Abbreviated words in English. Using for example, for instance and abbreviations in English: E.G., I.E

Striking that cuts in english language Used very often. This phenomenon is more typical of writing speech, but also with oral communication, the speakers of the English language do not have a different kind of abbreviation. On abbreviations that can not only write, but also pronounce, in this article will be addressed special attention.

English cuts in correspondence: just never otherwise

Availability large number Abbreviations are typical for business letters. Some of them are mandatory - it would be wrong to write a complete word form, you should use only abbreviated.

Several examples of such abbreviations:

MR., MRS., MSS., MS.	Mister, Missis, Miss, MS.	The appeals from which many letters begin: dear mr. Brown, Dear MSS. Smith, etc. Writing Dear Mister Brown would be wrong. These reductions can be written with a point, and you can - without a point. The last appeal in this series (MS.) is pronounced and is the safest appeal to a woman because Ignore her marital status
	Doctor, Professor	Appeal to a person who has a doctor of science or the position of professor
	ANTE MERIDIEM, POST MERIDIEM (LAT)	Noon, afternoon. Writing with or without dots. They are consumed in oral speech
	AS SOON AS POSSIBLE	As soon as possible. Used in oral speech
	Respondez S'il Vous Plait (Fr.)!	Please reply! Reducing the French phrase. Often is a request to answer the invitation. Sometimes used in oral speech
	REFERENCE, REFERRING TO
	POST Scriptum, Post Post Scriptum	Postscript, postscript posts. You can write both with dots, and without them
	Before Christ, Anno Domini (Lat.)	BC, our era. Letters: "To Christ" and "From the year of the Lord"
		Account number
	Nota Bene (Lat.)	I should remember, pay special attention
		To the attention of someone. For example, ATTN. Joanna Smith means that this information must be taken into account Joan Smith
		For someone. For example, the inscription on the envelope C / O Joanna Smith means that this letter is intended for Joanna Smith
	Please Turn Over	Please turn the page. Inscription at the bottom of a piece of leaf, in which something is written from the back side
	exampli Gratia (Lat.)	For example. English equivalent of the Latin expression. In full form not written and not pronounced
	et Cetera (Lat.)
	iD EST (LAT)

Phonetic abbreviations in English: short and funny

SMS messages (SMS - Short Message Service) and Internet chats are also often resorted to words contractions. The reason for this is quite understandable: the abbreviations help to save space and reduce the time set time. The most interesting way to reduce is the creation of phonetic abbreviations. For example, U R 2 B Punished sounds just like You Are To Be Punished, however, the first version of the expression of this thought is noticeably shorter than the second.

Here are some examples of such cuts:

		Before, before
		See you!
		Easy, easy
		Forever and ever
		You, for you
		Late later
		Create
		Deviate
		Hate
		Friend
		What anything, any
		Queue (Brit.)
		Quickly fast
		Unsuccessful
		Exciting
		How are you?
		Enough
		Wonderful!

English abbreviations in SMS and social networks

The most popular abbreviation in English is the creation of an abbreviation from the initial letters of the words that are part of the phrase.

Check yourself - Do you know your true meaning?

	Loud laugh	Laughing Out Loud.
	In my humble opinion	In Mu Humble Opinion
	April Fool's joke	APRIL FOOL'S JOKE
	Guy girl	Boyfriend / Girlfriend.
	Beware (something)	BE AWARE OF (SMTH.)
	While today
	burn in hell
	Want to believe, you want no	Believe it or not
	(This is between us	Between Me and You
	Bad news
	Be right back
	Bring with you what you will drink (when inviting to a party)	Bring Your Own Bottle (Beer)
	Consider what it is already done	Consider It Done
	Crying like a child	Crying Like A Baby
	call me back
	Can not talk
	Conducting ordinary deeds	Doing Business AS Usual
	Do I know you?
	Make (including gather)
	Do correct	Do The Right Thing
	End of the message
	Frequently asked Questions	Frequently Asked Questions
	I'm suitable, I'm not against	FINE By Me, Fine WITH ME
	Hold your fingers crossed
	Fill the gaps)	Fill in the Blank (s)
	Do not show anyone	For Your Eyes Only
	So that you knew	For Your Information
	Hi Hi!	Greetings and Salutations!
	Goodbye!
	Have to go
	Good night (All)!	Good Night, Good Night All!
	Hug, kiss	Hug (S) and Kiss (ES)
	Have a nice day!	Have a Nice Day!
	Happy Birthday!
	I hope this will help
	Homework
	Anyway	In Any Case, In Any Event
	I returned
	Totally agree with you	I CouldN't Agree More
	It could be worse	IT COULD BE WORSE
	I do not care
	I have no idea
	I love you
	Sorry)
	In other words
	If you understand what I mean	If You Know What I Mean
	Just do it
	Just in case
	Just interesting to know
	Do not complicate	KEEP IT SIMPLE, STUPID
	Stay Connected	Keep In Touch, Stay in Touch
	Touch wood
	Let's meet in real life	Let's Meet In Real Life
	Long time no see	LONG TIME NO SEE
	Love you very much	LOVE YOU SO MUCH
	Do not climb not in your business	Mind Your Own Business
	No matter (not difficult)
	It does not matter (do not mind)
	No problem
	No exit
	(Only over my dead body	Over My Dead Body
	Oh my God!
	The first thing came to mind	OFF THE TOP OF MY HEAD
	Please call me
	Please inform me	Please Let Me Know
	People like us
	Private message
	Quote of the Day	QUOTE OF THE DAY
	rest in peace
	I have the same
	Sooner or later
	Search (information) on the Internet
	To be continued
	Honestly
	The sooner, the better	The Sooner The Better
	Do not rush
	You must be joking	You've Got to Be Kidding
	Very important person	Very Important Person
	What do you think about it)?	What do you think?
	What the heck!
	What would Jesus come? (With a complex moral choice)	What Would Jesus Do?
	It is a pity that you are not here	Wish You WERE HERE
	You will regret	You'll be sorry

Without knowledge of abbreviations in English, it is difficult to communicate in messengers and on social platforms. It is curious that abbreviated words and phrases penetrated into all languages, in any case - in the network slang. The articles are not enough to tell even the most popular - for this there are courses of language schools of the YES Center. This is where the listeners really recognize a lot of interesting things!

Afanascina Ekaterina Vladimirovna - an expert of the educational and methodical department
Center for Foreign Languages \u200b\u200b"Yes".

Remember, we wrote at school in the diary rus Lit, english, pE? Then were more see km, l, kg... And if you sit down for old university abstracts, there can be detected at all a special language, for example:

Starting with the 2nd floor of the twentieth century in Lit-Ra Research as 1 from the CP-to Commune

Abbreviation, or abbreviation -

this is the designation of words by primary letters ( USA, RF), shortening long words ( social, tel) either a kind of truth or phrases ( sv-in, person). Our ancestors at one time have achieved significant success in the use of abbreviation - what is the most Dazdraperm (Translate for young generation: Long live my first!) Or recently met Pearl Kukzaczapol - but? How do you?! That's great - Corn - queen fields!!!

But back in our time. Abbreviations can be both generally accepted, for example, weights, lengths and other physical quantities, and their own, understandable one or more people - here an example of any student will serve here (it is better to go to the lecture than to rewrite from a friend).

Reducing in English Yaz

Very often, students starting learning tongue face abbreviations in textbooks and dictionaries. Below we give a few most common cuts. First, dictionaries necessarily indicate which part of the speech is the word:

n - Noun - noun
v - Verb - verb
adj - adjective - adjective
aDV - Adverb - Nare
pRON - PRONOUN - pronoun
prep - Preposition - Preposition
num - Numeral - Numeral
cONJ - Conjunction - Union

The following notation can also meet:

Br E - British English - Used in the British version of English
Am E - American English - Used in the US
oBJ - Object - Supplement
C / U - Countable / uncountable - calculated / incurred (usually we are talking about nouns)
pL - plural - multiple number
s / Sing - Singular - Single number
pOSS - POSSESSIVE - Press
pP - PAST PARTICIPLE - Past time
sYN - Synonym - Synonym
cOLLOQ - COLLOQUIAL - conversational (word is usually used in conversational speech)
abbr - abbreviated - abbreviated (actually what we are talking about here)
nO - Number - Number
doc - Document - Document
p - Page
ex - Exercise - Exercise

Now a few Latin cuts:

a.M. / p.m. ANTE MERIDIEM / POST MERIDIEM) - until noon / afternoon (here it is worth noting that the Europeans and Americans are hard to perceive our 24-hour system, so instead of 18:00 it is better to use 6 PM. Also be careful with time zones - if you, for example, take LESSONS OF ENGLISH SKYP, always specify the difference in time with the teacher.)
e.G. (Exampli Gratia) - for example. In colloquial speech it is better to say for example.
eTC. (Et Cetera) -And so on. Again, in speech, it will more naturally sound and SO ON.
i.E. (ID EST) - that is. Speak that is, ...
NB (Nota Bene) - Attention!
AD (Anno Domini) - our era. As a rule, the letters of abbreviation pronounce ( hey di)
BC - BC. A little bit of place, since the phrase is English - Before Christ.. I also pronounce the letters as in the alphabet.
CV - Curriculum Vitae - resume, however, is characteristic of British English, Americans prefer to talk resume
vS (VERSUS) - against compared to. Pronounce Latin word into English manner - ["Vɜ: Səs]

And several more generally accepted abbreviations for English:

MR - Mister - Mr.
MRS - Mistress - Mrs.
MS - Miss - also Madam, we use as an appeal and married and unmarried woman, pronounce Unlike Miss - appeal to the girl.
ST - Street or Saint - the same abbreviation and for the street and for the saint.
B & B - Bed and Breakfast - Hotel (respectively, "bed and breakfast")
DIY - DO IT Yourself - Make yourself (toys for adult uncle)
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Frequently asked questions (found so often that without deciphering it is clear what it is about)
OAP - OLD-AGE PENSIONER - Pensioner
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time - Greenwich Time
AC / DC - ALTERNATING CURRENT / DIRECT CURRENT- Variable / constant current (there is in each instruction for electrical appliances)

I hope these cuts will help you in learning English, because you will meet them. Yeah, the abbreviations are not going anywhere, they are in any language ... wrote about any language, and thought - but what is interesting, the Chinese, the Japanese, Koreans with their hieroglyphs? Do anything reduce anything? I know for sure that they are more and more use Latin, especially in chat rooms, in SMS, in Skype. But about abbreviations in online communication It will be in the next article.

Reducing in English is something, without which it is quite difficult to submit a modern foreign language. Often abbreviations are used on the Internet in order to transfer their own thoughts as soon as possible. And indeed, it is not necessary to write "AS SOON AS POSSIBLE"if you can write "Asap".

Abbreviations in English in correspondence

Abbreviations in English in the correspondence is a whole world, who is displaced by foreign language It becomes easier. Instead "Thank you" We often write "THX"and in English you can write "THX". If very funny - LOL (LAUGH OUT LOUD), surprised - OMG (Oh My God), leave - Cu (See You). We note that there are cuts that are written in the same way as they sound:

• u - You.
• y - Why.
• uR - Your.
• k - OKEY
• r -ARE
• b - BE
• pls - Please.

There are reductions in which letters and numbers are used. Such "mixture" Helps replace some SMS reductions in English, for example:

In English there are 4 types of abbreviations: graphic, lexical, merging and digital language. Graphic cuts are found in letters, books and dictionaries, as well as ads. Note that everyone known AD / B.C. (Anno Domini / Before Christ - our era, BC) have been preserved since Latin. The letter often applies truncated options, for example, sis (Sister - Sister), dOC (Doctor - Doctor), Flu (Influenza - flu), comfy (Comfortable is convenient).

Popular in modern English and words formed from two truncated:

Docudrama. (Documentary Drama) - Documentary Drama

Workchaolic. - hard worker

Frenemy. (Friend + Enemy) - a friend who can beta at any moment

Earwitness (Ear + Witness) - the one who heard

There are also such cuts that are firmly entered into English and occupied their positions:

• gF - Girlfriend.
• bF - Boyfriend.
• bB - BYE BYE
• bRB - BE RIGHT Back
• tC - Take Care
• hru - How Are You You
• bTW - by The Way
• bBL - BE Back Later
• P.S. - POST Scriptum
• a.M. - Ante Meridiem.
• p.M. - POST MERIDIEM.
• e.G. - Exempli Gratia, for example
• BD - Birthday
• IMHO - IN MY HONEST OPINION
• XOXO - Hugs and Kisses

Popular English Word Reductions

Mr. Mrs. Reduction in English

This kind of reduction is used when writing official letters, so it is important to know that

Mr. (Mister) - Mr.

MRS. (Mistress) - Mrs.

MS. (The alternative between MRS or Miss is placed in front of the name of the woman, regardless of its marital status)

Reducing countries in English

With the development of Internet technologies and the appearance of almost every third resident of the Earth's land in Instagram, reducing countries in English has become particularly popular. Want to write in the profile, what are studying English, German and Italian? Then GB, DE, IT To help you. And if there are serious about countries, then in accordance with the international names of countries according to ISO-3166, double-digit reductions are used:

Australia - AU.

Austria - AT.

Azerbaijan - AZ.

Albania - Al.

Angola - AO.

Andorra - AD.

Argentina - Ar.

Belarus - By.

Belgium - Be.

Bulgaria - BG.

Brazil - Br.

United Kingdom - GB.

Vietnam - VN.

Germany - De.

Greece - GR.

Egypt - Eg.

Israel - IL.

Italy - IT.

Canada - CA.

Malta - Mt.

Mexico - MX.

Poland - PL

Russia - Ru

Serbia - RS.

Slovenia - SI

Thailand - TH.

Turkey - TR.

France - Fr.

Montenegro - Me.

Reducing the days of the week in English

In English, you can meet both double-digit and three-digit cuts of the days of the week:

More about abbreviations

Below we give several examples of abbreviations in the texts:

A: What do idk, Ly & Ttyl Mean?
B: I DON'T KNOW, LOVE YOU, TALK LATER.
A: OK, I WILL ASK YOUR SISTER.

Or try to decrypt this dialogue:
A: G2G TO THE STORE TTYL
Q: OK CYA BOBBY
Happened? If not

A: Got to Go to the Store, Talk to You Later
B: OK, See You Bobby

By the way, you can meet this:

Reducing in English, as in Russian, help spend less time on correspondence, so if you want to express on the letter much faster, you need to remember the most common reductions. But it is possible to find the most relevant information on. Here are tests, grammar, and current articles on the topic of learning a language, and a lot of things interesting for those who want to master English.

Youth slang is a subject of discussion in any country, it is often criticized, otherwise they will simply scold. But let's take a look at him under a different angle and try to understand that the language begins with communication, and if Slang helps someone to communicate, it means that it is worth paying attention to it.

Have you ever been able to be in English chat or read SMS-ki let young carriers? He who first encountered this phenomenon can get light shock. Even if you still believed that you know English well, you can be in a very unpleasant position. Is it anyone to be surprised if even English-speaking parents do not always understand what they write (and sometimes they say) their Chad. Reducing and slangions in English are radically different from their Russian fellow. If in Russian correspondence you can more often meet the shortened versions of writing the usual words (type bush - you will be; Vyhi - weekend; Dviglo - Engine), then in English you can select several peculiar types of abbreviations:

1. Ordinary abbreviations They are abbreviations, such as IDK - I DON "T KNOW. There are a lot of such cuts, to remember everything is quite difficult - thousands of them. Often, the native speakers themselves guess the meaning of one or another reduction in the meaning of correspondence in the chat or forum.

2. Words and phrases using numbers. People who have just begun to learn the language of the British is difficult to take away and understand such phrases in online communication: c U L8R (See You Later). On the initial stage Do not dwell on these numbers and letters, just perceive the sounds - and you will hear already familiar words and phrases. 2day - - Today (today); M8 - [M] - Mate (buddy, partner, partner).

3. Another type of letter of lazy inhabitants of the English-language part of the Internet is shortening in the process of spoken speech words: Kinda (Kind of), Wanna (Want To), Lemme (Let Me). The specificity and importance of these abbreviations are that we constantly hear them in the oral speech of Americans and the British, so they should pay special attention to them.

By the way, the American slang is significantly different from British, and there is also Canadian and Australian. And how many local words and expressions? Probably no one knows. We made a miserable attempt to collect small, but, perhaps, the most popular part of slang cuts in the table for dating and, possibly, even for memorization.

The table can be sorted in English and Russian alphabet in both directions.

Abbreviation	Decoding	Transfer
@	aT.	in / calling your email, the British say at, not at all dog.
? 4U.	(I Have a) Question for You.	i want to ask you a question
^^	Read Line Above.	read the string above
1T.	want.	want
121	one-to-one	tET-A-TET, one on one, with an eye
<3	lOVE (Heart ♡ Turned on Bock)	love
2	tO / TOO.	to / too, also
2MRW.	tomorrow.	tomorrow
2day	today.	today
4	for	for
AFK.	away From Keyboard.	departed from the keyboard
Aka.	also Known As.	also known as
Asap	aS SOON AS POSSIBLE	as fast as possible
A / S / L	aGE / SEX / Location	age / floor / location
Ayt.	Are you there?	are you here?
B2B.	business to Business	corporate business segment (this is a generally accepted reduction)
B2W	back to Work.	returned to work
B4.	before.	before
BC.	because.	because
BBL.	Be Back Later.	will be back later
BBS.	Be Back Soon.	i'll be back soon
BF.	boyfriend.	guy
BFF.	bEST FRIEND (S) Forever	best friends forever
BRB.	Be Right Back	be right back
Btw.	by The Way.	by the way
Cmb.	Call Me Back	call me back
CMIIW.	Correct Me IF i "M Wrong	corre me if I'm wrong
Cu.	See you.	see you (see you)
Cu L8R	See You Later.	see you later
CUZ / COS.	because.	because
CWYL.	Chat with You Later	let's chat later
DC	disconnected	connection is interrupted
DIY.	Do it Yourself.	do it yourself
DM.	Direct Message.	private message
dunno / DNO.	dON "T KNOW	i do not know
EZ.	easy.	simply
F2F.	face-to-Face	face to face
FAQ.	frequently Asked Questions	frequently asked Questions
FB.	Facebook.	Facebook
FYI.	for Your Information	for your information
Fyeo.	for Your Eyes Only	only for you
Gag.	joke / Funny Stuff	fun, funny content, gee. Although initially this word meant, a gag, a plug.
GB.	goodbye.	until
GF.	girlfriend.	beloved, Görlfrend; If it's just a girlfriend, then written in two words: girl Friend.
GG.	Gotta Go.	have to go
Gimme.	give Me.	give me
GL	good Luck	good luck
Gonna.	going To.	going to
Gotta.	I "VE Got To	i should
GR8.	great!	great
HBD.	Happy BirtDay.	happy Birthday
hhhhhh.	very Funny.	very funny
How R U.	How Are you you?	how are you?
IC.	I See	i see
IDK.	I DON "T KNOW	i do not know
IMHO	in My Humble Opinion	in my humble opinion
IK	I Know	i know
IM.	Instant Message.	instant message
IOW.	in Other Words.	in other words
IRL	in Real Life.	in real life (that is, not in the online chat or in messenger)
J / K.	just Kidding.	joke
K.	OK, OKEY	oK OK
kinda.	kind Of.	something like
Kwim.	You) Know What I Mean?	Do you understand what I mean?
lemme	let Me.	let me
L8R	later (Goodbye)	we'll get in touch later
LOL.	laugh Out Loud.	loud laugh
Lmao.	lAUGHING MAY AS OFF	i stand from laughter; Ruju to Uriachka
lUV U.	love You.	love you
M8.	mate.	friend
M / F.	male or Female?	guy go girls?
mins.	minutes.	minutes
MSG.	message	message
No1	no One.	no one
NV	never Mind.	do not worry
OIC	Oh, I See	oh, I see
Omg.	oh my god.	oh my goodness
OTW.	oN THE WAY.	on my way
outta.	out of.	from / outside / for
P2P.	person-To-Person	one on one
Plz.	please.	you are welcome
PM.	Private Message.	private message
R.	are	slug to BE
Rofl	ROLLING ON THE FLOOR LAUGHING.	very funny, ride on the floor from laughter
Roflol	Rolling On The Floor Laughing Out Loud.	the same as the previous one, just more funnier
Ruok.	Are you Okay?	Are you okay?
Sup or zup.	What "s Up?	How are you?
Syl.	See You Later.	see you later
tBH	to be honest	honestly; to be honest
TGIF.	Thank goodness it "s Friday.	Thank God Friday (coming).
THX OR THNX OR THANX	thanks.	thank you
TTFN.	TA TA FOR NOW.	Enough for today
Ttyl.	Talk to You Later.	Let's talk later.
TYT.	Take Your Time.	Do not rush.
u.	you.	you
U2.	you Too.	you too
ur.	you / You "Re	your / you
W8.	wait.	wait
wANNA / WANT2.	want To.	want
w /	with.	with (someone, something)
w / O.	without.	without
WTF.	What ("s) The Fuck?	What the hell? (and it is still gently said!)
WTF 1.	WOW, THAT "S FUN!	Wow, it's great! (It's rather comic option)
WTH	What ("s) The Heck?	What the heck? What the heck?
WRU?	Where Are you?	Where are you?
Wuwt.	What "S Up with That?	What happened here? What's wrong here?
Xlnt.	excellent	excellent
Xo.	hugs and Kisses / Love	hugs and kisses / shorter, love
Y?	why?	why?
ZZZ.	tired, Bored.	tired, boring

I got a student who is engaged in science. And in science without abbreviations nowhere. Yes, and in the usual written speech, including fiction, not to mention specialized, contractions of type E.g., I.E. or all familiar etc. Darkness. Some of them came from Latin, but most are just abbreviations in English words. I offer you a list of the most frequently used abbreviations (places with examples and notes):

A.d. (Anno Domini) - year of our era
B.C. (Before Christ) - year BC
Please note that AD is placed in front of the date (AD64), BC after (300bc); When specifying the century and the other comes after Numenual (Second Century AD, Fourth Century BC)

approx. (Approximately / Approximate) - approximately approximately approximate

aVG. (Average) - medium, on average

cA. (Circa - /? s3? k? /) - approximately approximately: e.G. "People First Came to the Area CA 1700."

cENT. (Century, Centuries) - Century, century

cF. (Confer, Compare) - see also, Wed, link, often found in books

cO. (column) - column

cONT (D). (Continued) - continued. This reduction can have a different value depending on the context, for example, Contained, Contents, Contraction, Continent etc.

cTR. (center) - center, central d. (DIED, DIED IN) - Died: e.G. "The Dean Of The University At That Time Was Sir James Stone (D. 1965)."

eD. (edited, Edition) - ed., Edition, published

e.G. (Exempli Gratia - for example) - for example. Please note that this cut is read exactly as "for example"! No unauthorized "and ji": e.G. "You can Use Different Adjectives to Describe It, E.G. Wonderful, Beautiful, Amazing or Splendid."

eSP. (Especially) - especially: e.G. "I Like Ice-Cream, ESP. Pistachio-Flavoured Ice-Cream."

eST (D). (Established / estimate) - based; Calculated, Evaluation: e.G. "He worked in td McGuire Est. 1987"; "HE Received Est. $ 10mln."

et al. (et alii) - and others (in the bibliography "with co-authors")

incl. (including) - including: E.G. "They Put Everything in One Box, Incl. Books on Chaucer."

hr. (Hours) - hour, hours: E.G. "This car canravert 230 km / hr."

max., min. (Maximum, Minimum) - maximum minimum

misc. (Miscellaneous) - Other: e.G. "The Shelf Was Full of Misc. Objects."

n.A.: 1) Not Applicable - not applicable to this case, does not apply: e.G. "This Formula Shows The General Law (N.A. in Acid Environment)";
2) not available, non-available - not available, no data

NB. (Nota Bene - Note Particularly) - note Ben, mark "Note Good, take note"

No. (Number) - number: E.G. "I GAVE HIM A MUG WITH THE TEXT" I Am Dad No.1 "."

pREV. (Previous) - Previous: e.G. "See prev. Page for more information."

pt. (Part) - Part: e.G. "You can Look it up in Quantum Physics Pt. II."

qt. (Quantity / Quart) - quantity; quart

rESP. (Respectively) - respectively: E.G. "Basic Earnings Increased 40% and 39% to $ 0.55 and $ 0.54 Resp."

sTD. (Standard) - Standard, Standard

vs. (Versus) - against: e.G. "We Went To See Alien vs. Predator"

w / (WITH) - C: e.G. "Add Sugar W / Cinnamon to The Batter."

w / O. (WITHOUT) - without: e.G. "There You Can Order Sandwiches W / O Mayo."