What taiga animal falls in winter in a hibernation. Hibernation

With the help of winter hibernation, many animals adapt and adapt to winter. As soon as the first white fluffy snowflakes, residents of the fields and forests fall into the hibernation, which can be described as a kind of economical mode.

At this time, the body is rebuilt and some changes occur: heartbeat slows down, the metabolism is reduced 20-100 times, and the body temperature is approximately compared with the temperature ambient.

Hamsters prefer to winter. All entrances and exits in their mink they fall asleep the earth. In the whole winter they wake up just a few times. Make this stocked animals in order to make sure that all their food in place, no one took her, and, of course, to eat. In mink hamsters, many small camork filled with various seeds and grains.

Surki winter the whole family. In one hole, more than ten adults typically winters. Before the hibernation onset, these animals take care of the comfort of mink and insulate it with hay. They have grown holes. After preparing a housing to wintering, they fall asleep and wake up only in the spring when it warm on the street. Since in the winter they do not wake up for food, they do not reserve food.

The hedgehogs also equip the dwelling before in winter, they usually insulate its grass, leaves, moss. Having completed the preparatory work, hedgehog climbs into a mink, turns around with a ball and falls asleep. The hook of these animals lasts more than six months. During wintering, hedgehogs do not wake up, do not eat and do not even move.

They are preparing for winter in advance, in the autumn they start in large quantities there are frogs, mice, lizards, beetles and all sorts of forest fruits and berries. Thanks to the enhanced nutrition, the badger feeds fat, whose weight is several kilograms. It serves as an animal source of life during a tightening hibernation. Make a hole This animal can easily and simply, he is enough one day. Then the Barsuk spares the leaves into his dwelling, of which the bed suits himself, on which he spends the winter. Sometimes a badger winter is not alone, he can have guests, for example, raccoon. Bumbers are well referred to such a neighborhood, because together warmer.

Before the onset of winter is trying to bring in a mink as much as possible food, which is guarded and caught before the onset of spring, since it is in spring that these animals marriage. Their stocks can reach five kilograms of seeds, and the seeds are carefully chosen so that they do not stop. Chipmunks are very greedy animals. In winter, they eat only in extreme cases when they are completely exhausted with hunger and cold. But in the spring, neither one animal has no such food reserves, what a chipmuncture is.

Everyone probably heard that the Bear sucks the paw. This is really the case, but it does it because the skin on the paws itchs and the bear thus clears the damaged of the skin. These animals are preparing for hibernation, they equip their berry, insulating it with branches, buns, moss, bumps. Does not forget the bear and about the bed, which he crareshes from the same materials. Before you fall asleep, the bear bypassing the territory around the Berlogs, carefully examines it, and then, making sure that everything is in order and there is no danger, it starts to go back to the Berorga, thus noticeable traces. Do not want someone to disturb them during hibernation.

The last few weeks before the onset of the cold bears begin to actively eat all edible. They do it in order to gain as much fat as possible. First of all, they try to eat more calorie foods to which fish and nuts include. At this time, the number of food consumed by these animals increases three times. Shortly before the hibernation itself, they go to a vegetarian diet, eating stalks and roots of plants, the number of food consumed is very small during this period. As a result, the stomach bear gradually empties and seals. Now the bear can heal in the hibernation. But their sleep is not strong, and sensitive and wary, in the event of the danger or appearance of the enemy to be alert. The body temperature in these animals is reduced, and the body is warmed due to fat.

The bear swords are practically not sleeping in winter, because during this period they give birth to cubs, and several people appear in the winter. The offspring grows very slowly. The female organism during this period is configured so that the youngsters are fed and heated to the spring. The winter of a bear without water and feed, so at the end of winter the poor is a cadence and a depleted animal with greed either either either residues of lingers and cranberries.

Sleep in males anxious, they listens to outside sounds with cautiousness. These animals will not let anyone to their burgroge at close distance. Sometimes they can get out of the burgrels to make sure there is no danger nearby. If the berrher appeared to an animal too cold, raw or it is simple there is inconvenient, then the bear can change the dwelling. However, to find a new burgrel in the winter, and even free and comfortable, almost impossible.

Winter cold make their own adjustments to the behavior of many animals. Bears, raccoons, hedgehogs, Surki, Badki, Tuskanki fall into the hibernation before the onset of heat, but there are those who do not sleep in winter, trying to survive in difficult natural conditions. What animals do not sleep in winter in the forest? These include almost all the wildest animals belonging from children's fairy tales: proteins, hares, foxes, wolves, etc.

Prepare for Winter Most forest inhabitants Starts before the onset of cold weather. Some of them are in advance food, change the wool color, landscape their home. Such prudent animals include proteins. Their preparation for frost begins in warm time. In winter, the proteins inhabit the nests, which they arrange in empty dupes or on branching branches. Rodents are in advance of the nuts, thrills, bumps and mushrooms, so that they have something to eat them in a heavy winter time. They are hiding their food blanks under old stumps, moss, in empty humps and roots of trees. The dwellings of the proteins are insulated with dry straw, leaves and moss, which are also covered long before frosts. Winter is a hunker in the nest, leaving him only to take food from his caches. Before cooling the Belich, the fur coat changes its color from redhead on gray, so that its owner is not so noticeable against the background of white snow. Lucky wool becomes more dense and warm, helping the protein worthy of worrying cold season. The inhabitant of trees is immersed in a short hibernation only in tall frosts, the rest of the time deftly jumps on the branches, becoming a real decoration of empty forests and parks.

Unlike the hardworking protein, the hare is not preparing for the winter. In a cold, he is not easy for him, because he does not have his warm mink or burgroast, where he could wait for a young frost or hide from enemies. In front of the winter, the hares are linen, changing the color of their coat with gray on white. This allows them to become invisible for hungry predators who grow in the forest in search of mining. In order for the animal to be more comfortable to move around the cold snow and slippery ice, his paw pads are covered with wool. The main problem Rodent in winter becomes a search for food. It does not make any food reserves, so with the onset of frost he has to eat only what will be able to find. The main eartle of the hares in the cold months is becoming survived from the autumn dried and frozen berries, dry grass, bark and tree branches. In winter, hares prefer to keep closer to human housing: here they have the opportunity to enjoy hay, the remnants of animal feed and bark fruit trees. In the afternoon, rodents prefer to sleep, and in search of foods go to the dark time when they are least noticeable for predators and hunters. There are no warm dwellings at Zaitsev, the covers for them are minks that they tear themselves in the snowdrifts. From freezing, they save them thick wool, and from enemies - fast paws.

Those who do not sleep in winter often have hard, because to survive the snow and hungry months are far from all animals. Constant food searches - not the only test for animals in winter forest. Hunters become an equally important problem for them, the number of which with the onset of the cold poray of the year increases sharply. But, despite difficulties, the animals are managed not only to find their meals and hide from enemies, but also prepare for the birth of offspring.

Fox in winter feels like a forest hostess. The cheating does not change the color of his fur coat, as proteins and hares do. Survive the strong frosts helps her thick and warm undercoat, which begins to grow in another summer. Paws of red predators are covered with wool, thanks to which it can calmly step through the snow and not to blame. Lisam does not tend to make food reserves, so the search for food becomes their daily problem. They deftly find under the snow mice, often make their way to the villages and steal in humans, geese and other poultry. Often the prey of the beast becomes a hare. There is no housing in the fox, she will spend the night in the snow, curling into the ball and sticking the nose in a fluffy tail. From January to February, the fox lasts the marriage period. Several males can care about one female. To achieve her favor, they arrange real battles. The chief of females becomes the strongest male. After mating with him, Lisa begins to select a place under Nora, in which she has to give birth and grow the future offspring. To protect your cubs from enemies, they equip the minks on the hills, where the entire terrain is clearly visible.

What animals do not sleep in winter yet? Of course, wolves are the most dangerous forest predators. On the eve of winter, they finish long and thick wool, which allows them to carry the cold. The wolf has no hole or burgots. He sleeps on the snow, sticking the tail and paws with its own tail. In winter, wolves spend a day in a dream, waking up and leaving for a hunt after the onset of twilight. They see perfectly in the dark and have excellent hearing, allowing you to hear the slightest rustle. In search of food wolf ready to run tens of kilometers. He hunts not only on small animals, but also on large animals whose sizes exceed its own. Wolves are sent to hunting both alone and the packages (the coherent actions of all its participants help get a large beast). Being strongly hungry, they become illegible and often attack people and dogs. In the absence of large mining, these predators are content with small rodents. In order to survive, wolves are ready to physically eliminate competitors. There are often cases when they are staggering foxes in order to take possession of their prey. Wolves not only hunt with flocks, but they live in them, because it is so easier for them to survive in difficult conditions. They lead a nomadic lifestyle and only at the end of the winter extend their lair for the birth of offspring.

It is difficult to go to wild boars in Cold. If in the winter there are no heavy snowfall and strong frosts, these animals feed on small rodents, residues of acorns, roots and leaves. In a man-made cold, when the earth freezes, they often have to starve. Because of this, the boars are strongly weakened and often become the prey of wolves. To protect yourself from danger, they sleep in the lair built from false foliage, and in search of food are chosen at night.

Winter is the most troubled season for the country's inhabitants. During this period, animals have to work with difficulty to produce food and maintain marginal caution, in order not to get into the paws of predators and not become the prey of hunters. An exception to this rule is only a protein that makes food reserves in advance and draws its nest in such a way that in winter it was cozy and warm.

Greetings to you, dear friends, on the pages of the blog "School"! My name is Evgenia Klimkovich and I invite you for the next portion of useful and interesting information, which will surely come in handy to you to prepare projects on the environment.

Today we will talk about what animals fall into hibernation in winter.

Let's try to make your own list, Top 5 animal-lit.

We learn that winter sleep may be different.

And we'll figure it out why animals generally go to bed at all? From this, perhaps, and let's start.

Lesson plan:

Why sleep so long?

For this, there are two main reasons:

1. Getting cold.
2. It becomes hungry.

Animals - lovers sleep inhabit, mostly, in those places of land, where in the winter season it becomes quite cold. Where snow falls out, and because of this, food that animals eat are disappeared. There are also in Russia.

And then the question arises. Why then not all animals fall asleep? Here are hares, for example, all winter will jump on the forest in the white coat. Or foxes, they don't sleep too.

Let's think.

What do the hares eat? In the summer, they eat herbs, berries, seeds, do not refuse mushrooms and young shoots of shrubs.

And in the winter, when the all the above under the snow does not find, the bunnies are eating fallen twigs of trees, stalks sticking out from under the snow, clap the bark from the trunks and chew the dry grass that they manage to dig.

Well, foxes, they and in summer and winter hunt. On the same hares, birds, mice, sometimes make raids on the chickenurs.

In addition, these animals closer to winter change their fur coats for warmer. And therefore it is difficult to survive in the winter in winter, but you can.

But the poor frog fur coat and in summer there is no no, so the cold should not survive. So you have to go to bed.

Some animals in search of food are capable of moving over long distances. So, for example, the northern deer comes when the Lichen Yagel is ends in their habitats - the main food of deer.

And how to be hedgehogs, for example? They will still have something else on their short legs, and winter will end.

Migratory birds are saved from cold and hunger, flying into warm edges.

And if the gophers were able to fly, they would fly away and they follow the birds. But they do not know how to fly. And so they also have to fall into the hibernation.

Do you know that the animals are singing differently?

Types of winter sleep

Animals are all different and therefore they sleep in the winter, too differently. You can highlight three types of winter sleep:

1. Hook.
2. Catch.
3. Anabiosis.

Slotch

Hibernation The scientific is called "hibernation".

Deep sleep, during which an animal changes all the processes in the body:

• palpitis and breathing slows down;
• the body temperature is reduced;
• nervous activity is braked.

Catching

The animal fell into a stupor completely still, he dramatically decreases all the vital indicators. And often the body temperature of the animal is only slightly different from ambient temperature.

Anabiosis

"Anabiosis" comes from the Greek word meaning "Return to Life"

Compared to a stitching and hibernation, anabiosis is a deeper slowdown in all life processes. Analysis is in a state of anabiosis, it is easy to adopt for the dead, as heartbeat and breathing slowed down so much that they can be caught only with the help of special equipment.

And now I imagine the top 5 well known animals that fall into the winter hibernation. And let's start with all of us well-known brown bear.

Brown bear

FROM junior Group kindergarten We all know that the bear in the winter sleeps in Berlog and the paw sucks. Is it true? Well, at the expense of the paw, of course, it is fiction. But at the expense of sleep - pure truth.

Moreover, the Mishka begins to prepare for his long Snah in the summer. It goes to the enhanced power mode in order to accumulate more subcutaneous fat, a layer of which to autumn can reach 10 cm. Nutrients should be enough, because during the hibernation the bears do not eat and do not drink.

Switch bears Sweet forest berries, roots, honey of wild bees. Love to enjoy fish or ants, as well as small animals.

But to accumulate fat is not the only care of bears before bedtime. You still need to find a place where in the hibernation to fall and equip the Berlogue. For Berloga, bears choose the places of dry, warm and protected from the possible invasion of enemies.

The bear can arrange a burgrel:

• between the roots of trees;
• in Duples;
• in an old anthill;
• in the dugout dug.

And sometimes the bear is building a horse burgrel from the busty trees, it resembles a big nest. In order to sleep, it was convenient and warm, the bottom of Berloga, the Bear sweeps moss and fir branches.

When does the Bear go to bed? From November to December. The north and colder the habitat of the bear, the earlier he is closed in his berry.

It is interesting! The first to sleep pregnant bear and mammies with cubs.

Well, bears wake up from the end of February to April.

Sleep from bears is not so deep. He turns over in Berrhog with her side on his side, you can wake it up. The bear wakes up in the winter in the winter to make a cubs and wipe them in a cozy and safe Berror with their milk.

Body Temperature Bear During hibernation drops slightly, only 5 degrees. And the heart beats at a speed of 10 beats per minute.

It also happens that the bear does not have time to prepare for the winter. Does not gain the desired stock of fat or does not shut up the berry. Then he does not fall into the hibernation, it goes all winter in the forest, hungry, angry and very dangerous. This is a bear called the connecting rod. And it is better not to meet with him.

Want to know who among the animals besides the bear flows into the winter dream? Then read on)

Hedgehog

Isn't hedgehogs fall into winter hibernation? Quite right, fall into! Yes, not just in the hibernation, but the most real stupor. At the same time, the temperature of their body decreases with the usual 34 degrees to 1, and the amount of heartbeat is reduced to a minimum.

In order to understand why his herself sleeps in winter, it is necessary to get acquainted with his diet. So, the favorite dishes of our barrier friend are:

• worms;
• slugs;
• snails;
• frogs;
• beetles;

This is basically insects, which will not be able to prepare, like, for example, protein nuts.

And hedgehogs can eat snakes, even poisonous. They do not act on them. Scientists still can not understand why this happens.

And due to the fact that there are no food for horses in winter, they fall to bed. But first it is carefully prepared. Yozh, like the Bear, tries to eat more to accumulate fat, and is looking for a mink in some secluded place.

Nora must be a deep about 1.5 meters. Otherwise there will be very cold and the hedgehog will simply freeze. The bottom of the beast sweeps dry grass and thoroughly takes her. Then clogs the entrance to Noura, turns into a glomerulus and flows into a stupor. The colder it becomes on the street, the deeper a hedgehog.

In such a state, the hedgehog can stay up to 240 days without food and water. Well, when in the spring, it becomes warmer, his hedgehog comes out of the stupor and is chosen from his mink.

Bat

Another large insect lover, which is forced due to lack of food and low temperatures in winter to fall into the hibernation.

Some species bats Like a migratory birds fly to warm edges, but most of the species remains wintering where the summer is hunting.

For their winter sleep, the bats choose places where the air temperature even falls below 7 degrees. Where is quite high humidity and there are no drafts. It can be caves, mines, dungeons, hollow trees, attics and basements of houses.

Sleeps a bat, firmly clutching with its paws to the ceiling or wall.

The body temperature during this period is significantly reduced, as well as the amount of heartbeat per minute. Moreover, if it becomes too cold in the place of wintering, or if someone disturb the animals, they leave anabyosis and move on to a more suitable place where they fall asleep again.

In such sleepy state, the mouse can be up to 6-8 months.

It is interesting! Volatile mice is not easy to find a place for wintering. Therefore, they remember the successful places where it was already possible to winter and return there again.

Frog

And how do you experience a harsh winter well known frogs? Here it is impossible to give one answer. Frog There are about 500 species. And they winter in different ways.

A bull frog, for example, descends on the bottom of the lake and breaks into il. So sit all winter. The body temperature is very much reduced. She does not eat, does not drink and does not even inhale oxygen.

The question arises, how is the frog breathe? And why is she not dying without air? The fact is that in such a state, the frog does not need to spend energy, and therefore the oxygen is practically not needed. And then a small amount of oxygen, which is necessary, penetrates through the skin.

The bull frog comes out of the anabiosis when the ice is melted on the surface of the lake. Previously, she just do not get out. Well, since the lakes are rarely freezing until the bottom, then the frog is all winter in a kind of thermos, which does not allow it to frozen finally.

But far from all frogs winter in water. There are those who arrange "bed" on the shore. Under the cores, under the stones. When winter comes, these frogs fall into deep anabiosis. It even happens that the temperature of their body falls below the zero degrees.

Looks like such a little animal as dead. But if you warm up the frog, then she will come to life.

Gopher

So who loves to sleep, so it is Suslik. Relative protein. In winter, it flows into a stupor and can be in such a state for more than 6 months. But the most interesting thing is that in the summer Suslik there will be little food, he can heal and in a summer hibernation.

Summer hibernation by scientific calls "Estivation".

Susliki feed with roots and leaves of plants, herbs, grains, seeds.

Susliki excellent diggers. They burst their holes in a depth of 3 meters. Well, the length of such a mink can reach 15 meters. The nest is arranged in the mink, which is lined with grass and leaves. In this nest, Susliki give birth to offspring and sleep in winter.

Sleeping animals sitting on the hind legs, they lower the head to the abdomen and covered with the tail. And sleep very deeply. To wake them can not be a loud sound, nor a little warming.

To the touch, sleeping susslik is completely cold, his feet become white. If the wakefulness of Suslik is inhales 150 times a minute, then in a stitching only 1 time in 8 minutes. And the body temperature decreases very much, sometimes up to - 3 degrees.

During hibernation hibernation losing up to half of their weight. So animals necessarily need to eat well before long sleep in order to accumulate more fat and muscular mass. Otherwise, winter can not be survived.

How can I supplement the project to make it still more? For example, poems about winter animals. Some you can hear in one of the issues of the program "Visiting Dunyashi", which I found for you.

There is still a lot of interesting on the blog for you. For example, you can get closer to the owner of the mountains - a snowy leopard, and you will find a lot of fascinating information about the May beetle.

Today everything!

I wish you a hurry study!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

Department of Education

Administration of the Mias district

municipal General Education

Massaya Middle (Full) Secondary School No. 9

Mias district of the Chelyabinsk region

Research

Winter hid in animals

Work performed Husnutdin Timur,

Student 3-in class

MOU MOU MOLOGY MID

Head of Cork Olga Nikolaevna,

teacher primary classes

MKOU MOISSKA Middle

secondary school № 9

Miass 2011.

Subject research: Winter hid in animals

Purpose of the study- Examine what is a winter hibernation in animals.

Tasks:

Explore such a phenomenon like a winter hibernation in animals;

Why animals fall into hibernation;

Find out what animals fall into winter hibernation.

Subject of study: Animals flowing into the hibernation.

Object of study: phenomenon of hibernation in animals;

Research methods:studying and analysis of scientifically popular literature, visiting the zoo of the city of Chelyabinsk, consulting a veterinary care for pets, flowing into the hibernation.

Plan

What is a hibernation? Types of hibernacles;

What animals fall into hibernation;

The reasons why animals fall into hibernation;

Personal research and observations;

Output.

What is a hibernation?

Winter hid in animals - a period of slowing down the life processes in the animal organism associated with a decrease in the ambient temperature and low-cost food.

It is characterized by a decrease in the body temperature of the animal, breathing slowing and heart rate.

Distinguish summer and winter hibernation. Aestivation It is characteristic of many deserted and semi-desert rodents (Surki, Susliki) and some reptiles (lizards), which, thanks to this, can safely worry the most arid and hungry time. Hibernation It is characteristic of some rodents, insectivores (hedges), as well as for a brown bear, is a biological device for the experience of the unfavorable season of the year (lack of sufficient food, cooling).

According to the degree of discharge, many scientists distinguish three types of winter hibernation:

1) easy, expressed in a light discharge that easily stops (raccoon, badgers, bears, raccoon dogs). For example, in warm winter days or in case of danger, the bear wakes up and even comes out of the burgogs, and then falls asleep again in the same berry or elsewhere;

2) full talkaccompanied by awakening only in warmer winter days (hamsters, chipmunks, long nights - bats);

3) Real Incessant Winter Hib, which is a stable, long-term stupor (gophering, hedgehogs, surks, tushkars, Sony and most types of bats).

Animals flowing into the hibernation

Bear Yozh ordinary

Bat Marmot

Burundus Suslik.

Raccoon Burunduk

Amphibian Badger

The reasons why animals fall into hibernation

A real hibernation is something similar to death and has nothing to do with ordinary sleep. When the animal is in a winter hibernation, all its life activity falls almost to zero. The body temperature of the animal becomes only slightly above the ambient air.

That is why animals spend their food reserves accumulated in the body, very, very slowly. Since they consume less fuel, they need a smaller amount of oxygen, and as a result, their breathing slows down, and the heart barely beats. If the temperature in the berry becomes very low, in the hibernation, the animal wakes up, bursts itself upwards and falls asleep again.

Animals that fall into winter hibernation do not make food reserves for the winter. But they accumulate for warm time the year fat in his body, allowing with a sharp decrease in vital activity to exist safely for a long time No meals. So when they can not find meals for a long time, then deeply crawl into our holes and fall asleep.

The hibernation usually passes in nonorah, logs, deep clefts, where sharp fluctuations in temperature and humidity are less affected and a favorable microclimate is created.

During the winter hibernation, all kinds of mammals lie still in their holes, curled into the ball. Winter apartments of many mammals are natural voids of stems and hollow trees. Animals spend so a whole winter, feeding with stare fat.

In nature, the main stimuli in order to flow into the state of the hibernation is lowering the temperature, a decrease in the duration of the day and the absence of feed.

Output:

Nature came up with a wonderful device to save their children - living organisms from unfavorable conditions.

She arranged that plants and animals simply "turn off" from active livelihoods, when it becomes better to live normally.

Animals can survive cold Winter Due to the fact that they are immersed in hibernation. The duration of the hibernation is the adaptation to survive the winter lack of feed and cold.

Literature

"Ilmensky Reserve" ed. EAT. Nikolaev, Chelyabinsk, 1991;

"Great Atlas of Nature of Russia" ed. I. Kopylova, Moscow, 2003;

"Big children's encyclopedia" ed. M. Morozova, Moscow, 2005;

Wikipedia www .wiki .org.

All animals without exception prefer to actively wakeful peace, night or daytime. Especially they love to fall into or catalepsy. In countries with a climate cold and moderate, the familiar pastime of animals is a semi-annual winter hid.

The hibernation is a hereditary reaction of living organisms on temperature differences that formed millions of years ago.

It was possible to survive these differences, only learning to regulate their own temperature when cold or heat. From the ability to sleep hard time the life of the animal depended.

So nature took care of its creatures - it will be useful to them if the climate on Earth changes again.

The hibernate is characterized by a slowdown and metabolism in animals during periods when food is not available, which means it is impossible to maintain activity and high metabolic rate.

Preparation for hibernation

Preparing for long-term sleep, animals accumulate nutrient reserves, their weight due to fat can increase by 40%, and also spare food. Food in the preparatory period is rich in fatty acids that increase immunity and resistance to long-term discharge.

Rodents are located on the wintering of families or alone. The holes that they break through can reach inside three or more meters. They are arranged grain warehouses, nuts and seeds to maintain vitality.

Shelter (Wood, Cave, Nora) is selected taking into account safety, predator security, and microclimate: asylum temperatures should be slightly higher than zero, even with severe frosts outside.

Animals by method of maintaining body temperature are divided into:

• Endothermsaving to the internal resources heat regulation. These include all warm-blooded organisms: mammals, birds.
• EtothermalTheir temperature depends on the environment. Cold-blooded organisms are related to them (reptiles, amphibians, fish).

Types of hibernation duration:

• Daily (At the bats and hummingbirds).

This kind of deep sleep can occur in any season, both in mammals and birds. Physiological processes are less slow than during seasonal hibernation. The body temperature is usually descended to 18 ° C, in rare cases - below 10 ° C, the metabolism is decreasing by a third.

• Seasonal - Winter (Hibernation) or Summer (Estivation).

Winter (hibernation) hibernation is not a homogeneous state and is interrupted for short periods of "heating" of the body: the body temperature is briefly rising and energy exchange is enhanced. The temperature of the body is usually reduced to 10 ° C and below. Long-tailed Suslikov, it drops to 3 ° C. The metabolism is 5%, and sometimes slow down to 1% of the normal state.

• Irregular, protein and raccovine dogs, with the occurrence of unfavorable conditions, suddenly.

By the way, a person can also suddenly fall into a stupor, but at the same time retains consciousness. So the heavy mental disorder is manifested.
Why animals fall

Hibernation

Winter - for many animals a difficult test. Migratory birds to get into warm edges overcome huge distances. Beasts who cannot leave the cold climate, adapt to the change of the year in their own way: they are immersed in a sinking condition.

With a decrease in the ambient temperature to five degrees of heat Celsius, beetles and butterflies, toads and frogs, lizards and snakes, bears and hedgehogs are stacked sleep. Infusoria, amcribes and algae, gathering in a big ball, wrapped in a safety shell.

Easy to karasi and carps. Bats are dormant in the caves for six months, hanging down his head.

Aestivation

Summer hibernation or range (temporary development of the development, state of physiological rest) provides survival with organisms in the dry periods of the year. Pisces sleep, loyering in il at the bottom of the dried reservoirs. Turtles and rodents, devoid of feed, fall asleep to winter, when the swamps and plants dry from heat.

Some inhabitants of the tropics are also typical of a long period: african hedgehogs They sleep for about three months, and insectoral Madagascar - about four.

The rodent hibernation is broken. Nine months in a row sleeps Suslik-sandstone. Putting at the end of July in a summer hibernation, the animal goes into winter, without waking up.

Periodic awakening.

Some animals come from time to time. Scientists definitely do not know the purpose and cause of such behavior. Awakening can last from a few minutes in small organisms up to several hours at large.

In the hibernation there are such many living organisms that list everyone is very difficult. Soviet zoologist N.I. Kalabukhov argued that animals in winter in a state of stitching is much more than awake.

Physiology Sleeping

Body temperature. Sleeping animals warmer ambient air only on the shares of degrees. The body temperature of the sony-shelter drops from 38 degrees to 3.7 (ten times!). Some species can drop to zero and even up to minus five degrees Celsius.

Fish Dalia, rare warm-blooded among fish, falls asleep when the ponds of Chukotka are frozen. If Dellya is frozen in a piece of ice, put in warm water, then as the ice melts, the fish will ventilate. Due to the unique glycerin-like impregnation, the crystalline ice can be formed in the tissues of Dalia, which can break the cell membranes.

The hypothermic state has all the other managed. Brain regulators led by a tireless hypothalamus (a brain department responsible for the constancy of the inner environment of the body) on time include fat heating so that the body temperature does not fall below the critical level.

Metabolism During hibernation decreases in animals up to 10-15% of the norm.

Breath Sleeping mammals decreases 40 times. In many species it alternates: the stripped surface is replaced by apnea (absence of breathing), which is more than an hour, which causes oxygen starvation.

Gas exchange - decreases 10 times. Hedgehog, curling into the ball, makes barely inhale breathing only once per minute.

Brain activity It is stored only in the hippocampus, the neighboring department with the hypothalamus.

A heart Slows out the frequency of abbreviations per minute to 5-10 strokes, hedgehog it beats even at zero body temperature. It is surprising, because animals that do not fall into the hibernation, the heart stops at a 15-degree body temperature.

Blood pressureit decreases slightly, from 20% to 40, since blood viscosity due to a decrease in temperature increases. Due to the increased blood viscosity, the heart is better supplied with "brown fat", source of energy.

Hormonal system Rebuilding before hibernation to a new rhythm: the animal accumulates fat, enzymes, vitamins, especially vitamin E, the inhibitory metabolism. In the summer, animals are fat, increasing weight by fall three times, and in the spring wrestling and weakened.

Interesting fact:

winter hook of a brown bear, squirrels and meadow dogs are not real - they fall into the state of the surface stupor. They have a little slow metabolism, body temperature, pulse and breathing correspond to the level typical of normal sleep.

Most of them are hiding in their shelters and maintain existence through stocks and fat stocks collected by them in this case.

Consciousness at the bear during hibernation is not turned off, it is easy to wake.

Pros and Cons His

The unconditional advantages include a decrease in the animal energy consumption: it consumes only 15% of the energy that would need it to maintain the normal temperature of the body in winter during wakefulness.

Within 4-7 months, they may exist due to accumulated oil reserves and other nutrient elements.

Disadvantages: the ability to die from the drain or exhaustion, the development of atrophy of the skeletal musculature, the decrease in immunity, with extremely low temperatures, freezing, defenselessness before predators, is not excluded.

Studies scientists high mechanisms have a practical purpose: the formula of chemicals immersing animals into a long AnabiOP will allow surgical operations, cooling the human body to the required temperature.

Sources: A. Mystery of Sleep, "Three thirds of life" A.M. Wain, ru.wikipedia.org, the encyclopedia of the Color (Open Society. 2000).

The next beautiful video about birds that do not fall in winter in Anabiosis, and overcome thousands of kilometers to get into warm countries:

Elena Valva for the project Sleepy Cantata