This is the place of volcanic origin in the Far East of Russia. Sikhote-Alin is the territory of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Kraveov, through which the Watershed of the Amur Pool River (Wssuri Valleys), the Japanese Sea and the Tatar Strait.

Translated from the Manchur language Sikhote-Alin means the ridge of big rivers. There are really many mountain ranges, fast rivers With clean water.

The natural world is not comparable to any region of our state in a variety of animals and plants. There are ancient relictic types of flora and fauna. Separate peaks of the mountain ranges exceed a height of two kilometers. Their slopes only published seeming velvety, actually covered with the impassable Taiga.

Through this area flows one of the greatest rivers Russia is a greatest, calm and wide Cupid. Amur has such a species diversity of fish, which is not in any other river of our country (Sazan, Bream, Tolstolob, Som, Nalim, Krasnoproka, Friday, White and Black Amur, Pike, Auch, Chinese Okun, Kaluga, Keta - All species do not count).

In the summer, large dolphins and small (9m) whales are suitable in the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk Sea and small (9m) whales-small polysias. And in the area of \u200b\u200bChartarka Islands from the shore, you can see the fountains of giants - stoppyaton smooth whales. In short, a monument of nature.

Footprints of the ancients in Sikhote-Alin

In the floodplains of the Sikhote-Alin River archaeologists, a person's parking lot (V-III centuries BC) was found. There were villages that were located on the terraces with a height of 4-6 m. This ancient culture of the southern part of Primorye was called Zaisanovskaya. Interestingly, many artifacts discovered by scientists are made of obsidian: knife-shaped plates, clamps, scrapers, bilateral processed arrow tips, triangular knives with beveled blade, slate knives and tips.

When excavations at one of the Plateau Sikhote-Alin, archaeologists have discovered the core of a huge structure of stone. The layout of the structure and nature of finds suggests that this is the Palace of the Bohai Kingdom, which existed on the territory of Manchuria, the Primorsky Territory and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula more than 1000 years ago. In the mountains of Sikhote-Alin, the remains of the buildings of this ancient culture were already found: a signal tower, a lock and several fortifications, which are attributed not only protective, but also religious functions.

Guest from Neba

Another circumstance that attracted the attention of the public and scientists to Sikhote-Alin was the fall of the meteorite, which happened on February 12, 1947. Heavenly guest turned out to be a weighing of 70 tons. Before Earth, he flew in the form of a pile of fragments, exploding in the atmosphere ( very successfully turned out). Meteorite The rain covered the territory of 35 square meters. km. According to eyewitnesses, the outbreak was brighter than the sun, within a radius of 350 km, the roar was heard, earth and buildings were shocked from powerful blows, dust clubs rose into the air. The largest crater was a depth of 6 m and a diameter of 25.5 m.

For the study of the crater field, on which the car left more than 100 funnels, an expedition of the Institute of Astronomy and Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR was organized. Chemical analysis of the Sikhote-Alinian meteorite sharp analysis showed that it was a gigantic piece of iron with minor impurities of nickel and cobalt. He is among the ten largest meteorites in the world.

In 2001, the Sikhote-Alin Reserve was included in the list World Heritage UNESCO as natural object, it becomes over the fourteenth object with the World Heritage status in Russia.

Sikhote-Alin is called an excellent mountain country. On the one hand, the Japanese Sea, on the other, the Valley of Amur and Ussuri and 2.5 thousand kilometers of mountain peaks, pure taiga forests, meadows, rivers, lakes. The territorially, this area is divided among the three district of Primorsky Krai: Ternaya, Krasnoarmeysky and Dalnegorsky.
The history of studying and mastering these places is similar to the exciting Western. Cossack foreman Vasily Poyarkov is considered a pioneer. In 1643, he accompanied by 132 Cossacks went on non-turret roads in Amur region. Travel lasted four years, and followers could not repeat the complex Poyarkov route. The expedition returned to Yakutsk with losses - more than half of the squad left forever in the taiga: someone died in battles with local daurars, and someone from cold, hunger and disease.
Even sadness ended the journey of the French missionary de La Labiner, started in 1845. A year later, his body was found near the village of Gutong, the traveler was brutally killed by representatives of local tribes. Later, the 13th Siberian Linear Battalion of the Russian Imperial Army almost died here. The campaign began in the summer of 1856, and the soldiers were not ready for the cold: no warm things, no food reserves. To meet them, they sent a barge with the province, but she was stranded, and people remained alone with Taiga.
"All the path of the 13th linear battalion since the time of the ice station was littered with corpses. People fed to the meat of the dead, but it did not save them from death. Bad dressed and almost barefoot, they frozen at the privals, without having strength to rise to support the fire of the fussing fire" , "Vladimir Arsenyev's famous traveler wrote in his book.
He also made the first description of the Nature of Central Sikhote-Alin. And the first of this beautiful mountainous country crossed the Russian geographer and ethnographer Mikhail Veniuki.
White spots existed on the Sikhote-Alin map for quite a long time. And if south part The mountains along the rivers, judging by archaeological finds, was mastered by tribes and settlements, then the hard-to-reach central part remained unnecessary and poorly studied. To carefully examine this terrain and keep it unique animal world and vegetation, in the central and eastern parts of the territory in 1935, was organized by Sikhote-Alinsky State Natural biosphere reserve. Currently, it is the largest and well-protected natural reserve in the world.
The word "endemic", which means a biological species living in a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe territory, applies to a variety of species of local flora and fauna. The most famous and specially protected representative of these places is the Amur Tiger. Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is the world's last large holistic territory that is populated by these animals.
Another endemic of the Far East is Far Eastern (Amursky) Forest cat. Fluffy striped beast because of the beautiful fur was on the verge of extinction, but now he lives again in these parts. In total, 63 species of mammals are currently registered on the territory of the reserve.
Every year a lot of tourists are sent for local routes, because Sikhote-Alina is low and gentle. On average, the height of the peaks is 600-800 meters, with the exception of individual elevations (for example, a mountain is high - 1746 meters above sea level). Even those who have no experience experience are solved to storm them. The decoration of the slopes are mountain rivers with thresholds and waterfalls.
The coast of the Japanese Sea is distinguished by the rare harsh beauty inherent in the cold seas. The coast is somewhere straight and sandy, somewhere end with the bizarre rocks and far-out-out-forward ledges. Many beautiful bays and pebble beaches. Those who have happened once here argue that there were no more picturesque and varied places before.
Separately worth saying about the local vegetable world: More than 200 species of trees, shrubs and Lian, not to mention the varieties of herbs, moss and flowers. Many plants grow in Russia solely within the reserve. The most rarest and protected look - the primrose of the Izesky, a modest flower with pink petals, is found only here in some mountains of Japan.
For archaeologists, the reserve is also very curious. IN different time The ancient settlements and later parking lots were found here. The earliest belongs to the VIII-VII centuries BC. e., to the era of mesolitis. The latest finds date back to the XIX century.
And of course the so-called place of force, which many gives literally mystical meaning - Amur pillars. Here seeking to come here anyone who goes to the mountains from Khabarovsk on the Amur River. Huge dark stone pillars created by nature are standing here, it seems forever. In any case, no one has determined their age, as well as the origin. Each stone has its name given by the ancient tribes that arranged magic rites next to the stones: "Hunter", "Bowl", "Shaman" ... Legend says that if you lean your ear to "Shaman", you can hear a knock - it is His heart beats. Or maybe the heart of all this fabulous edge.
Sikhote-Alina Meteorite
On February 12, 1947, a meteorite fell in the vicinity of Ridge Sikhote-Alin. His fragments, the total mass of which scientists are estimated at 60? 100 tons, scattered on tens of kilometers. A total of 106 funnels were found in size from 1 to 28 meters. The depth of the largest is six meters.
Since then, there has been a huge number of both official and informal expeditions. Meteorite Crater Sikhote-Alin is protected by the state, but a year after year to the area of \u200b\u200bthe fall, all new seek stalls of the meteorite are arrived. Some take home cherished trophies. By the way, the composition of the meteorite does not represent any material value: 94% of iron, 5.5% nickel, 0.38% cobalt and very minor lobes of carbon, chlorine, phosphorus and sulfur.
The settlement closest to the place of the fall of the meteorite was previously called Bezukhe, now wears a meteorite name, and two streams in the fall area received the names of a large and small meteorite.
Features of climate
Winter in the reserve relatively soft and very snowy. The average temperature does not fall below minus 15 degrees Celsius. The snow falls in October and keeps April.
A characteristic feature is fogs that are mostly common in marine coastal areas, and over 70% of the fogs fall on the year. Another a natural phenomenon These places are low clouds (when the clouds are much lower than many mountain peaks and you can literally touch your hands).
From June to August in the depths of the mainland, frequent and strong thunderstorms are observed. After a heavy rain for two or three days of the river rises and bloom, the water level will fall as fast. Middle summer temperature - plus15-19 degrees.

Material prepared on request of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation

In February 2015, 80 years will be 80 years old of the oldest protected natural territories The Far East, the largest in the Primorsky Territory Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve.

The reserve is located in the heart of the Primorsky Territory, more than 600 kilometers from Vladivostok. Since 2001, the territory of the reserve is included in the World List natural Heritage UNESCO.

The abrek tract - the habitat of Amur Malla. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

The unique nature of the reserve, the territory of which extends along both the slopes of the Sikhote-Alin Ridge and includes a maritime water management characterized by the highest biological diversity.
In addition to the huge number of types of flora and fauna, the reserve is one of the most beautiful places of the planet that every year more and more tourists attract here, including foreign ones.

During the entire time of its existence, the main task Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve It was the preservation of the rarest cat of the planet - the Amur Tiger. It is from here in the postwar years, when the total number of tiger was no more than 50 individuals, he began to spread through the territory of the region. The reserve has a rich and interesting story, many outstanding scientists worked here.

Svetlana Suttyrin

For the first time, a description of the nature of Middle Sikhote-Alin was made by the Russian explorer of the Far East, a traveler and writer Vladimir Claudiyevich Arsenyev At the beginning of the 20th century. According to the results of a number of expeditions, 1906 - 1910. The mountain region Sikhote-Alin was investigated, which was considered before the "white stain" on the geographic map. Arsenyev noted the uniqueness, diversity and mosaic of the Sikhote-Alin mountain forests, which determined as the "Great Forest."

Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is, first of all, stunning views. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

In Soviet Russia, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a reserve was returned to returned at the beginning of the 30s. XX century, after special expeditions were conducted to organize solo reserves. One of these expeditions was headed by the Woofer Konstantin Abramov, he, together Yuri Salmin He headed the reconnaissance of the projected Sikhote-Alinsky reserve. And then became the first director of this environmental organization.

Lynx. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Suttyrin

The reserve is located in the central part of Sikhote-Alin, on the territory of Trey administrative districts Primorsky Krai: Ternaya, Krasnoarmeysky and Dalnegorsky.

In total, there are 1076 species of vascular plants, 280 species of mugh-shaped, 434 types of lichens, 670 species of algae, 740Vides of mushrooms, 72 species of mammals (of which 11 marine), more than 350 species of birds, 8 types of reptiles, 5 types of amphibians, 32 species Fish, 334 views of marine invertebrates and about 4 thousand types of ground invertebrates

Razyzyri in Kaplanovsky Solonges. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

Assessing the scale of protected nature, in 1979 at the UNESCO Forum, the reserve is assigned the status of the biosphere, thereby including it in the global monitoring network as a standard of the pristine landscape.

In 2001, the territory of the reserve is included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List as "an object that includes the most important or significant natural habitat to preserve biological diversity in it, including the endangered species of exceptional global value from the point of view of science and protection." Total in the list of 26 Russian facilities, of which 12 are natural, including Sikhote-Alin.

Ducks - Mandarin. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

The main task of the nature reserve is the protection of the minor ecosystems of the Sikhote-Alin Range on the junction natural zones, as well as rare species The fauna of Primorye is primarily the Amur Tiger and Mount.

Young Amur Hall. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

There are such types of animals like: Brown and Himalayan Bear, Sable, Harza, Columns, Amur Tiger, Cabar, Cabagra, Far Eastern Forest Cat, Amur Groal, Spotted Deer, Scaly Crochal, Mandarin, Skop, Dickshaw, Fish Filin, Crested Eagle , Beloham and whitefish orlans and many others.

Spotted deer. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Suttyrin

On the territory of the reserve and adjacent territory there are monuments of different archaeological crops. To the most ancient of them, the settlement of the Ternian Anklav of Ustinovskaya Culture (Mesolith) (8-7 millennium BC). The settlement is located on average river. Taiga. The second in antiquity of the "Fertile" settlement is located on a terrace 600 meters from the seashore and belongs to the Lida culture (the Epoch of Paleometallo) (the end of the second and the beginning of the first millennium BC. E.). In the pool r. Djigitovka are located settlements: the Kunaley, Red Lake and the Middle Kingdom, related to medieval monuments of Mohaskaya, Bohai and Zhurzhensky cultures (the first and beginning of the second millennium N. e.), As well as fortresses and settlements of the Middle Ages and settlements of 19-20 centuries.

Lake fertile on the background of the Mountain Camel. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Bondarchuk

In the recent days of May, a very important event for the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve - a heraldic Council under the President Russian Federation considered and approved the project of the new emblem of the reserve.

Now instead of the little-known public of the Rare Plant of the Izsky Priorior, the image of which for more than 20 years served as a sign of the reserve, the Amur Tiger will be bliss on the emblem of this environmental organization.

Amur tiger. Photo: Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Reserve / Svetlana Suttyrin

Posted Thu, 04/12/2014 - 08:35 by Cap

Sikhote-Alin - volcanic field of the Mesozoic Folding Pacific Belt Far East Russia in the territory of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Kraises, which are watershed rivers, and the Tatar Strait.
Length is 1200 km, width up to 250 km, maximum height 2090 m (Tordoki-Yani Mountain), also a height of more than 2 km above sea level (2003 m).

As a rule, the highest peaks of Sikhote-Alin have a sharply outline contour and covered with large-scale spaces on extensive spaces. Relief form resemble strongly destroyed circus and rocks of mountain glaciation.

Sand-shaped sediments with numerous intelsions breakthroughs, which led to the presence of gold, tin and polymetals deposits. In tectonic depressions within Sikhote-Alin, the deposits of stone and brown coal.

Foreigners are common basalt plateau, of which the largest plateau in the west of the Soviet harbor. Plateau sections are also found on the main watershed. The largest - Zevinskoe plateau, on the watershed of the Verkhovyev bikin and the rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. In the south and east, Sikhote-Alin is a sharp middle ridges, in the West, numerous longitudinal valleys and basins, at the heights of more than 900 m - Goltsy. In general, Sikhote-Alin has an asymmetrical transverse profile. Western macroscone is more flat, than east. Accordingly, rivers flowing to the West are longer. This feature reflected in the title of the Range. Translated from the Manchurian language - the ridge of large western rivers.

Sikhote-Alin Mountain Snow

List of famous vertices:

№ Mountain Height above sea level (M)
1 Tordoki-Yani 2090 Khabarovsk region, Nanai district
2 to 2003 Khabarovsk region, district. Lazo.
3 Yako-Yani 1955 Khabarovsk Territory
4 Anik 1933 Primorsky Krai, Fairy district
5 Durce 1903 Khabarovsk region, district. Lazo.
6 Cloud 1855 Primorsky Krai, Chuguevsky district
7 Bolotnaya 1814 Primorsky Krai, Fairy district
8 Satellite 1805 Khabarovsk region, district. Lazo.
9 Acute 1788 Primorsky Krai, Ternaya district
10 ARSENEVA 1757 Primorsky Krai, Fairy district
11 High 1745 Primorsky Krai,
12 Snowy 1684 Primorsky Krai, Chuguevsky district
13 Olchova 1668 Primorsky Krai, partisan district
14 bald 1554 Primorsky Krai, partisan / Lazovsky districts
15 TOUNGA 1459 Khabarovsk Territory
16 Izubinina 1433 Primorsky Kranti Sikhote-Alin

Sikhote-Alin - Motherland of Amur Tigers, the largest representatives of the Feline family
The vegetation of Sikhote-Alin is diverse: the southern and central part of this mountainous country to heights about 500 m is covered with coniferous-wide forests with the predominance of manchurian vegetation species, in the northern part coniferous forests From the ate of Anyanskaya and fir protein. At large altitudes there is a mountain tundra. In the lowlands of the mountains, the grass can reach a height of 3.5 m, and a solid carpet.

Endemic - Far Eastern Leopard lives in the foothills of Sikhote-Alin. Other endemics Mountains are coniferous microbiota and larch Olginskaya.

Winter climate on the eastern slopes are soft, which is determined by frequent average January temperatures are -10-15 ° C. The amount of precipitation for the year is large (up to 800-1000 mm), but most of them falls in the summer. Snow Pokrov is formed in October-November and collapsed in March-April. The duration of the snow cover up to 120-150 days. Distribution of precipitation during the winter period is uniform. Maximum heights are observed in March.
During the winter period, heavy snowfalls, intense blizzards and deep thaws are quite frequent. The duration of a hardening period is up to 90 days, with a peak of avalanche activity in January-March, depending on the nature of precipitation during the cold period. Lavin volumes are small. For the most part of an avalanche-hazardous area there are avalanches of less than 10 thousand m³ and only some of them in the recharged sites of the central part of Sikhote-Alin can reach 30-50 thousand m³.

On the territory of Sikhote-Alin areas with a high degree of avalanche hazard. Most of the districts with a low degree of avalanche danger. Only the upper shovels of Bikin rivers, Choir, Anyu, Koppi and Samargi refer to areas with medium avalanche.
In 2001, the Sikhote-Alin Reserve was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as a natural object, thereby becoming the fourteenth object with the World Heritage Status in Russia.

History of creating a reserve
For the first time, the nature description of the Nature of the Middle Sikhote-Alin was made by the Russian researcher of the Far East, the traveler and writer V.K.Arsenyev in the early 20th century. According to the results of a number of expeditions 1902-1910. The mountain region Sikhote-Alin was investigated, which was considered before the "white stain" on the geographic map. VC. Arsenyev noted the uniqueness, diversity and mosaic of the Sikhote-Alin mountain forests, which determined as the "Great Forest."

The anthropogenic effect on the natural complexes of the region in the first half of the 20th century was very weak. The territory was actively mastered only by hunting fishery, as a result of which by the 30th year, the number of many hunting species of animals was significantly reduced. Sikhote-Alin.

Therefore, the initial design of the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve was under the auspices of activities to create a network of major sable reservoirs, which was to ensure the restoration of highly undermined reserves of this most valuable fur animal, both in Siberia and the Far East.

Places for organizing civic reservations chose special expeditions. One of the first such expeditions was made in 1930-1931. Under the guidance of Okoven K.Abramov and Zoologov M. Preparensky. Although its main goal was cool, already in this talid campaign Abramov looked after the sections with preserved rare animals - spotted deer, the mountain.

In 1933, under the leadership of K.Abramov and the Moscow scientist V.STahanov, the "huntingoprisobiological" expedition was carried out. The first detachment was headed by K. Abramov, the second - Y. Salmin. Abramov passed the valleys of the Hungari rivers, Bikin and Arma; Salmin except visited several bikin tributaries. This expedition came to the following conclusion: considering unique natural resources The surveyed territory, in Middle Sikhote, it is necessary to create a large comprehensive reserve. But the selected path was not smooth. Abram had to fight not only with "fists", poachers, "separate backward elements", but also with government procurement organizations. The creation of the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve caused an open hostility from local fishing enterprises that shot a wild beast to power the workers and piled a beautiful forest, mainly cedar, on firewood and for the manufacture of containers. Abramov also sought the goal of the incredible pressure head. In this expedition, Abramov and Salmin got acquainted and next year, on behalf of the Committee on Reserves, under the WTCIK, he headed the reconnaissance of the design of the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve.

izbak. G.Abramov and Yu.A.Salmin provided a compelling justification for the creation of an integrated reserve, compact in the territorial plan in Mid Sikhote-Alin. It is impossible to overestimate the merit of Abramov in the legal and administrative design of such a huge territory under the reserves in the state institutions of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok. Even on the "team on top", from Moscow, the Far Eastern leaders in the main forest and hunting and hunting equipment opposed to sign documents on the transmission of land by environmental institution. One of the projects provided for the inclusion of a huge area in its border - 3.5 million gg. On February 10, 1935, the SchCSR SCC, and the Sikhote-Alin Reserve on the square of 1 million hectares with the security zone - 700 thousand hectares was established together with other reserves.

The director was appointed K.G.Abramov, and Yu.A. Shelmin became his deputy on science. The first steps of the Nature Reserve's team were very fruitful: from 1935 to 1941. Construction of taable huts, laying a trail, design of the boundaries of the reserve, organization of a systematic study wildlife Middle Sikhote-Alin. According to the memories of A.I. Kurentsov, thanks to Abramov, in a short time, not only the territory of the reserve, but also separate adjacent areas of the taiga, were purified from the Taygetic poacher predators. First of all, the Chinese, permanent poachers behind the Pants, Ginseng, which grown in the deaf binding of the opium poppy and the moon-moonshine from millet. The result of Abramov has become a significant increase in the territory of the reserve. Since 1944, the reserve area has been increased and amounted to 1800 million hectares without a security zone. Sikhote-Alin.

The role of Abramov in the development of the North of the Far East, Konstantin Georgievich is also one of the founders of the Ternaya district and the district center of PGT TERNE.

rukovskypioners studying the nature of the nature reserve became talented scientists who later received wide fame: G. Bromley, K.Y.Gruunin, B.P. Kolesnikov, A.I. Kurentsov, Yu.A. Liveurovsky, V.D.Shamykin and DR . For a short pre-war period, they conducted many interesting studies and prepared four volumes of scientific works of the reserve (two of whom did not see the lights in connection with the conditions of wartime).

In a pre-war, the team of the reserve restored the number of a sable, acclimatized American mink. Unfortunately, in 1951, in 1951, many reserves of the country were closed on the wave of persecution for biological science, the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve Square was reduced to 100 thousand hectares. In this connection, the number and species composition of animals and birds fell sharply, first of all rare. After a few years, it was proved that at a small area it is unlikely to preserve rare plants and animals of Sikhote-Alin. In 1961, the territory of the reserve was increased to 310 thousand hectares.

Currently, the territory of the reserve is 401600 hectares and includes 2900 hectares. The main territory is 397400 hectares, the abrection tract - 4200 hectares. Square zone area - 67660 hectares. On land, the security zones covers both parts of the reserve, their width from 1 km to 5.5 km. At sea, the protected width of width in 1 km is adjacent to both parts of the reserve.

The reserve is located on the territory of the three regions of the Primorsky Territory: Ternaya, Krasnoarmeysky and Dalnegorsky. Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is able to be a full-fledged reserve for most species of animals and plants. In this regard, in 1979, the Biosphere Status was assigned at the UNESCO Forum, and in 2001 the reserve was included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. In July 2006, the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation Sikhote-Alinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve was awarded the name of his organizer and the first director, the founder of the protected case in the Far East, Zoologist Konstantin Georgievich Abramov. Sikhote-Alin.

Mount Tordoki Yani
Tordoki Yani (Taroki-Yanga) - one of the mountain peaks of the south of the Far East of Russia in the Amur region, in the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory
The highest peak in Sikhote-Alin mountain system, height - 2090.4 meters above sea level (according to BSE 2077 m). It is located in the southeastern part of the Khabarovsk Territory north of the border of the Primorsky Territory.

South of the mountain peak is the source of the Anyu River.
On the northern slopes of the mountain massif, the carbon niches remained, which remained since the time of the last period of glaciation, when they had carot glaciers. Currently, they and the adjacent origins of rivers are filled with minor with small lakes (large, top, Marygrikino).
Mount Tordoki-Yani itself is a "rest" between three closely located, almost mulled carriage niches in the origins of the bombing river. The excess of the bottoms of the river is about 500 m, above the Valley of the River Anyuj, located 10 km to the east - more than 1600 m.
The upper border of the forest in the mountain range of Tordoki-Yani is located on a height of about 1400 m. Above the narrow strip is the belt of the cedar staber, and above it the zone of mountain tundras, kurums, stony scaldings and rocks.

mountain Gloria Sikhote-Alin

Sikhote-Alin Meteorite
I would like to tell you this amazing story. Sikhote-Alin meteorite, the largest iron meteorite observed in the fall and relating to the unique phenomena of nature.
The total weight of about 70 tons. Fell on February 12, 1947 at 10 h 38 min in the morning local maternity leave in Western Sikhote-Alin (Primorsky Krai RSFSR).
When moving in the earth's atmosphere with space speed, the meteorite was stripped into thousands of parts and fell by iron meteorite rain on an area of \u200b\u200b3 km2.
The fall was accompanied by a bright chamber observed in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Lands of the RSFSR within a radius of up to 400 km. On the way of the movement of the car, a dust trail was formed, which was visible within a few hours.

After the disappearance of the car, strikes, rumble and hum; In places there was a shaking of soil and buildings. Estimating the decline in the fall of meteorite rain and the collection of its parts was performed by a number of expeditions of the Committee on the Meteorites of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of V. G. Fesenkov, E. L. Krinova and S. S. Fonton.

At the scene of the fall, 24 meteorite crater was detected with a diameter of 9 to 26 m, 98 funnel with a diameter of 0.5 to 9 m and 78 holes with a diameter of less than 0.5 m, formed by a drop in individual meteorites. Larger meteorites, weighing from several hundred kg to several tons, when hitting the rocks, split into a lot of fragments, a meteorite dust was formed, a numerous minor meteorites, a mass of grams of grams, up to several kg, was scattered. In the taiga. By the mid-70s. 20 centuries. They were collected over 3500). The largest whole meteorites weigh 1745, 1000, 700, 500, 450, 350 kg. The total mass of the collected meteorite substance (entire meteorites and their fragments) is about 27 tons. Chemical composition with A. m. (% By weight): Fe - 93.29, Ni - 5.94, CO - 0.38, Cu - 0.03, p - 0.56, S - 0.28; Others chemical elements Contained in insignificant quantities.

ripos of the Ussuri Sikhote-Alin River

Sikhote-Aligna Reserve
Archeology
On the territory of the reserve and adjacent territory there are monuments of different archaeological crops. To the most ancient of them, the settlement of the Ternian Anklav of Ustinovskaya Culture (Mesolith) (8-7 millennium BC). The settlement is located on average river. Taiga. The second in antiquity of the "Fertile" settlement is located on a terrace 600 meters from the seashore and belongs to the Lida culture (the Epoch of Paleometallo) (the end of the second and the beginning of the first millennium BC. E.). In the pool r. Djigitovka are located settlements: the Kunaley, Red Lake and the Middle Kingdom, related to medieval monuments of Mohaskaya, Bohai and Zhurzhensky cultures (the first and beginning of the second millennium N. e.), As well as fortresses and settlements of the Middle Ages and settlements of 19-20 centuries.

river Choir, Western Sikhote-Alin

Hydrology
The hydrological network of the reserve is characterized by a large density - 0.9 km per km². Most large rivers Within the reserve: Taiga (length of the reserve 35 km), Serebryanka (60.5 km), Djigitovka (37.5 km), Columbus (58.7 km) - the influx of p. Big Ussurka (). These are mountain and foothill rivers that feed on atmospheric precipitation and characterized by flood regime during the period of summer-autumn monsoon rains. In dry periods of the year, they are very melting, small ducts completely dry. Rivers are fast, with frequent rivers, and sometimes with waterfalls. Water transparent and cold. At the hottest time, the water temperature rarely rises above 16. The marine water area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 2900 hectares and stretched along the coast of a strip of 1 km wide.

Climate
The climate of the reserve is wearing a pronounced monsoon character, manifested in a sharply opposite change of wind direction in winter and summer. The annual sum of the temperatures of the growing season of the reserve about 2000-2500 ° C, frosting period - 105-120 days, the growing season of about 150 days, the annual amount of precipitation is more than 700 mm. The main amount of precipitation (75-85%) falls into the smokery, wet season - from April to November.

The climate in certain parts of the reserve is rather diverse due to the complexity of the relief and other physico-geographical features of the area. Most of all his difference is manifested in the eastern and western macroscone of Sikhote-Alin. East macroscone is and Pacific OceanTherefore, its climate is characterized by increased humidity and the smoothness of most hydrometeorological phenomena. Here in the first half of summer there is a predominance of sea winds, always accompanied by sharp cooling with fogs and protracted rains. Western slopes, being under the constant "defense of" Sikhote-Alin mining system, are isolated from the direct influence of the sea, which is why the climate is more continental. The average monthly temperature of January on the eastern slopes -12.4 0s, while on Western -22.6 0s, average temperature July, respectively, +15 0 ° C and +19.1 0С. A similar picture and in relation to the amount of precipitation for the year: on the Western slopes there are about 650 mm, and on the eastern up to 800 mm.

Difference climatic conditions It is observed in the context of individual vertical zones and slopes of various exposures. The high-altitude areas of relief and shadow slopes are characterized by a more severe climate and lower average air temperatures throughout the year.

By the nature of the snow cover, the territory of the reserve refers to the Skhota-Alinsky district with uneven thickness and duration of snow cover. The smallest number of snow falls on the central waterproof of Sikhote-Alin. Because of the low power of the snow cover and rather low temperatures, the soil freezes at a depth of 1.5 - 2.0 m. In places of output, some keys are formed. Ice thickness on them 3 m or more.

Thanks to the mountainous relief, a pronounced temperature inversion takes place. It arises as a result of the "flowing" of cold air from the vertices and the slopes of the mountains in lowering and valleys of the rivers.

Partisan Range Sikhote-Alin

Soil
Soil cover of the territory of the reserve is complex and multicomponent. It was formed in the situation of a huge variety of plant associations, climatic and geomorphological conditions, the varnograph of the petrographic and petrochemical compositions of the indigenous rocks (and the weathered products formed from them are soil-forming substrates). Vertical zonality with a wide range of humid landscapes from warm and moderately warm wide forests of a manchuric appearance to cold spruce-larch edging and cedar stabes causes a vertical number of soils from warm wet bourgeogeneous soil formation to cold wet alpha humus (illuvial-aluminum-gumus). At the same time, for each height belt, a peculiar manifestation (and interaction) of factors forming its soil cover (Gracheva, Targulian, 1978) is characterized.

With a vertical change of bioclimatic conditions, the burst of cedar-wide and oak forests are replaced by the illuvial-humus under cedrels with oak, the al-Fe podzoles are humus cedarns with fir and fir, and above - subbours and subzoles of spruce-firing and larch forests. In the floodplains of rivers, primitive alluvial soils are common, replacing at higher levels of river valleys first by ferrous-alluvial, and then burze-turf and turf-bourgean. Under conditions of difficult drainage, gley, ellyivial-gley, peat and peat soils are formed.

Relief
According to the scheme of physico-geographical zoning, the Sikhote-Alin Reserve is within the Sikhote-Alin Mountain Region of the Amuro Primorskaya country. The territory of the reserve is located at the junction of three provinces: Central-Sikhote-Alin; West Sikhote-Alin; East Sikhote-Alinsky.

The reserve is located in the central part of Sikhote-Alin, an extensive mountain structure stretched along from the Ussuri Bay in the south to the north. Sikhote-Alin on the whole world, and especially in the central part, consists of numerous, difficult to intertwined mountain varies and hills with the average height of the mountains 800 m N.M. The characteristic feature of the relief of Sikhote-Alin in general is morphostructural asymmetry with gentle and wide western slopes and short ripples eastern. Accordingly, the biases of the bed are different, erosion activity is manifested with different intensity. Within the western slope of the vertices, there are rounded outlines and often flat surfaces of watersheds, on the eastern slope, the watershed ridges are sharply outlined, the slopes are very cool and in the upper part, as a rule, convex.

The following high-altitude levels are highlighted in the relief of the district:
1. Waterproof level of middle highways with prevailing absolute marks 700-1200 m N.M. (1598 m - Gremmechak)
2. Water regulatory level of lowland with ABS. Heights 300-500 m N.M.
3. The level of hilly-dummy floors with ABS. Heights of 100-200 m N.M.
4. River and sea terraces of a modern hydrographic network with maximum exceeding 60-70 m n.

Maximum height of N.M. - 1598 m G. Germamaka. The lowest form of relief are modern river valley terraces represented by low (0.5 - 1.5 m) and high (1.5 - 2 m) floods over river levels. Next followed sea accumulative terraces (2 - 10 m).

The reserve has two plots: in the south of the mouth of the river. B. Inok to the mouth of the CL. The third, and in the north of Cape the firstborn (1.5 km north) to the mouth of the CL. Commissioner. The direction of the shore is northeast, almost straight or winding. Abrasion shores are dominated by a height from several meters to several hundred meters. Along the fittings of the narrow strip (5-30 m), the collar-pebble beach stretches, near the mouth of the rivers replacing on sandy-pebble or sandy. Often there are abrasion shores without a beach, with coastal cliffs, tearing right into the sea near the shore. Frections abrasion remains (kecura). Small bays are usually wide (up to 2 km) are open from the sea and shallow (up to 3 km) go into land (Jigit Bay).
Most bays are a continuation of rivers flowing into them and constitute the remnants of Estairiev.

South Primorye Sikhote-Alin

Tourist routes Reserve
Excursion ecological route "Urochyschi clear"
The route starts from the village of Terenna and 27 km travels along the road to the "Clear" bark to the Cordon of the Reserve. From here begins a hiking route in the valley beautiful river Cedar-wide and deciduous forests, formed as a result of fires of the early XX century. It has all the stages of the resumption of cedar forests, depending on the strength of the fire and gravity conditions. The trail goes through a picturesque, a kind of natural landscape.
There are often numerous traces of waters of hoofs: pores of boars, traces of raisins and a roe. Also, on the route you can see a rare plant from the family of orchid - Calypso onion, which are listed in the Red Book.

Excursion ecological route "Lake Feak - Bay Comfortable"
Excursion provides an excellent opportunity to observe waterfowl, especially during autumn and spring flights.

Lake fertile one of the major lagoon lakes, which is a beautiful bowl surrounded by the mountains. From the sea, the lake separates only an unbroken pebble beach, which during the storm is blurred by the waves, and the lake is reported for a while with the sea.

The thick thickets of shrubs and herbs on the shores of the lake, the forest on the slopes of the mountains is the place of nesting of many species of birds. In the autumn and spring on the lake, thousands of migratory birds are resting and feeding, including species listed in the Red Book.

mountains Teeth Dragon Sikhote-Alin

Excursion ecological route "Kabani tract"
The route introduces S. various species The vegetation of the East Macroclone Sikhote-Alin and the rare communities of the Far East of Russia.
From naval dubnyakov to the belt of fir-fir forests, the route passes along the southern borders of the reserve along the dijilitsky river basin. Excursants will get acquainted with virgin cedar-fir and spruce-fir forests. This is the only place in Russia, where it grows very rare, the relict plant is Rhododendron Fori. It also meets another rare relic appearance - Tis Poznokone.
From the observation deck, the major trees of Topol Maximovich, which are famous for their sizes are clearly visible. Can be found giant treesreaching 1.5-2 m. In diameter. Often, the hollow inside this tree, the Himalayan Bear uses both berry.

Excursion ecological route "Cape North"
Excursion introduces Larga spotted sealer (Phoca Largha Pallas). The rookery is located on the rocks of the North Cape. Seals are held here all year round, and during the summer feeding, and during autumn-winter migrations, up to 400 seals accumulate on the stones.
Here, land is the territory of the reserve, and the adjacent sea section is a security zone of the reserve.

The route starts from the suprara of the stream of the dry key, where they come to spawning salo species Fish. Next passes through the forest and meadow. Tourists will be able to see Manchurian Walnut, Olhu, ash, Maple. Spring abundantly bloomed violets, farm forest. Summer Borschevik, Chemeritsa Daurskaya.
On the entire section of the trails there are traces of wildlife of boars, spotted deer, raisrery, hares, roe deer, bear traces and tiger.

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Source of information and photo:
Social team
http: //Sialin.rf.
Windannikov V. V. Geological structure of the Sikhos-Alinsky Reserve and Central Sihino-Alin

Small Atlas of the World ISBN 5-85576-095-2
Sikhote-Alin became the object of world heritage
http: //100chudes.rf/
Atlas of the Khabarovsk Territory, FSUE "Far Eastern Aerogeodesic Enterprise" 2004
http://rus-atlas.ru/
Sikhote-Alin - an article from the Big Soviet Encyclopedia
http://www.tigers.ru/
http://allrefs.net/
http://www.photosight.ru/
Photo: V. Karmanova,

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Translated from the Manchur language Sikhote-Alin - the country of mountain ranges, fast and clean rivers. This can also be characterized by the territory of the reserve, located in the middle part of this mountainous country, only adding "... and virgin forests". The reserve conceived to restore the population of a sable. However, later, in the study of the territory, it was discovered that many of the animal and plants disappeared in other regions here were preserved here.

The uniqueness of these lands is that representatives of Manchurian, southern ecosystems, as well as the Okhotsk, Northern, are encountered and exist. The variety of flora and fauna of the reserve enhances the fact that it is located both on the eastern and in the Western macroscone of Sikhote-Alin, which differ significantly by natural conditions. By 1935, when the reserve was organized, the local forests remained almost not affected by fires, cabbage, uncontrolled hunting fishery, so on its territory and today you can study ecosystems, very close to the fact that Millenniums existed here. And the surrounding land is not yet too changed by a person, and the protected areas did not turn into separate, sharply different "islands".

Why the reserve millions of hectares?

By the mid-1940s, the Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve Square was 1.8 million hectares! He was the largest in our country and one of the largest in the world. To cross it from the end to the end, it was necessary to go through 250 km. But he was located mainly on the Western Macroclone and did not have access to the sea. In 1951, when many protected areas were eliminated or strongly cut down, Sikhote-Alinsky Square also decreased ... 18 times. In the following decades, positive changes occurred: the boundaries of the reserve in relation to the previous period expanded more than 3 times, the protected land flowed to the southeastern slope and went to the sea. This narrow, aimed to the sea "sleeve" includes most of the coast between terneney and jigit bays. In addition, a separate area was attached to the reserve - Abrek - an unusually picturesque place at Cape Mosalaov, with whom the local group of Malary is connected.

However, today the territory of the reserve is five times less than the maximum area of \u200b\u200bits 1940s. How important is it and why? The fact is that many large mammal Quite extensive zones are required for habitat, and no other (the most simplest) conditions cannot be replaced. That is why small reserves for many species become only "supporting points", of which the beasts apply to non-shown territories. Effective reservations can serve only very large protected areas. With the existing area, Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve can be considered a full-fledged reserve for the raisins, cabaggia and many other hoofs and predators. However, it is impossible to ensure the preservation of a tiger in such a territory in a long run.

Rivers and slopes

The characteristic feature of the relief of Sikhote-Alin in general and protected areas in particular - morphostructure asymmetry. What it means is clearly visible from the plane. But another 8 early 20th century, the famous traveler, a scientist and writer V. K. Arsenyev wrote: "Rising to Sikhote-Alin, I saw, as it was necessary to expect a gentle slope to the west and fringe-east." Because of this, the slopes of the bed are different, in general, the nature of the rivers, with different intensity, the erosion activity of watercourses is manifested. In the east, the valley of the rivers are narrow, fast, 2-3 m / s, many rocky thresholds and small waterfalls - noisy and foam cascades. Bourgeing rims alternate with splas, where the flow slows down to 0.2-0.3 m / s and the water acquires a greenish blue color. Such is, for example, the Serebryanka River, which crosses the reserve almost in the middle.

Columbus is the largest river in the reserve on the Western Macroclone. Even in the upper course, it does not look like a mountain stream. It does not boil, it does not fance, but more often forms extensive splashes with a smooth and calm smoky surface in shallow water and dark - on deep.

The Sikhote-Alin Mountains on the protected part of it is not too high (most of them lie in the range of heights of 500-800 m above sea level), but very complex, branched. Mountain ridges and spurs, valleys and spinners seem endless and countless. Several vertices are raised above the total mass, exceeding the level of 1000 m: Snow Mountain, Ternaya and Shandian Mountain. The highest point is a mountain Ceremakanka, which reached 1598 m. So, the slopes of various steepness occupy about 80% of the reserve area.

The rest is the river valleys. Especially wide, from several tens of meters to a kilometer and more, the shores are broken in the middle course of rivers. The slopes here form 5-6 terraces. The same V. K. Arsenyev, traveling through the valley of Serebryanka, noted: "In the outcrops it can be seen that the terraces of these apparent education and consist of clay, yals and angular stones with a horse with a horse head. There was a time when some forces created these terraces. Then suddenly came peace. The terraces began to overcome the forest, which is now numbered more than two hundred years. "

What can compete on beauty with these gigantic green steps? Only landscapes of the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. The same dense-green, but cool, 100-150 m height, the slopes, adjacent to the rocky ridges of the rueen appearance, deep rafts and sheer cliffs under 300 m. Especially highlighted the central part of the Abrek mountain range, which rose by 626 m above sea level. Only in the mouths of the rivers you can see wetlands, bordered
Sand shafts.

Rare and mysterious

If the river network of the reserve is very thick, then the lakes are small here, but they are very different. In the seaside strip there are lagoon water reservoirs. This shallow sea bays cut from the sea with sandy nansions (in the mouths of the rivers) or as a result of raising the coastline. Blueberry and Japanese lakes are completely isolated from the sea, and the gracious connects with him with a twist during the rainy.

Framed with oak groves, sparkling with a mirror stitch, were attached among Sikhote-Alin's ridges. Six pure mountain chandy lakes located at an altitude of 500 m above sea level, in the upper reaches of the creek. The name of these Solonz lakes is derived from Palevulkan Shandy, which formed terrain in time immemorial times. The biggest is the royal - the riddle of the riddle. You can admire this reservoir unusual, triangular, you can only in the fall. Paradoxically, but during the spring flood, the lake disappears, leaving at the bottom thin crust of the ice. Not filled with a basin and summer. Only autumn water returns to the previous place. In the nearby lake Rogo, the water level remains almost constant and during the autumn rains, and during the rapid wastewater from the mountains in the spring. Finally, the causes of such different modes have not yet been established.

Mining contrasts

The difference in the temperature of the water area and the earth's surface gives the climate of the Musonic nature reserve, expressed in a sharp change of the direction of the wind depending on the time of year. In the summer, the territory of the reserve is laughing monsoons from the sea, cold dry mines in the reverse on the board are blowing. Monspi bring wet air and in summer months Above the coast holds a low dense layer of clouds. They envelop the mountain ranges, fill the intermediate depressions and shed strong rains. In total, the warm period falls 80-85% of the annual amount of precipitation. At the same time, the eastern slope accounts for almost two times more rain than on Western.

But autumn is the best and beautiful time of year, generous to clear, sunny days. By the end of November, the land and mountains are covered by snowy snowdrifts. In winter, there is frosty and windy, but very clear, winter months In Primorye, the most sunny in Russia. However, on the eastern slope the weather is always softer, because the sea is near. On Western - usually more frosty and dry. Interestingly, within 100 km, the temperature may differ at 25 ° C!

In the spring, on the contrary, the sea cooled over the winter cools the air on the coast, there are fogs and rains and drizzle. At the same time, the sun shines in the Western Macroclone.

Among the sea forests

From a bird's eye view Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve is a forest sea, taiga jungle, replete with rare vegetation species. The reserve center area includes seven natural niches, depending on the height above sea level: coastal zone, seaside oak forests, cedar Wide, fir-fir-firing, stone-birch overgrown cedar stabel and mountain tundra.

Primorskaya, more southern, zone is replete with dubers. Oak Mongolian - here, as in the whole Far East, the most common broadcase tree. Externally, it is not at all like a well-known oak of the middle strip of Russia: five leaves with sharp cutters are collected in the outlet, in the center of which there is a small acorn.

As you move deep into the mainland, we fall into the cedar-wide-wide forest, then the space conquer coniferous rocks: Korean cedar, Ayanskaya spruce, white fir. Under the crowns of powerful three hundred-year cedars, 25-30 m high, shrubs of rare species, among which there are medicinal: Aralia Manychu, Eleutherococcus, chinese lemongrass. The undergrowth at the beginning of the summer is pledging in colors. On splashing two-meter bushes Abelia Korean, the mass of gentle pale-pink small, but very fragrant flowers blooms. For meter height raises its magnificent orange-red bouquets of Lilia. With her beauty can only argue the pearl-silver edelweiss of the palish. It is no coincidence that many poetic legends are connected with this symbol of the mountains. The flower really looks unusually. The inflorescence and baskets themselves are small yellowish shaggy lumps, but they are surrounded by snow-white fluffy leaves, forming silver stars. Whole scattering of these gentle stars is the phenomenon of extraordinary beauty. Ferns may surprise no less here. At one and a half meters, they raise their funnels from carved large leaf leaves ordinary, wide openwork circles cast out adiantum stopovid, arches curves their light green leaves onconcelas sensitive and next to them, of course, cosmopolitan - Orlyak ordinary.

Unique Flora Sikhote-Alin is rich in relict species. Tis Pointed, Walnut Manchursky, Velvet Amur, Ash Manchursky, Ilma, Japanese and Badded, Highly Growing here, as and 23 million years ago.

Sikhote-Alinsky "Ficus"

On the territory of the Sikhote-Alinsky reserve a lot of rare representatives of flora grow, including those entered in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. One of them is Rhododendron Forie. In the early 1960s, geologists who worked in the central part of the reserve reported that they saw a ficus growing under Sikhote-Alin Sikhos. Nerds did not believe it southern Plant. Nevertheless, soon on the eastern slopes of Sikhote-Alin, at the origins of Serebryanka and Djigitovka rivers, under a canopy of cedar-fir forests, they found thickets of a tree shrub, truly resembling a fiber, a height of 5-6 m, with red-brown bark and dark green leathery leaves. This was Rhododendron Shortopling (Fori). The biosphere reserve is the only place in Russia, where it grows. This evergreen plant is very decorative: the beautiful caps of white inflorescences bloom once every 2-3 years, in a particularly hot summer. In winter, his leaves drench and twisted into the tube. Last year falls out in August next year.

Residents of the Lost Mira

An important feature of the reserve is the mixing of animal species, distant in its geographical origin: representatives of the northern and southern fauna coexist within one ecosystem. But mixing is not so easy. Even specialists are not easy to understand in a wide variety of combinations existing here. In some places, the ecosystem is exactly fused, in others are located stripes. In addition, the composition of the fauna depends on the relief and the microclimate of each particular place.

On the coast of the Japanese Sea, you can meet Largu, or the Pestry Nerpen, and the otter, which in the local conditions was mastered not only in the rivers, but also in the sea. In the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Japanese Sea there are cetacean: the killer, small polysya, northern floating, Dolphin-Belobook, AFALINA. Coastal cliffs were frightened by white face, swallows-funnels, rocky pigeons, Ussuri cormorant, especially protected Orlan-Belochvost. The sea coast lives and Filin.

However, not for all the inhabitants of the coast, the most important condition is the proximity of the sea. For example, the dismemberment of the relief, the presence of large rocky arrays is of paramount importance. But along the Sikhote-Alin Rivers, rock outcrops do not form large arrays, and far from rivers Rocky slopes almost completely covered with forest and in winter there are a lot of snow. Therefore, the entire local population is focused on the seaside, where rocky cliffs and very steep slopes with multi-kilometer gear ridges provide reliable refuge, there are a lot of bright green lunks, giving food, and in winter the sun and wind do not allow to form a high snow cover. The most optimal conditions for the mountain - on the Ambrek array. The strip of his cliffs stretches 10 km, the highest point is 626 m. Thus, the mountain range is a narrow tape, and the density of their population is very high - approximately 225 animals by 10 square meters. km.

The life of spotted deer and boar is connected with the dumbers. Rassera and the root attract Gary Manchur type - Deflectful Mescalese with the participation of broadening rocks. The obsessted banks of the rivers are suitable for the nesting of two types of ducks: Mandarins and scaly crochal. Moreover, the tangerine on the western macroscone settles the river almost everywhere, and on the eastern only the bottom, more calm, current. Scaly Crochal, on the contrary, prefers rivers flowing to the sea. The valley sprues and the northern cedarns settles the Kabarga, the dark taiga loves both sable. In the taiga, the brown and white bears are found. The second prefers the valleys of the rivers. Brown loves Marie - rarefied larchs on sphagnous swamps. It also lives elk, hareboy, wolverine. Strongly dismembered mountain ridges and spurs with rocky ridges and narrow splashes covered with dense forests - the habitat of the ryss. The main predator of the reserve is the Amur Tigger - the kedrachi covering the mountain ranges and sobs, and the valley forests are equally attracted. However, these animals prefer the slopes of the southern exposition: there is always smaller than snow, warmer and is more likely, much more likely to meet production - boar or raisy.

And how many other forest birds and small mammals, which form the most unusual combinations on different microterritories! This is an immense field of activity for scientists.

Antistress for four-legged

Sikhote-Alin is rich in natural sollets (rock salts and other minerals in soil or water) having great importance For feeding there are rare animals living there. Famous in Sikhote-Alina, the deposits are located in the Basin of the Columbus River, in the headwaters of the key of the Salon and Shandy. Surprisingly, vegetation, usually sensitive to sleeping soil, feels no worse than in other places. Salt and other minerals protrude on the surface of the soil under the influence of weathering and blurring rocks. Beasts gnaw and lick crystalline education. Another type of solonets is formed in the rods of small, calm current sources of water saturated with salts and minerals. By barely noticeable taiga trails in the spring and autumn and fall here behind the fantastic moose, raisubry, roe, spotted deer and even hares. The water of solontsi includes in its composition of sodium salt, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and therefore has a bluish shade. Mineral substances increase the stress resistance of animals, improve the metabolism, digestion.