the grass. From the porch I could see how she began to devour. Yeah, I think I haven't eaten fish for a long time.

And since then the cat began to visit me.

I kept appeasing her and persuading her to come to live with me. And the cat was still shy and did not let him close to him. Eat the fish and run away. Like a beast.

Finally I managed to stroke her, and the beast purred. The hazel grouse did not bark at her, but only stretched on the chain, whined: he really wanted to meet the cat.

Now the cat spun around the house all day, but did not want to go to live in the house.

Once she did not go to her burrow to spend the night, but stayed overnight at Hazel's in the booth. The hazel grouse has completely compressed into a ball to make room.

Grouse was so bored that he was glad of the cat.

Once it was raining. I look out the window - Ryabka is lying in a puddle near the booth, all wet, and does not climb into the booth.

I went out and shouted:

Ryabka! To the booth!

He stood up and shook his tail in embarrassment. He turns his face, stumbles, but does not climb into the booth.

I went over and looked into the booth. The cat stretched itself importantly across the floor. Grouse did not want to climb so as not to wake the cat, and it was wet in the rain.

He loved it so much when the cat came to visit him that he tried to lick it like a puppy. The cat bristled and shook itself.

I saw how Grouse with his paws held the cat when she, having slept, went about her business.

And her business was as follows.

Once I hear - as if the child is crying. I jumped out, I looked: Murka was rolling off the cliff. Something dangles in her teeth. I ran up and looked - there was a rabbit in Murka's teeth. The little rabbit jerked its paws and shouted, just like small child... I took it away from the cat. I exchanged it for fish. The rabbit went out and then lived in my house. Another time I found Murka when she was already eating a large rabbit. The grouse on the chain licked his lips from a distance.

Opposite the house was a pit half an arshin deep. I see from the window: Murka is sitting in a pit, all shrinking into a ball, wild eyes, and no one is around. I began to follow.

Suddenly Murka jumped up - I didn't have time to blink, and she was already tearing up a swallow. It was about rain, and the swallows were flying near the ground. And in the pit, a cat was waiting in ambush. For hours she sat all on a platoon, like a trigger: she waited for the swallow to strike over the pit itself. Hap! - and snaps on the fly.

Another time I found her at sea. The storm washed up the seashore. Murka cautiously walked over the wet stones and pawed the shells on a dry place. She gnawed them like nuts, winced and ate the slug.

But then the trouble came. Stray dogs appeared on the shore. They ran in a flock along the shore, hungry, brutal. Barking, screeching, they swept past our house. The hazel grouse bristled all over, tensed. He grumbled dully and looked angrily. Volodka grabbed a stick, and I rushed into the house for a gun. But the dogs rushed past, and soon they were not heard.

Grouse could not calm down for a long time: he kept grumbling and looking where the dogs ran away. And Murka at least that: she sat in the sun and importantly washed her face.

I told Volodya:

Look, Murka is not afraid of anything. The dogs will come running - she jumped on the pole and on the pole to the roof.

Volodya says:

And Grouse will climb into the booth and bite off any dog \u200b\u200bthrough the hole. And I'll lock myself in the house.

There is nothing to be afraid of.

I went to the city.

And when he returned, Volodka told me:

An hour had not passed since you left, the wild dogs returned. Eight pieces. They rushed to Murka. But Murka didn't run away. She has a pantry under the wall, in the corner, you know. She buries leftovers there. She has accumulated a lot there. Murka rushed into the corner, hissed, got up on her hind legs and prepared her claws. The dogs poked their heads, three at once. Murka worked like that with her paws - the hair flew only from the dogs. And they screech, howl and already climb one through the other, from above they all climb to Murka, to Murka!

What were you looking at?

I didn’t look. I hurried to the house, grabbed a gun and began to thresh with all my might at the dogs with a rifle butt. Everything is mixed up in a mess. I thought that only pieces of Murka would remain. I was hitting anything here. Here, look, the whole butt was beaten. Will you not scold?

Well, what about Murka, Murka?

And she is now at Ryabka's. Ryabka licks her. They are in the booth.

And so it turned out. Ryabka was curled up in a ring, and in the middle lay Murka. Ryabka licked her and looked angrily at me. Apparently, he was afraid that I would interfere - I would take Murka away.

A week later, Murka completely recovered and began hunting.

Suddenly at night we woke up from a terrible barking and screeching.

Volodka jumped out, shouting:

Dogs, dogs!

I grabbed my gun and, as I was, jumped out onto the porch.

A whole bunch of dogs were busy in the corner. They roared so hard that they did not hear me come out.

I shot it in the air. The whole flock rushed and rushed away without memory. I shot again after. Ryabka was torn by the chain, jerked at a run, was furious, but he could not break the chains: he wanted to rush after the dogs.

I began to call Murka. She grumbled and tidied up the pantry: she buried her paw in the hole she had dug.

In the room, by the light, I examined the cat. She was bitten by dogs, but the wounds were harmless.

I noticed that Murka was getting fat - she was about to have kittens.

I tried to leave her in the hut overnight, but she meowed and scratched, so I had to let her out.

The stray cat was used to living in the wild and never wanted to go into the house.

It was impossible to leave the cat like that. Apparently, wild dogs got into the habit of running to us. They will come running when Volodya and I are at sea, and they will kill Murka completely. And so we decided to take Murka away and leave to live with our fellow fishermen. We put a cat with us in the boat and went by sea.

Far, fifty versts from us, we took Murka away. Dogs won't run there. Many fishermen lived there. They had a seine. Every morning and every evening they brought the seine into the sea and pulled it ashore. They always had a lot of fish. They were very happy when we brought them Murka. Now they fed her with fish to the dump. I said that the cat will not go to live in the house and that it is necessary to make a hole for her - this is not an ordinary cat, she is from the homeless and loves freedom. They made a house of reeds for her, and Murka remained to guard the net from the mice.

And we returned home. Grouse howled for a long time and barked tearfully; barked at us: where did we take the cat?

We were not on the net for a long time and only in the fall did we gather to Murka.

We arrived in the morning when we were pulling the net. The sea was as calm as water in a saucer. The seine was already coming to an end, and a whole band of sea crayfish - crabs were dragged onto the shore together with the fish. They are like large spiders, agile, run fast and evil. They stand on their hind legs and click their claws over their heads: they scare. And if they grab a finger, then hold on: until the blood. Suddenly I look: our Murka is quietly walking among all this commotion. She deftly threw the crabs out of the way. He will pick him up with his paw from behind, where he cannot reach it, and throw it away. The crab rears up, puffs, clanks its claws like a dog with its teeth, but Murka doesn't even pay attention, throws it away like a pebble.

Four adult kittens watched her from afar, but they themselves were afraid to come close to the seine. And Murka climbed into the water, entered up to her neck, only one head sticks out of the water. It goes along the bottom, and the water parted from the head.

The cat felt with its paws on the bottom of the small fish that was leaving the seine. These fish hide to the bottom, bury themselves in the sand - it was here that Murka caught them. He feels with his paw, picks him up with his claws and throws him ashore to his children. And they were really big cats, and they were afraid to step on a wet one. Murka brought them to dry sand live fish, and then they ate and grumbled evil. Who knows what hunters!

Fishermen could not boast of Murka:

Oh yes cat! Fighting cat! Well, the children did not go to their mother. Goonies and idlers. They will sit down like gentlemen, and give them everything in their mouths. Look, take a seat! Pure pigs. Look, they fell apart. Shoot, you bastards!

The fisherman swung, but the cats did not move.

That's just because of my mother and tolerate. We should drive them out.

The cats were so lazy that they were too lazy to play with the mouse.

I once saw Murka drag a mouse in their teeth. She wanted to teach them how to catch mice. But the cats lazily fiddled with their paws and let go of the mouse. Murka rushed after and brought them again. But they did not even want to look: they were lying in the sun on the soft sand and waiting for dinner, so that they could eat fish heads without hassle.

Look, mothers' sons! - said Volodka and threw sand at them. - Look disgusting. There you are!

The cats shook their ears and rolled over to the other side.

An old man lived with an old woman, and they only had a property that one hog. The hog went into the forest to eat acorns and a wolf is coming to meet him.

- In the forest, there are acorns.
- Take me with you.
- I would take, - he says, - you with me, but there the hole is deep, wide, you cannot jump.
- Nothing, - he says, - I'll jump over.
Here we go; walked, walked through the forest and came to this pit.
- Well, - says the wolf, - jump.
Borov jumped - jumped. The wolf jumped and straight into the hole. Well, then the hog ate acorns and went home.
The next day the hog goes to the forest again. A bear is approaching him.
- Hog, hog, where are you going?
- In the forest, there are acorns.
- Take, - says the bear, - me with you.
- I would take it, but there the hole is deep, wide, you can't jump.
I suppose, - he says, I will jump
We went to this pit. Borov jumped - jumped; the bear jumped and landed directly in the hole. Boar ate some acorns and went home.
On the third day, the hog again went into the forest to eat acorns, and a scythe hare met him.
- Hello boar!
- Hello oblique hare!
- Where are you going?
- There are acorns in the forest.
- Take me with you.
No, oblique, there the hole is wide, deep, you cannot jump.
- I won’t jump, how not to jump!
Let's go and come to the pit. Borov jumped jumped over. The hare jumped into the hole Well, the hog ate some acorns, went home.
On the fourth day, the hog goes to the forest to eat acorns. A fox met him: she also asks to take her hog with him.
No, - says the hog, - there is a hole deep, wide, you can't jump!
And-and, says the fox, - I'll jump!
Well, and she fell into a hole
So there were four of them in the pit, and they began to grieve how they could get food.
The fox says:
- Let's pull the voice; whoever does not get up and we will become.
Then the voice began to pull, but one hare fell behind and the fox pulled everyone over. They took a hare tore it up and ate it. Hungry and again began to persuade the voice to pull, who would fall behind to eat.
If, - says the fox, - I lag behind, then I am, all the same!
They started to pull; only the wolf lagged behind, the voice could not get up. The fox and the bear took it, tore it up and ate it.
Only the fox cheated the bear: I gave him some meat, I hid the rest from him and eats myself on the sly. Here the bear begins to starve again and says;
- Kuma, godfather, where do you get your food?
- What are you, godfather! You just stick your paw in the ribs, hook on the rib - and you will find out how to eat.
The bear did just that, hooked himself with a paw on the rib, and died. The fox was left alone and after that, the bear began to starve.
Above this pit stood a tree, on this tree a blackbird had its nest. The fox sat in the pit and kept looking at the blackbird and said to him:
- Blackbird what are you doing?
- Nest view
- Why are you twisting?
- I will bring the children
- Blackbird, feed me, if you don’t feed me, I will eat your children.
Thrush to grieve, thrush to yearn, how to feed the fox. I flew to the village and brought her a chicken. The fox removed the chicken and said again:
- Thrush did you feed me?
- Fed
- Well, give me a drink.
Thrush to grieve, thrush to yearn, like a fox to drink. I flew to the village and brought her water. The fox got drunk and says:
- Thrush did you feed me?
- Fed
- Did you get me drunk?
- I got drunk
- Get me out of the hole
Thrush to grieve, thrush to yearn, like taking out a fox. So he began to throw sticks into the hole and swept it so that the fox got out on these sticks and lay down and stretched out near the tree itself.
- Well - he says - did you feed me a thrush?
- Fed
- Did you drink me?
- I got drunk
- Did you get me out of the hole?
- Pulled out
- Well, make me laugh now
A thrush to grieve, a thrush to yearn, like a fox to laugh.
- I, - he says, - I will fly, and you, fox, follow me.
That's good - the thrush flew into the village and sat down on the gate to the rich man, and the fox lay down under the gate. The blackbird began to scream.
- Grandma, bring me a piece of bacon! Grandma, bring me a piece of bacon!
The dogs jumped out and tore the fox ...

The tale of the plant of your land: plantain

Once upon a time there was a forester with a little daughter. They lived together, they never got bored. But one day in the spring trouble came to their house. At that time, the forester had a lot of work. From morning until late evening he disappeared in the forest. Spring warmth is deceiving. The sun will warm up - it's hot, and if you undress, it'll get cold here.
The forester caught a cold and fell ill in earnest. In the heat, he rushes about, coughs. The little daughter knocked off her feet, caring for her father, but the disease does not let go, and there is no one to ask for advice. It takes three days to go to the nearest village, but you won't be able to reach the spring abyss in a week. The girl sat down on the porch, sulked. And a raven sat on the fence. He looked at her and asked:
- Why are you crying?

The little girl told him about her grief, the raven thought and said:
- To a good man need help. There is a cure for your father. In the thicket of the dense forest, an old woman lives. She has a well with water - not simple, curative. Only getting to it is not easy. The old woman is cunning, she skillfully confuses the tracks.

It's scary to go into the thicket, but there is nothing to do. The forester's daughter went for healing water. I got to the fork: one path is straight, clean, and the other overgrown with weeds and thorns. Thought, thought the girl and chose the path, which is worse. If the vekovukha hides his house, then it is unlikely that a direct path will lead to him. How long or short the little traveler walked, tore her hands on the thorns, knocked her legs on the driftwood, and still reached the hut. She knocked on the door, the witch looked out: a morel face, a crochet nose. The girl bowed to her.

Hello grandma. I came to you with a request. They say you have a well with healing water. Can you give me a little for my father?

"What a nimble girl, she found a hut, she did not get lost in the forest, she wounded her arms and legs, and does not complain," the witch was surprised and said:
- You can give a voditsa, only first do the service. Clean up the hut, strain the wool and cook dinner.
The girl is small, but accustomed to work. Everything in her hands is arguing. In a moment she cleaned up the house, set the dough, and while the dough came up, strained the wool. The vekovukha looked at how cleverly the guest was managing the household, and decided to leave it with her. Meanwhile, the girl finished the case and asks:
- Will you give me healing water now?

A witch would be glad to refuse, but she cannot: if a person has completed three tasks, his request must be fulfilled, otherwise witchcraft will go away and the water will turn from magic to simple.
- So be it, take it, - answers the vekovuha. - Only, mind you, an agreement. If you come to me for some water next time, then, don't blame me, you will stay with me.
And she herself holds out a jug to the girl. It looks good, strong, but in the bottom it has an inconspicuous crack.
The girl was delighted, thanked the old woman, filled the jug and ran home. He runs as fast as he can and does not see that the water is flowing out of the jug drop by drop. She caught herself when the jug was half empty.

"Apparently, it spilled on the road," the girl was upset. She slowed down her pace. Carefully carries the burden, but the water is still decreasing. Until I got to the edge, where their hut stands, and the bottom became visible. Only then did the girl notice that the jug was thin. The poor thing cried with burning tears, sank to the ground without strength and saw: where the last drop fell, grass grew with round, shiny, dark green leaves. I looked around, and this grass rose along the entire path.

"Maybe the power of living water has passed to them?" - thought the girl. She tore off a sheet, put it to her wounded hand, the pain and passed.
The girl was glad that she did not need to return to the witch. She began to give her father a decoction of medicinal leaves to drink. Forester and recovered. They healed as before. Since then, cough has been treated with this herb, wounds have healed. It always grows along paths and paths. That is her name - plantain.

• What did E. Schwartz mean by lost time? How do you understand the name of the tale? Write it down.

Do not waste time even in action, so as not to turn into old people long before old age, cherish every minute. Only in a fairy tale it is possible to return the lost time - to turn the arrows back, there is no need to hope for a chance and later, but to study, to work now.

• Discuss the meaning of proverbs and sayings with a friend.

Every vegetable has its time ... Everything has its time. It is used when someone is unnecessarily rushing things or is late with the decision of any cases.

Money is gone - you will make money, time is gone - you cannot return it ... Money can be earned, material can be acquired, and the past time is irrevocable.

Not because the hour is expensive because it is long, but because it is short ... Time is valuable not because it drags on for a long time, but because it passes quickly.

Order saves time ... When everything is in its place, there is no need to waste time looking for the right one.

Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today ... It is said as a piece of advice to overcome laziness, unwillingness to do something, and do the job now (since it is not known if you can do it later).

• Come up with a text that would end with a proverb or saying you like.

Kolya threw things around and simply never put anything in its place. On the eve of the Eighth of March, he could not find the postcard he was making for his beloved mother. He looked for her all morning and was late for school. Returning home from class, Kolya continued his search and did not have time to do homework... He spent the whole evening making a new card and didn't go to the rink with the guys. Going to bed, he opened his favorite book and ... Miracle! The postcard was in the book. “Yes,” he thought, “Order saves time.”

• What text did you write: narration, reasoning, description? Give reasons for your answer.

This is a narrative text. This is a text that tells about events, actions that occur one after another. You can ask him questions what happened? what happened?

• What did The Tale of Lost Time teach you? What conclusions did you draw? Write a review of the work, use words and expressions:
  value time, help others, do not waste, good deeds.

The Tale of Lost Time speaks of a 3rd grade student. Petya Zubov left everything for later and did not have time for anything. One day he came to school and found out that he had turned into a gray-haired old man. Evil wizards stole his time. Having overheard their conversation, Petya learned how to get back the lost time. Reading a fairy tale, you understand that losing precious time just like that is like losing your own life!

Write down on a separate sheet a tale about animals, plants, or a folk legend about the origin of the name natural object - this is one of the creative tasks in the subject " The world"Grade 4 according to Pleshakov's textbook. And if everything is clear with the first part of the assignment, namely, you can write any fairy tale with the participation of plants and animals, then problems may arise from the second. Namely, the teacher will appreciate the folk legends about the origin of the name of a natural object higher, than a fairy tale about a turnip or tops and roots copied from a book.Every region is rich in legends, let's get to know some of them.

Legends about the origin of the name of a natural object

Kamchatka

This is a peninsula in the northeast of the Asian part of the Russian Federation. Kamchatka is washed The Pacific Ocean, Okhotsk and Bering seas. One of the legends about the origin of the name of the peninsula is the tale of the Koryak hero or sly Khonchat who defeated or deceived his enemies. There is also a toponymic myth that personifies the names: the legend of the lovers who rushed from the steep hill - the son mountain range (Kam stream) and daughters of a volcano (Chatka river).

Olkhon

Olkhon is a large island on Lake Baikal, covered with taiga forests and steppes. There is a version that its name has Buryat roots, as in Buryat “olkhon” means “dry”. If so, the name was given quite rightly - after all, there is a small amount of rainfall on the island and drying winds constantly blow.
There is also a Buryat legend, from which it follows that once upon a time there lived a young guy nicknamed Olkhon, he was a shepherd. When Genghis Khan was going on a campaign against China, Olkhon decided to try his luck with his army as a nuker. And so, when the Mongols fought China, he took a lot of "yasyr" and decided to return to his homeland and marry a good girl - now he has the money to buy the bride. Olkhon returned to his ulus, chose a girl - and everything seems to be fine, but here's the catch: the girl's parents were against it. And she fell in love with Olkhon and, on her part, reciprocated. What should a lover do? And they decided to escape together at dawn - to the island on which Olkhon had lived since childhood.
Olkhon came at the appointed time to the girl's yurt, she went out unnoticed, and they ran to the shore - there a boat was waiting for them. They got into it and swam, but then the girl's father and her brothers woke up and rushed after them. The lovers had not yet had time to swim far away, and the girl's relatives had already reached the shore. The father saw that he could not catch up with his daughter, and in a rage fired after them from a tight Mongolian bow. An arrow pierced through the heart of the young man - and he died. And the girl (by that time she had already carried from Olkhon) reached the island and after a while gave birth to a boy-hero, who grew up and became a hero of the Buryat people. And the island has since been called Olkhon, after the name of his father.

Shikotan

On the territory of Russia, namely in Sakhalin region one of the largest islands, Shikotan, is located.
There are many beautiful legends and tales about such an unusual name for this island. Here is one of the legends that has survived to this day. When the first people settled on the island and just started to live, there was a lot of controversy about what to call it. Among them was one young woman who was about to give birth. And then the elders decided: "Let's call this island by the name of the first child born on it." The woman gave birth to a baby girl and named her Shikotan. On the same day, the island received the same name. Since then it has been called Shikotan.

Mount Beshtau

Beshtau is one of the mountains of the Caucasus Range. It does not belong to the number of high mountains, and even in the Caucasus there are many much higher peaks. However, despite its "short stature", Beshtau is quite famous in the Caucasus. Such its popularity is associated with the legend about the origin of this mountain. Caucasians believe that Beshtau is a petrified girl, the daughter of Elbrus, standing next to her. Even the name "Beshtau" in translation from Turkic means "youngest".
An old legend says that many years ago Beshtau was the youngest daughter of the formidable and powerful king of Elbrus. Once, when Beshtau was still small, while walking through the woods, she met an old woman carrying a huge bundle of brushwood. Beshtau helped the old woman carry the brushwood home - and she gave her a small bag filled with salt, instructing her to take care of it like the apple of her eye.
Many years have passed since then. And then one day the king called his daughters to him and asked them how much they loved him. “I love you like gold!” Said the eldest daughter, and the king nodded his head in approval. “I love you like jewels,” said the middle one, and the king was again pleased. “And I love you like salt, father,” said Beshtau, and the angry tsar drove his daughter out of the house, who valued him so little.
Beshtau wandered around the world for a long time until she found out that a terrible disease was raging in her homeland, from which only magic salt could save. Then Beshtau remembered about the bag and returned to her country. She has cured many people without differentiating between rich and poor. A few days later, she found out that her father was ill, and the sisters did not take care of him and left. The last pinch of salt remained in Beshtau's bag, and although she herself contracted the disease, she gave this salt to her father. Soon Beshtau died - and immediately after death it turned into a huge mountain. And when the king Elbrus came to his senses and learned about what had happened, from grief he literally turned to stone next to his daughter.

Bald mountain

In Russia, the name "Lysaya" is borne by several mountains in different regions of the country and in different mountain ranges. That Lysaya Gora, which will be discussed, is located in the Zhigulevsky mountain range and does not differ in high altitude or popularity. However, despite the fact that it is not mentioned in any geographical encyclopedia and it is almost impossible to find it on the map, Bald Mountain has earned the right to be mentioned. The thing is that, according to legend, it was here that the legendary Cossack chieftain, or robber, as you like, Stenka Razin hid his treasures.
Gold, jewelry, money, everything that Stenka managed to plunder in his life, he personally hid in one of the caves on Bald Mountain. And now, for several centuries, there is a huge treasure somewhere there. Many tried to find him, but no one succeeded. Old-timers explain this by the fact that during his lifetime Stenka was a sorcerer - and enchanted the entrance to the cave, making it invisible. No one knows whether this legend is true or not, but sometimes gold and silver coins are found on the mountain, which, as the legend says, Stenka scattered everywhere in order to knock future treasure hunters off the trail.
As for the name, only by looking at the mountain, you can immediately understand where it came from. Neither on the mountain itself, nor at its foot, there is practically no vegetation that would be higher than the undersized grass. Scientists believe that the reason for this should be sought in groundwaterflowing next to the mountain. As is often the case, they contain too much heavy metals, such as lead, which destroy any vegetation.
However, people, whose ancestors have always lived in these parts, are sure that nothing grows on the mountain because of the spells cast by Stenka Razin on the treasures. Whom to believe, scientists or old-timers, everyone decides independently, but you should always remember that in any legend, even the most unusual, there is some truth. And, maybe, not spells are the reason that there is no vegetation on the mountain, but something else, but nevertheless in the popular rumor there is a grain of truth, maybe distorted over many centuries, but still the truth.

Ural

The Ural is a mountain system on the border between Europe and Asia, stretched over a distance of more than 2,000 km and a width of 40-150 km. An ancient folk legend tells that the Ural Mountains came out from the bottom of the Aral Sea, the Aral is consonant with the word Ural.
In times immemorial, the legend says, when people just stopped living like an animal and learned to explain themselves to each other, something incomprehensible and at the same time majestic happened. For several days the sun disappeared behind the clouds, it became so quiet all around that one could hear the animals drinking from the stream and the birds flapping their wings in flight. People, frightened and perplexed, gathered on the seashore, behind which the sun was hiding in red clouds. Suddenly the clouds dispersed, the huge waves subsided, and a stone mass arose from the depths of the sea in the rays of the rising sun. It grew until it turned into a wall of several mountains. This "wall" protected the tribes from the cold northern winds and from foreign enemies.

Amu Darya

The Amu Darya flows in Central Asia, formed by the confluence of two rivers - Panja and Vakhma. Previously, it flowed into the Aral Sea.
There is an ancient beautiful legend about the origin of the name. In the same village, two sisters lived with their parents, they were twins, similar as two drops of water. The one that was a little older was called Amuda, and the youngest was Daria. From childhood, the sisters loved each other very much. And now, when the girls grew up, an unpleasant story happened to them. There lived a guy in their village, handsome, prominent, both sisters fell in love with him with all their hearts and began to compete with each other. He, in turn, did not feel anything serious about them, but played with both of them, because in addition to being very handsome, the young man was still very arrogant, angry and insincere.
And both sisters were so captured by their feelings that they did not notice this, and every day they became more and more angry with each other, no longer hiding their enmity, they spoke evil, cruel words to each other.
And then one day, when the sisters almost hated each other, they learned that their lover was marrying a girl from a wealthy, noble family. Then they understood what an unworthy person they had fallen in love with, they also understood that they were the only support for each other, and they made up, wept together. Amuda and Darya went out into the open field, asked each other for forgiveness, turned into two rivers, merged together and flowed over the fields and plains, never parting again, and people gave the name to the Amu Darya river for this. Most likely, the origin of the legend is associated with the fact that the Amu Darya was formed by the confluence of two similar rivers.

Anadyr

Refers to large rivers Russian Federation and flows through the northeastern part of the country.
Some peoples associate the name of the river with an event that once occurred on its banks. Many years ago, a ship sailed along the river to this region far from the center of Russia. All residents gathered to meet with him. The inhabitants did not know whether this ship was bringing them happiness or grief, and looked expectantly as it floated up to them. They had an uneasy heart, and the ship was unusual.
Suddenly one of those who were waiting realized that it was foreign merchants who had arrived and brought them goods, and joyfully shouted: "We have gifts!" (which in Chukchi is heard as anadyr). He was right, it was the merchants who arrived in this region, and the inhabitants who inhabited the banks of this river were completely in vain, since those who arrived really gave them gifts. In honor of their arrival, the Anadyr River was named - from the words that reassured all the inhabitants of this region at that moment.
Later, the river gave this name to the bay, peninsula and even the lowland along which it flows. In turn, the city of Anadyr was named after the name of the bay.
Fishing is developed in the lower part of the river, which is important for the whole country. Anadyr is inhabited by Chukchi tribes, for them this river is a real nurse.

Angara

Angara is located in the southeast of Eastern Siberia. This is the most abundant tributary of the Yenisei.
An old Buryat legend says that the old man of Lake Baikal had a beautiful daughter, Angara. Once she fell in love with a young man Yenisei and ran away from home, as the formidable father opposed this love. This legend originated from the unusual location of the river.
The name of the river is due to the fact that its waters are greenish and transparent as glass. Local peoples in ancient times compared it with the sky, and in the local dialect "Angara" means - "transparent as the sky."

Andoga

Translated from Old Russian - "bush". The river flows through the territory of the Kaduy region. In the past, a very turbulent river, on which there were many rapids, overflowing over a huge area during high water.
Among the people living along the banks of the river, there are legends about where its name came from. One of them is about a monk who retired in the woods along the banks of the rapids. Andozhsky forests in those days belonged to Prince Shelepansky. The owner of the land did not like the presence of the hermit, he decided to expel the recalcitrant. He went one dark night (when not a single star was visible in the sky) to the monk's dugout. Since then, no one has seen Shelepansky. They say that when a strong wind rises on the river, the cry of the prince is heard. Young willow trees make such sounds (in strong wind). It is believed that the prince turned into a small willow bush and now groans in pain with every strong gust of wind.
There is one more at least famous legend about a peasant woman whose child drowned in the stormy streams of Andoga. Since then, Mother has come ashore every day and shed her tears into the streams of the river. Then she stopped appearing in the village and disappeared forever. People say that the peasant woman has turned into a willow bush. To this day, on the banks of the Andoga, one can see the willow crying, like an unhappy mother grieving for her drowned child.

Baydarat

Baydarat is one of the coldest rivers in Russia. Most of the year its waters are frozen in ice. It flows along the mainland and flows into the Baydarat Bay - the gulf of the Kara Sea between the coast of the mainland and the Yamal Peninsula.
According to legend, the spirit of the river Ba once got angry with a man named Rath because he was disrespectful to him, did not give him gifts, but on the contrary, only took her valuables from the river and always scolded her. And he called her cold, and unfriendly, and evil, and ugly. And no matter how the neighbors tried to persuade him, he stood his ground: they have a bad river, and that's all.
At first, the spirit of the river tried to placate Rath and give him the most better weather for fishing, the most big fish, took him to the most beautiful places. Rath was always dissatisfied with everything. Then Ba was indignant and decided to take revenge on Rath for his ingratitude. One night, Ba hid the river from people. There was nowhere to fish, nowhere to get water to drink. People realized that Rat was to blame for everything, and they kicked him out of the village.
Rath walked for a long time on the uncomfortable land, became wild. Once he wandered into some cave, sat down on a stone and fell asleep. And he had a wonderful dream. As if the spirit of Ba came to him and said that he could forgive him everything if his friends and acquaintances would forgive him. Rath woke up and went rather to the village to tell about an unusual dream. At first, people did not believe him and wanted to drive him away again, but the oldest man in the village said that if they did not forgive him, then nothing would surely change. And if they forgive, but the river still does not appear, then they will always have time to drive him away.
All people went to the bed of the disappeared river. Rath loudly asked everyone for forgiveness - and they forgave him. As soon as the youngest resident of the village uttered the words of forgiveness, the sound of water was heard in the distance. People turned and saw the water rushing right towards them, and above it - the spirit of the river Ba. And so that no one forgot this story, all the names were included in the name of the river: the spirit of the river Ba, the place where he hid the river - the Dere gorge, the impudent offender Rata. So they got the beautiful name Baidarat.

Barguzin

The Barguzin River flows through the territory of Eastern Siberia (Buryatia), along the Barguzin Valley. It originates in the high spurs of the Ikatsky ridge, and flows into Lake Baikal.
There is a sad legend about the river in Buryatia. In a mountain village, which was located not far from the place where the river originates, a brave young man and a beautiful girl lived. They fell in love with each other passionately, but were very young, and their parents resisted their desire to be together. And so the lovers decided to run away from home in order to be always together. But they did not know the road, and therefore decided to go down along the river. They went out unnoticed at night from their homes and ran along the river, which at its source was a narrow stream. They had already reached the place where a quiet stream turned into a seething, rapids mountain river, and suddenly they saw that their parents were catching up.
The brave young man said that they only need to swim across the river, and they are saved. He jumped into the water, thinking that the girl would follow him, but she was frightened and remained on the shore. He called her, persuaded her, and the powerful current carried him along. Parents approached the shore, saw that the young man was in trouble and was about to drown, but could not help. The young man drowned, and the grieving parents gave the river the name Barguzin.

White

One of the rivers with this name flows through the territory of Buryatia of the Russian Federation. Left tributary of the Angara.
The peoples inhabiting it told a number of legends and traditions, to some extent explaining the origin of the name. One of the legends says that once upon a time there lived a tribe on the banks of this river, which differed from other tribes in its extraordinary, light brown hair color. Many people from other tribes believed that the river was named White in connection with the custom of washing the heads of all the boys of the tribe with the waters of the river on the seventeenth birthday. The children of this tribe grew up healthy and happy. This is how the Belaya River appeared in Buryatia.
Another legend that has survived to this day is connected with the fact that good spirits lived in this river, which brought happiness to all people who have inhabited the banks of this river since ancient times. By analogy, in those distant times, when people believed in otherworldly forces, the Black River flowed in the same regions, the waters of which were feared. Whether she really was or is now known under a different name, the legends are silent. Only the name "White" has survived to this day.

Biryusa

Biryusa is a river in the southwest of Eastern Siberia, the left component of the Taseeva River.
There is a legend that tells that sometime in the place where the river flows, they mined precious stone turquoise, from the name of which the modern name of the river came.

Bityug

Bityug is a little-known left tributary of the Don and carries its waters for 379 km through the Tambov and Voronezh regions.
The name is associated with the legendary journey of an ancient Turkic tribe along the river. Driven from their homes, people walked across the plain towards the unknown. The horses with their last strength dragged the harness with the property. The children were blackened from hunger, thirst, and the difficult journey and looked like little old people. People could only eat grass and some small animals, if they could catch them. Finding water in an unfamiliar area was almost impossible.
Suddenly, one day in the distance, in the morning sun, a mirrored strip became silvery. People realized that it was water, a long strip of water. Joy and hope gave them strength, they got up, gathered everything they had left, and as quickly as they could went to meet the unfamiliar river. The river took them in and gave them food, water and protection. People compared it to a camel that can walk through the desert for a long time, requiring neither water nor food, but giving them protection and hope to survive and reach the place.

Big Kheta

There is a legend that the Hittite people lived on the banks of this river quite apart from the rest of the world. And for a very long time no one knew about their existence at all.
But one day the nomadic tribes went down the river and saw the dwellings of the Kets. The nomads were distinguished by their belligerence and cruelty. They attacked all villages in their path, robbed them and killed the inhabitants. The village they met seemed small and squalid. They decided that they would conquer it without much difficulty.
However, the chum salmon very quickly gathered, armed themselves with axes and stakes and drove the uninvited guests away from their homes. Frightened nomads christened the people great, and their river began to be called as "the river of big people", and it became shorter and more convenient for pronunciation - "Big Kheta".

Big Yugan

This river has its source in the south of the Tyumen region. Almost all of its pool is located on its territory. The Big Yugan flows into one of the great Siberian rivers - the Yenisei.
The name of the river consists of two words. Well, the fact that it is big is clear to any reader. Many rivers become large, even if they are not in fact, simply because there are small streams that flow into them or carry their waters almost parallel. They are called small or simply have the same name. So in this case, there is simply Yugan and there is Big Yugan. But as for the name of the river itself, there is a legend claiming that it came from the location of the river itself.
The south of the Tyumen region became the river basin and gave it its main name. Almost all of the Yugan flows through the south of the region. It carries its waters along with other numerous small and large rivers, merges with them and flows into the Yenisei, creating a web of the delta.
According to the second legend, the river got its name because, like many northern rivers, it begins in the south and carries its waters to the north. Due to the location of the source in relation to the mouth, the river received this name. And why not “south”, but “yugan”, this is the “fault” of the local dialect, which changes the words. The northerners are distinguished by their unusual dialect, and in ancient times this difference was more noticeable. The northern regions were inhabited mainly by small ethnic groups of nomads who had their own language, only slightly similar to modern.
The scientific version of the formation of the name of this river is the Khanty-Mansi word "egan", which means "river" in translation. The term "egan" is a part of many hydronyms of Western Siberia (Vasyugan, Nefteyugansk, etc.).

Wagai

The Vagai River flows in Western Siberia, is one of the many tributaries of the well-known Irtysh. There is one beautiful legend about which it is simply impossible to remain silent.
Many years and winters ago, a young guy named Wagai had love feelings for a girl. And as proof, he decided to swim across the river, along the banks of which they walked together. Not having overcome the river, Wagai drowned. And the girl cried for a long time, sitting on the shore and filling the water with her tears. And not only the guy drowned in this river, her pride also drowned here.
Since then, the river has been named after the lover.

Vasyugan

The Vasyugan River is located in the West Siberian Plain and is a left tributary of the Ob River. The small village of Novy Vasyugan is located on the river, named after the river.
There was such a legend. Once upon a time, in time immemorial, a guy fell in love with a girl who lived in a village upriver. The girl's parents were against marriage, since the guy was poor and could not provide a good future for his young wife. And they came up with a task for the guy that he had to complete. And only on the fulfillment of this commission did they agree to give him their daughter as his wife. The parents connected all their hopes with the fact that the guy could drown as a result of such a risky journey, and then his beloved daughter would be saved from an unenviable fate.
The task was that the poor guy was to swim up the river to the village of his beloved. This was a risky business, since the river flow is strong, and the water in it is icy. But for the sake of his girlfriend, the guy was ready for anything. He agreed to complete this task, but asked the girl's abusive parents not to tell anyone about it, so as not to disturb the relatives.
On the appointed day, the guy went down to the river bank, plunged into the water and swam against the current to his beloved. The cold water drove his legs; the young man rowed his hands with all his might, trying to overcome the obstacle as quickly as possible. His path was difficult, he swam for a very long time, only his love helped to achieve the goal. Finally, he reached the village of his beloved, barely got out of the water, to the surprise of the girl's relatives. The parents had to marry their daughter. The boyfriend took her to his village - and they lived happily ever after. People learned about such an unprecedented and courageous act of the young man and named the river in his honor, as they called him beautiful name Vasiliy.

Vetluga

This river is quite large, it takes its source in the Kirov region, then carries its waters through the Kostroma region and ends in Nizhny Novgorod, gradually overflowing and flowing into the Cheboksary reservoir.
There is a legend that the river got its name from a beautiful, modest and delicate tree - willow. These trees grew practically along the entire coast, freely hanging their branches to the very water. Some of the trees were so old they just split in two, split in half. They were called by the people not Vetla, but Vetluga. The river got its name from these split trees.
According to another legend, the name is formed from two words: "willow" and "meadows". The river carries its waters through the northern regions of the country, and in them there is often a so-called local dialect, which slightly changes words, and instead of "wagging" many said "winds". Here is the river and bough, carrying its waters to the south. And the meadows, among which it flows, gave it the second half of the name. And it turned out a river that winds among the meadows - Vetluga.
But these are not all legends; another one claims that the river began to be called Vetluga due to the fact that it, overflowing, flooded the meadows that did not dry out for a long time and could not sow anything on them. Vetluga came from the Mari "Vietno", "vutla", which means "full-flowing". Subsequently, for this, its unceremonious handling of the land in the spring, the river got its name.

Vishera

Vishera is a left tributary of the Kama in the Perm region of the Russian Federation. According to one of the scientists studying the etymology of geographical names, M. Vasmer, the interesting name of this river was formed, probably, by softening from the Old Russian "Vehra". However, this fact has as many reasons as others, so we cannot assert it as the only true one.
So, for example, the Old Russian word "vit" means "marsh grass", and "shora" means a trickle. It is assumed that Vishera was originally formed as a small trickle. Overflowing every spring, it flooded the surroundings. The water stood for a long time, some years until mid-summer, and created swampy formations.
True swamps did not form along the banks of the river, but the long-lasting moisture contributed to the spread of rare plants here, for which such conditions were suitable for growth and full development. Hermit grandmothers, popularly called sorceresses, knew how to find these herbs and use them to cure many ailments.
People were afraid of witches and preferred not to communicate with them unnecessarily, therefore they did not go to witchcraft places. Medicinal herbcollected by old women, grew along the banks of the river, and these places were called "a trickle where swamp grass grows", or, in Old Russian - "vitishora". With frequent repetition, the word became more euphonious - "vishera".
Over time, a small stream turned into a fairly full-flowing river, the fear of sorcerers and witches is a thing of the past, but even now grandmothers live on the river, who know the secret power of marsh herbs, know how to find the right blade of grass and get it during its full strength.

Udder

The Vym River flows in the north of the European part of Russia (the Komi Republic) and is the right tributary of the Vychegda.
The legend tells about a girl who grew up in a good family, but was unhappy, since her heart could not love a single guy who lived in the village. She was not insensitive or angry, just for the sins of her ancestors, evil forces punished her with an inability to love. Her heart did not lie to any of the guys, and the years went by, now her friends are all married, and matchmakers constantly come.
Desperate, the girl came to the river to drown herself, since life became not sweet to her. She had just lowered her feet into the water, raised her eyes full of tears to the sky, when suddenly she saw an old grandmother in front of her. She says to her: “I know your sadness, but I can help you, advise you. There is an old cow in your house, tie her tail with a blue scarf and bring her to the river. Then put it into the water so that the udder of the cow touches the water. Bring the cow into the house, put her in the barn, feed and water. The guy who first comes to woo you will be dear to your heart. "
The girl did everything as the old woman told her, and in the evening a handsome, slender, kind guy came to her house, whom she immediately fell in love with. She married a guy and they lived happily for many years, and the Vymyu River was named after the cow.

Vychegda

The river is located in the northern regions of the European part of Russia. The Vychegda is a right tributary of the Northern Dvina.
As one of the legends tells, a long time ago in one village there lived an old man, blind from birth. As soon as he tried to cure this disease, nothing helped him. Once he came to the river bank and began to cry, grieving over his illness. The river waves touched his feet, and the old man decided to drown himself. As soon as he entered completely into the water, the river captured him and carried him downstream. The old man got scared and stopped resisting the flow.
The waves carried him completely unconscious to the opposite shore, and when the old man woke up and opened his eyes, he saw before him the blue sky and green grass. For the first time the old man saw a white light, he was delighted, thanked the river that helped him to heal, and returned to his village. By unusual name the family of this old man was named the Vychegda river.

Vyazma

The Vyazma River flows in the Smolensk region, is a left tributary of the Dnieper.
According to legend, all this happened in those days when Vyazma was still a very small stream, and it never occurred to anyone that he needed a name. A proud and beautiful girl lived in the village near a stream.
When the time came, she fell in love with a young man to match. Only the girl's father did not like him: he was too proud. Father invented a test for him and sent him to distant lands. The good fellow left and disappeared, and the girl became sad. She began to go out to the stream every morning and talk to him. She believed that the brook would hear her, understand her and run to the dear one to see where he was, and would tell her everything.
Here she came out one morning, and from the brook a new stream ran to the side. The girl understood that the brook heard her and was telling her something. Every morning she began to notice more and more new branches and one day she understood what the stream was telling her. This letter was so dear to her that he conveyed it - in water ligature. Only the one who loves can understand her. For others, it will be just a swamp and mud.
The girl understood the message, was delighted and told her father to prepare for the imminent wedding. And the brook eventually turned into a river and in memory of the letter was named Vyazma.

Ilim

It flows along the Central Siberian Plateau and is the right tributary of the Angara River. The peoples inhabiting it explain the name of the river in their own way, this can be seen from the legends.
One of the legends connects the name of the river with the name beautiful girlwho lived in one of the villages. All the guys were conquered by her, offered her a hand and a heart, but she did not perceive any of them as her future husband. Ilim loved only one guy who, unfortunately, belonged to another girl, loved another. Ilim could no longer suffer and suffer from her love - and decided to drown herself in the river. Late in the evening, when everyone in the house fell asleep, she came to the shore, went into the water. The river gladly accepted her, since Ilim was very beautiful, and left her with her forever, not even returning her body to her relatives. By the name of the drowned woman, the inhabitants of the village called this river, with this name it has survived to this day.

Irtysh

Irtysh flows in Kazakhstan, the left tributary of the Ob. ...
An ancient legend says that once it became difficult for a nomadic Kazakh with his large family to wander around the world, and he decided to find a place for a calm old age. Health no longer allowed him to travel long distances. One day he came across a very beautiful river, which he immediately liked. "We will dig the earth here and build houses!" He exclaimed. "Ir" in Kazakh means "to dig", and "tysh" means "earth". Since then, the river began to be called the Irtysh. Soon the family of the old Kazakh began to grow, large settlements appeared. Now Kazakhs live in these places and glorify their river in every possible way.

Ket

Ket - pretty big riverflowing in Western Siberia, the right tributary of the Ob. It is quite possible that Ket began to be called so because of the Kets, a people who lived nearby.
There is such a legend among the Kets. A long time ago, in those old ancient times, which no one remembers, the Kets fought for their territory with a certain wild and unrestrained tribe, which did not even have a name. The savages annoyed with their attacks not only the Kets, but also many other tribes living in those days in the neighborhood. However, only the Kets fought for life and death with the wild people, while the rest retreated and went further and further from these places. And the tribe of savages was gloomy and cruel, it did not spare anything or anyone.
The fight was unusually fierce. Fewer and fewer Kets returned from battles. But on one, perhaps not very beautiful autumn day, a new battle took place, even more bloody than any previous one. People fought until late in the evening.
When it got dark, one young leader of a small detachment named Ketiel made his way with the detachment to the rear of the enemies and beckoned them to follow him. They could not tolerate such impudence, and most of the savages succumbed to this trick and followed him.
By thin ice Ketil and his detachment led the enemies to the middle of the river. When they came to their senses, it was too late: young, thin ice was cracking all around ... Brave Ketil also died with his detachment, but his memory is still preserved in the legend and in the name of the river.
At present, the Ket River is famous for the abundance of a wide variety of fish species, therefore fishing is widely developed there, which is of all-Russian importance. In addition, the nature of the Ket River is very beautiful, although the climate of this region is harsh and unpredictable.

Kuban

Must be, many people know the fact that the Kuban River flows into the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov and flows through the Krasnodar Territory. The city of Krasnodar is located on the banks of this river.
According to legend, the people who came to this territory endured many hardships due to the difficult passage through a large space. He left the settlement destroyed by the enemies and left in the hope of finding a better place. During the passage, people met only small streams, so many died of thirst. When the refugees saw the river, which seemed to them just huge, it was decided to stay and build housing on its banks. And since there were a lot of fish in the waters of this river, starvation did not threaten them either.
Once gathered, the elders of the tribe began to discuss what name to give to this river, which became their salvation, a symbol of life. After long discussions, it was named Kuban, which means "big river" in Old Russian.

Kuma

The river flows through the territory North Caucasus.
The legend tells about the ruler of the Caucasian principality Abdul-Amar al Sahid. Once, accompanied by his retinue, he went to visit a neighboring principality for his brother's wedding. The subjects of the prince loaded several oxen with gifts for the newlyweds - and the caravan set off on the road. The path was not short, it lay through high mountain passes covered with snow, along narrow mountain paths, through crevices in the rocks.
After a few days of travel, people and animals were tired of the sizzling heat and the mercilessly scorching sun. The road seemed endlessly long. Everyone dreamed only of a halt near even a small source of water. And when at last water flashed in the distance, the prince could not contain his delight and shouted: "Kum, Kum!", Which meant: "Water, water!" or "River, river!", because "kur" or "kum" is translated into Russian as "water", "river". The travelers quenched their thirst with cool life-giving moisture and continued on their way with renewed vigor.
The prince ordered the river to be called that way. Since then, this simple but accurate name - Kuma - has stuck with it.

Laba

The Laba River flows in the North Caucasus and is a left tributary of the Kuban. The exact origin of this name is unknown.
There is a legend among the people that the name of the Laba River comes from female name Lyuba or Lyubava. There are legends that a girl with this name drowned herself in this river because of the betrayal of her lover.

Lobva

This river with an interesting name is one of the three most famous rivers of the Trans-Urals: Sosva, Lozva and Lobva. These rivers, like many others, have an ending - va, which means "river" in the Komi language. Rivers with the names of Na - va form an area that is quite large in area, but has clear boundaries, due to the modern or past life of the Komi people.
The first part of the name - "forehead", which means "fish", is associated with folk legend.
In ancient times, when the river did not yet have a name, a rich merchant with his numerous retinue sailed along it. The weather was good, the sun was shining, the water was so clear that in some places the bottom was visible. The merchant stood and looked at the surface of the water as if enchanted.
It's lunch time. Lot delicious dishes the cook prepared for him, but the merchant wanted fresh fish. And although they carried a lot of fish on a boat, the capricious and wayward merchant wanted fish from this particular river. And he ordered him to catch her for dinner. But no matter how hard the servants tried, no matter how many times they cast the net, nothing came of them. The merchant got angry, stamped his feet, waved his hands and ordered his servants to catch fish at all costs.
There is nothing to do, the peasants began to think, how can they catch at least a little fish in this river. And finally, they decided to go for a trick. The most courageous and clever man made his way to the fish stocks and began to throw the fish overboard. Since she was transported in barrels of water, she was alive. And as soon as the fish got into the river water, they immediately tried to swim away, but the agile men did not doze and began to catch it with a net. The merchant was called so that he could observe the catch with his own eyes.
The merchant was pleased and generously rewarded the savvy fishermen. Since then, a lot of fish began to be found in this river, because some nimble fish nevertheless swam away and, after a while, bred. And now the people of the Urals remember the tyrant merchant with a kind word, who, without knowing it, raised a fish in the river.

Nepryadva

This is a very small river. There are many legends associated with this river, which are sometimes mystical in nature.
Since ancient times, in all the villages located on this river, there were no good spinners, therefore, never the inhabitants of the areas adjacent to this river had good products for sale. They attributed this to the fact that at night the devil comes out of the river and launches semi-finished products or bewitches them. The indigenous people living along the entire length of this river, from ancient times, have adapted to spin all the products in one day and immediately take them away from the village, so that the devil does not prevent them from finishing their work.
Many more mysterious legends are associated with the Nepryadva River, which explain the reluctance of local craftsmen to spin yarn. They say that for a very long time a young girl who fell in love with a guy who married another wanted to drown herself in this river. The girl could not endure such grief and came to the shore, rushed into the abyss of the waters, but the river did not take her, threw her ashore along with the waves. When the girl woke up, she saw a tangled ball of yarn in front of her eyes, brought it home, began to untangle it, and fell asleep. And in a dream she saw a vision, as if they were cursing her unclean forces for such a thoughtless act and punishing her with the fact that neither her children, nor her grandchildren, nor her great-grandchildren could ever hide anything, all their yarn would turn into such a lump as the girl found ... In general, in the villages on this river, people lived from ancient times who were able to confuse the head of any traveler who came to these places. In their stories, it is impossible to separate the truth from the lie, and therefore in these places travelers often wandered for a long time in search of the right path.

The Ob is a huge river, one of the greatest in the world. It flows through Siberia.
There is a legend. Once upon a time there lived a girl of indescribable beauty and her name was Ob. She was so beautiful that anyone who ever saw her was blinded by her beauty. And the Ob fell in love with the giant Tolka. But the gods were angry with her and turned Tolka into rocks for this. Then Ob got sunburned and threw herself to the ground from grief, from which she turned into great river, whose water is Obi's tears, and it flows between the rocks, which are the essence of only to gently wash him and be always with him.
To this day, the Ob is stately and beautiful and so powerful that it still generously distributes its gifts to people.

Pechora

Pechora is a river in the northeast of the European part of the Russian Federation. The river is large, it begins in the Northern Urals, and flows into the Pechora Bay of the Barents Sea.
There is a legend about the origin of the name of the river. Once the Novgorod ushkuiniks swam on their ears along this river and saw a village of some tribe on the shore. They landed on the shore and asked the locals: "What is this river called?" The locals did not know Russian and therefore thought that they were asking them what tribe they belonged to. So they said: "Pechora". Since then, Novgorodians have marked a river called Pechora on their maps.
There is also such an opinion: as if in ancient times whirlpools on rivers were called "pechora", and in some places on Pechora whirlpools are still quite common now. And because of them, the river was called Pechora, since these eddies present some difficulty for navigation. For this, the Novgorodians had special helmsmen (helmsmen) who learned to overcome the pechora from an early age. After all, if you do not control the current, the plow will throw it on the stones or break it on the rocky shores.
Pechora is a wonderful river, it is transparent and clean, like all northern rivers, and fills everything around with life with its waters. The water in Pechora, even in the strongest summer heat, remains scorchingly cold.

Sviyaga

Sviyaga is a river in the European part of the Russian Federation, it is a right tributary of the Volga. It originates from the Volga Upland, flows almost parallel to the Volga, but in the opposite direction. It flows into the Sviyazhsky Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir.
There are several legends about the origin of the name Sviyaga. One of them says that a tribe once lived on its banks, which was called "shine". During the existence of the Volga Bulgaria, this tribe was annexed to it, but refused to accept the Bulgar faith, for which its leader, Voinme, was brought to the supreme khan and he tried to convince Voinme to do it. But the threats did not work. Then the khan, marveling at the courage of the leader, released him alive as a reward for his courage. And he ordered to call the river "Sviyazhskaya" and the tribe ordered not to touch it.
Another legend tells that when Ivan the Terrible was sailing with his army along the river, he suddenly saw people who were running along its banks and shouting in their own language that Shine was taking the citizenship of the white king. The Russian tsar, however, made out only a word, like: "sviyaga". “What a swine,” he said. Since then, they began to call this river Sviyaga.

This river is quite large, it originates in the north of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Carries its waters, constantly changing direction. The lower reaches are in Slovakia. Tributary of the Bodrog River (Tissa basin).
According to one of the legends, it got its name precisely because of the terrain, or rather, the winding banks. The river basin is located in the Carpathian region. The river made its way among the foothills of the Carpathians, so its channel is rather meandering, like a snake. Why wasn't she named after one of the other snakes? Yes, probably because it is one of the most harmless and beautiful snakes, it has always attracted with its interesting coloring.
The second legend says that it has already become the prototype for the name of the river. Sometimes there were quite a lot of snakes on the banks of the river, they filled almost the entire area. In the summer, they crawled out on a hill near the coast and basked in the sun. People not only respected these small snakes, but sometimes even bred them themselves. For their large number, for their beauty and harmlessness, people named this river in honor of the snakes.
At first it was a supper river, then it began to be called simply Uzh. As time went on, people became not so tolerant of these reptiles, they began to destroy. And nature itself did not treat them very well. The number of snakes became less and less - and in the end they practically disappeared from the river basin. Now you will no longer meet flocks of young snakes basking in the sun in the warm summer time: one or two snakes - and those, as soon as they see a person, immediately crawl into the cracks.

Ural

The Ural River, which flows into the Caspian Sea, flows through almost the entire territory of Kazakhstan, in particular through Caspian lowland.
Ural has its own folk legend, according to which the river acquired its name thanks to its rocky banks. In the legends of the Bashkir people, there are many stories about the legendary hero Ural-Batyr, who bravely defended his people from enemy raids and thus earned great respect and various honors. Several stories have been written about his exploits, and one of them tells of his death.
Somehow there was a rumor that enemy troops were marching on the Bashkir land, and the Ural-Batyr Khan sent on reconnaissance. Ural-Batyr rode for a long time and one night he saw in the distance the light of a fire burning on the river bank. Getting closer, he heard about the insidious plans of his enemies. But when the batyr began to retreat, he accidentally stepped on a tree branch, which gave him away with its crunch. Enemy warriors, recognizing the Urals, pounced on him, and no matter how he fought, their numerical superiority was evident. And so the sword of the enemy pierced the heart of the batyr, and as soon as he let out his last breath, his body turned to stone. This stone was named after the batyr, and since the stone was located on the river bank, people called the river Ural.

The Us River flows in the south of Central Siberia, in the mountains, and is one of the largest right tributaries of the Yenisei.
Among the small population of the coast of the Us River, there is a story that the river got its name thanks to one interesting incident. A group of researchers traveled along the Siberian rivers, they observed nature, gave names to those concepts that were previously unnamed.
And so, having reached this river, they decided to go fishing in one quiet backwater. The catch was excellent, the catfish were so large that they amazed even inveterate fishermen who had seen a lot. And right while fishing, researchers began to discuss what name this river can be given. At first they wanted to call her Somovka, but then they thought it was too simple and banal for such a beautiful river. And suddenly one of the fishermen pulled out a catfish, which delighted everyone. What was remarkable about it was that, firstly, it was huge, and secondly, this fish had one mustache very short, and the other very, very long. Everyone looked at this miracle and unanimously decided that the name Us would be the most suitable for this river and very original.
The Us River is interesting and attractive for its picturesqueness - numerous rapids, steep right bank, rocky slopes. Along the coast there are mountains covered with taiga; and there are mountain lakes with clear blue water. The water in the Us River is very clean and cold, and numerous species of fish are found in it.

Heta

The river flows in Eastern Siberia and is a left tributary of the Khatanga River.
One of these ancient legends says that once there was a small village on the banks of this river. In one of the families, a girl was born, smart and hardworking, and her name was Kheta. Soon she grew up and became a real beauty: stately, slender, braid to the waist, eyes clear and bottomless like lakes, it was a pleasure to admire her. Many young men courted the beautiful Kheta; one, the most courageous and kind - Samura - she fell in love.
But the lovers were not destined to be together, immediately after the wedding, Samur went to war, where, according to rumors, soon, according to rumors, he laid down his head. Upon learning that her faithful husband had been killed, Kheta could not bear her grief. She wanted to be next to him in another world, ran to the steep bank of the river and rushed down. But after a while Samur returned to the village from the war; as it turned out, he did not die. Having learned about the death of his Kheta, he came to the river bank every day and talked with his beloved. People, seeing the suffering of Samur, decided to name the river after his wife.

Chara

This river flows in Eastern Siberia and is a left tributary of the Olekma River.
According to one of the legends, this river owes its name to the wondrous nature that surrounds it. It is especially beautiful here at the end of summer. The splash of water, the noise of reeds, the singing of birds create the feeling that you are in a fairy tale, nature simply enchants. This is how the legend tells it. When one of the northern princes once passed by this place, whose name, unfortunately, is not known, he could not restrain his admiration, saying: “Charming! How charming here! "
The indigenous people who accompanied the prince on this trip remembered the beginning of an unknown to them, but beautiful word "Charming", namely "charming". So they later began to call the river itself. Over time, the name Ochara was simplified to Chara.
Another legend about the origin of the name of this river says: the Charoi river is named because the place where it originates (source) resembled a cup in shape - a small vessel intended for drinking. However, now the river is not called Charka, but simply Chara; most likely, this is due to the fact that over time the need for the suffix - k- disappeared, it simply lost its meaning - and the name Charka was transformed into Chara.
According to another legend, in ancient times the Chara River was distinguished by its lack of fish and the absence of any vegetation (both at the bottom of the river and on its banks). The view of the river made an extremely depressing impression, and therefore the locals considered it enchanted, that is, they were enchanted. They said that once upon a time an old sorcerer was drowned here, through whose fault many people died an incomprehensible and terrible death. But the magical powers, leaving the body of the drowned man, “dissolved” in the waters of the river and “poisoned” it. Only time saved Chara from the curse and purified her waters, and the man clothed the shores with gardens and groves.
Chara is rich in fish. Here you can find silver perch, bream, carp.

Sheshma

The river flows through the territory of the Russian Federation, its length is 435 km. The sources are located in the Klyavlinsky region near the village of Stary Maklaush.
Reliable information about the origin of the name of the river has not survived; only a few legends have survived to this day, telling about this fact.
According to one of the legends, the history of the name of this river goes back to ancient times. And it is quite remarkable and interesting. An ancient legend tells that once upon a time, in the X-XI centuries, the Tatar Khan Tunguss lived in the lands of the Trans-Volga regions. And then one day this khan decided to expand his possessions, capturing the neighboring lands. He began to gather for a military campaign, summoned a large army, selected brave and hardy warriors and equipped the best horses. The army moved on a campaign.
And after several days of a difficult journey, when the warriors were already tired and exhausted, the water surface suddenly flashed in the distance. They rode closer, and their gaze opened up a small, shallow river, overgrown with reeds, but the water in it was so clear that one could watch fry of fish darting back and forth and see pebbles covering the bottom.
The legend describes that the water in this river could be compared in purity, as well as in its healing properties with spring water... Khan Tunguss, as soon as he drank this water, immediately exclaimed "Sheshma, sheshma!" That is how the river Sheshma was named, which in translation from Turkic means “spring”.
According to another legend, the river was named Sheshma, that is, "key", "spring", because its size was so small that it looked more like a spring than a full-flowing river.
At present, Sheshma is a fairly full-flowing and deep river, in some places its depth reaches 4–6 m. There are several dozen species of inhabitants in the Sheshma River, including crayfish, bream, silver perches, carp.

Yula is a small river flowing in the Moscow region. The inhabitants of the small ancient villages located on the banks of the river keep and pass on to their descendants the legend of the origin of such a beautiful name.
In ancient times, when Russia was overcome by internecine wars, in one village almost the entire male population was killed and all cattle were destroyed. Miraculously, the surviving men gathered the children and women, took some provisions so as not to die of hunger on the way, and set off in search of a calm and well-fed life. They walked long and hard. The bare ground served them as a table and a bed. Soon they saw huge endless forests, stretching for many, many kilometers.
They decided to go into the forest and collect mushrooms and berries. While collecting provisions, they accidentally discovered that a river flows among the trees. The people were very happy and decided to build a village on this bank. Men chopped down the forest and built solid wooden huts, women gathered mushrooms, berries and medicinal herbs and cooked food, and the kids played and frolicked - fortunately, there were many birds, squirrels and other living creatures in the forest.
So they lived for many years and everyone was arguing about what to call the river, which became so dear to them. Once the children picked up a bird, which was wounded by some predator, and brought it to the village. She was extraordinarily beautiful, with a small tuft on her head. One woman said that it was a wood top lark. Children began to look after the bird, and soon she was singing her sonorous song: "Yuli-yuli-yuli".
The bird became a universal favorite, she was cared for and cherished. And somehow the children decided to let her fly. Yula flew for a long time, chirped her song, until she finally got tired and landed on the river bank to drink cold water. But the bird was still weak, and, unable to stay on the branch, fell into the water and drowned. The inhabitants of the village were very grieving for the bird and therefore decided to name the river after it, which forever swallowed the lark.
On both banks of the Yula, forests grow, and the most diverse. You can meet with equal success and coniferous forests, and pine forests, and birch groves.

Chum

This is a rather large and elongated lake, its length is 96 km, located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory between two other lakes, which are called Lama and Khantayskoye, not far from the Yenisei River.
There is a legend among the inhabitants of this region about an old man who lived on this lake. The old man lived for a very long time; at the end of his life he was seized by an unknown illness. Every day more and more more strength was leaving the old man, he weakened in front of the compassionate old woman, with whom he had lived all his life.
With grief, the old woman went to the lake and wanted to drown herself so as not to see the torment of her beloved husband. But suddenly she saw a fish that jumped on the shore, which told her in a human voice: "I give my life for your happiness!" The old woman picked up the fish and carried it to her house. She cooked it and gave it to her old grandfather to try it. The old man ate all the fish, he liked it to his taste. And the next morning the old man got out of bed vigorous and healthy. A mysterious fish saved his life.
Now this fish no longer lives in Lake Keta, but it is abundant during spawning in the Rybnaya River, which flows out of this lake.

Okhotsk sea

The Amur River flows into the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. For nine months, the sea surface is hidden under ice. Despite this, the sea remains the breadwinner of many villages on its shores.
The sea got its name thanks to the people living on its shores - lamuts, which now have a different name - the Evens. According to historical legend, it happened as follows.
Somehow, people from a distant country who were engaged in catching birds and hunting for fur-bearing animals came to the banks of the river flowing into the sea. There was so much game on the river banks that the newcomers considered this place a paradise on earth and decided to settle here. It took a long time to build, but when the construction was completed and the time came to give the settlement a name, everyone realized that there were some difficulties with this.
Once, while hunting, the newcomers came to the village of Lamuts who lived on the banks of a small river, and asked what the name of the river flowing near their houses was. And they heard in response: "Okat", only for some reason it seemed to them that the Lamut had pronounced the word "Okhat".
Returning to their home, they told about that river - and it was unanimously decided to name the settlement "Okhota", and since there was a sea nearby, the name of which was unknown to them, they began to call it the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk.
But there is such a story among the people, a little similar to the historical one. A group of hunters appeared on the banks of the river rich in game, who in a short time were able to catch a sufficient number of animals and birds. And not a day passed without hunters admiring this ideal place where everyone can feed themselves.
Returning to their village, they told about the place they had found on the seashore. After several months, a group of bandits raided this village and took away everything edible. And in order not to die of hunger, everyone decided to go to the seashore. Arriving at the place, the men went hunting and returned with game. And the sea, on the shores of which they settled, was named Okhotsk, meaning the wealth and generosity of nature.
Currently, there are several large ports on the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, supplying seafood and other various goods to many cities in Russia, to points of the near and far abroad.

Pleshcheyevo lake

Lake Pleshcheyevo, also called Pereslavl Lake, is located in the Yaroslavl Region. The lake is quite large and deep, there is the ancient Russian city of Pereslavl-Zalessky (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl-Zalessky), the Trubezh River flows into the lake.
There is a legend, it is akin to the legend of the monster from the Scottish Loch Ness, the famous Nessie. As if they notice from time to time how a mysterious giant appears on its surface, like a mythical sea serpent, popularly nicknamed him the Pleshche. So the lake in which the monster lives was named Pleshcheyevo, that is, Lake Pleshcheya.
Another version of the origin of the name is that a gang of robbers once hunted in the vicinity of the lake, at that time wooded, and the chieftain was called Pleschey. He overcame such fear on the local residents that they were afraid to go to the lake. And the lake itself began to be called Pleshcheev.

Topozero

Topozero is a lake in the north of Karelia, located in the basin of the Kovda River. The lake is quite large and deep, its depth reaches 56 m. With the creation of the Kumskaya hydroelectric power station, it became part of the Kumsky reservoir.
The legend says that Topozero arose because Svarog stamped his foot in this place. And when the place of his footprint was filled with water, a huge lake was formed. And it was at the time when Svarog created the world. As you know, Svarog is one of the supreme deities of the Slavic pantheon and, probably, this legend is of Slavic origin - various Slavic tribes have lived in these places since ancient times.
Topozero is full of charm, like all our northern Russian lakes and rivers - it is majestic, harsh and calm.

Hasan

Lake Khasan is located in the south of the Primorsky Territory near the Posiet Bay, connected to the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan.
The legend of the origin of the name of the lake says that after the defeat during the battle on Far East the army of Khan Hasan Nurul was returning home. And in order not to fall prey to free marauders, wounded warriors made their way through the desert places. Regardless of the wound, Hasan Nurul led his people to the salvation goal. Tired and hungry, they moved slowly. One night, the army went to a lake, the existence of which they did not even suspect, and made a halt. The night was cold, and Hassan's wounds became inflamed, and since there was no healer among the soldiers, Khan Hassan Nurul died after long torments. The next morning, the soldiers dug a grave and buried their leader on the shore of the lake. And in honor of the deceased, they named this lake - Hasan. So this legend was passed down from generation to generation until it reached our times.
Now this lake is not only historical monument, but also a place of recreation and tourism.

Legends about the origin of plant names

There was a girl in the world and she had a loved one - Roman, who made gifts for her with his own hands, turned every day of the girl's life into a holiday! One day Roman went to bed - and he dreamed of a simple flower - a yellow core and white rays radiating to the sides from the core. When he woke up, he saw a flower next to him and presented it to his girlfriend. And the girl wanted all people to have such a flower. Then Roman went in search of this flower and found it in the land of Eternal Dreams, but the king of this country did not give the flower just like that. The ruler told Roman that people would get a whole chamomile field if the young man stayed in his country. The girl was waiting for her beloved for a very long time, but one morning she woke up and saw a huge white and yellow field outside the window. Then the girl realized that her Roman would never return and named the flower in honor of her beloved - Chamomile! Now girls are guessing on a camomile - "Loves - does not love!"