Animals of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Animal World of Transbaikalia 39 Vegetable and Animal World of Transbaikal Territory

Interesting facts about Manul Malul - wild catbelonging to the oldest creatures on Earth. The age of its existence, scientists are estimated at 12 million years, and thanks to a secluded lifestyle, this species has not changed. Officially, the world was represented in the XVII century. It happened on the banks of the Caspian Sea in 1782, where Peter Petlas saw, German researcher-naturalist. And subsequently Manuul and magicia "Pallasi Cat". And the Latin name is -otocolobus. It consists of two words: "Ear" and "ugly." The ears of Manula really are not really like home cats, but not ugly, but very nice - rounded, with bunches of hair and widely placed. Manul Cat called Mongols. Malus a very unusual cat. This cat dwells in the most severe climatic conditions With low snow cover. Natural habitat Manula - Central Asia. It can be found in Mongolia, China, on Tibet, in Transbaikalia, Kashmir, Uzbekistan and the Caspian lowland. Manuly may occur in the mountains at an altitude of 3,000 to 4800 m above sea level. Manya will be searched in the crevices of rocks or nonorah other animals. The fur manul is the most fluffy and thick among all cats. Manules can carry cold to -50 ° C. Wool density manul 9000 hairs per cm². The weight of Manula is the same as the home cat - from 2 to 6 kg, it seems like his thick fur. Pupils manul never acquire a slick-shaped form, but always remain round and rather like human than cat. The wool color manul allows him to be masked so that even at a distance of two or three steps it is difficult to notice. Thick coat and short legs limit the mobility of manul, so it runs in very rare cases. In the event of danger, the mantel tries to shut in the hope that it would not be seen, but if he was revealed, he would certainly give the overtakers. The main production of Manuul is mice and food, but he will not refuse and from the partridge, the lark, insects and straight, gopher or Surchonka. Sometimes the cat can catch a hare. Half himself hunts at night, at dawn or twilight. Its Logova arranges in secluded crevices of stones, but if necessary, it is perfectly coping with the ruin of the hole with its own legs. He was manul in the nature of the degree and leisurely, so he sends his prey and attacks unexpectedly, from the ambush. Manuly are not prone to migration, they prefer a settling lifestyle. Every animal lives on his certain territory Square up to 10 km². The average life expectancy of Manulov is 10-13 years old. Wild manules multiply only once a year, the pregnancy of female lasts about three months, and as a result, the lights appear from two to six kittens. During the first three or four months of life, Mom feeds them with milk. Then the young manula begins to learn from Mom's hunting, and already at the age of six months he can get meals on their own. Manulov has a special device of the immune system, due to their isolated lifestyle from other cats. They do not tolerate many infections and viruses with whom pet cats can live all their lives. Especially terrible for them toxoplasmosis. Many kittens of Manulov die because of this disease. How to overcome this problem, zoologists, alas, do not yet know. Kittens of wild manulov are the same small and defenseless, like kittens of domestic cats. For this reason in wildlife They often become victims of predatory birds and predatory animals. But most of all the harm (no matter how regrettable) is manul manul. Today, young manulaun dies from infectious diseases caused by infection ambient toxic substances. The number of manul is small and continues to shrink throughout the alliance of habitat. He is listed in the Red Book of Russia, the hunt for him is prohibited. But the poachers did not stop the barbaric hunting on the wild cat, and before the introduction of the ban they were massively destroyed. Man and dogs are the main enemies of the wild cat. Often, manulas are dying due to fires that arise as a result of unauthorized seasonal burning grass. Most more that people can make, leave this beautiful animal alone.

Transbaikalia richly fishing fur animals there are about 25 species. The most tiny fur animal on the ground - the predatory caress, is subject to absolute guard, the number has not yet been established. In the most deaf places, Taiga lives Wolverine. Other furny animals are common: red and black and brown fox, korsak, badger, ondatra, tarbagan, local and acclimatized types of hare. Among the hoofs, the first place in the number is occupied by roe, then kabani, moose and spruce are coming. Kabarga - Miniature Trans-Baikal Deer is the subject of huge demand in medicine on the Muskic Glaz of the male, the so-called jet. In the Red Book of Russia, dazenen and the snow ram are listed, as well as the representative of the North Taiga Wild deer - Sogge. In all areas of the region there is a wolf. Brury bears numbered up to 4 thousand individuals. In the "Red Book of Russia", a rare steppe cat, leading a secretive lifestyle, was listed. The fading species is considered a black-wax grounding, strongly pursued by a person because of beautiful fur. A tiger is brought to the International Red Book - the pride of the Russian Nature. The world of feathered is rich and diverse - more than 350 species of birds. In the forests are laid by Tetherov, Glukhari and Ryakchiki. On the lakes - Mallard, Dwark, Crochali, Geese, Gray Swans. Transbaikal reservoirs inhabit more than 60 species of fish. In the northern lakes, the spells dwells a delicate Sig, as well as Davatchan. Davatean is listed in the Red Book of Russia in. Rich in fish Ivano-Arachleh Lakes. In the upper course of ingoda, chill, onon and arguini inhabit the royal types of Tamery, Lenka, Harius.

Transbaikal region. Fauna Baikal natural territory Transbaikal Territory is represented by the species of the Dauro Mongolian Zogeographic province: Light Chore, Dauro food, Durb Mongolian; Taiga and mountain and taiga species: Sable, speakers, brown bear, lynx, squirrel, chipmunk; Summerpes: badger, mouse-baby and many other species of vertebrates and invertebrates. Pool r. Hilok is a huge migration corridor providing the movement of representatives of Ornithofauna. In general, the composition of the bird's population is typical taiga.

Arachlesky reserve is located 70 km from Chita. The creation of the reserve was associated with the need to preserve natural ecosystems in the largest recreation area on the territory of the Chita region. For the year, more than 150 thousand people visiting the reserve are visited by the reserve on numerous recreation bases or in the "wilderness" method. The reserve seeks to regulate the use of land and water resources, prevents the uncontrolled development and pollution of the shores of lakes.
From the cheats to the reserve leads a good asphalt road, crossing the applene ridge.
Ivano-Arachlesky Reserve in facts and figures:
Educated in 1993.
Overall area - 210 thousand hectares
Located in the territory of the Chita district.
Maintenance natural objects: 6 large lakes, several dozen small, larch taiga, birchings and Osinniki.
State biosphere reserve In the "Daurussian" is located in the south of the Chita region. The territory of the reserve is presented mainly by steppe landscapes with characteristic types of plants and animals, including such rare as an antilope dzery, Daurgy Yozh, wild cat Manul and Mongolian Summer (Tarbagan). Open spaces of steppes attract rare birds: Steppe Eagle, Berkut, Falola Baloban.
The most important attractions of the reserve are Torean lakes (Barun Tey and Zun-Tey) - the largest lakes Transbaikalia. A feature of the lakes is their periodic filling and drying, which happens on average once every 30 years. So, in the XX century, the lakes sworn four times. Torean lakes form a small pool, taking water from small steppe river. For this reason, lake water contain a large amount of dissolved salts.
Torean lakes attract many species of birds, nesting along their shores. In addition, through the lakes pass the paths of many species of birds that arrange nests in more northern regions. For this reason, the fauna birds of the reserve is extremely rich (150 nesting, 120 spans).
A special place is taken by one of the largest and most beautiful birds of our fauna - the cranes. There are three types of cranes in the reserve on the territory of the reserve - Daurgy, gray and male. Two more types - "White crane (bar) and black crane - nest in the north, but in the reserve are represented by young birds that have not started nesting, as well as on the span. And in 2002, Japanese cranes were encountered in the reserve. Thus, in the reserve, you can meet at once six types of cranes - more than anywhere in the world.

The reserve "Aginskaya Steppe" was formed in 2004 and is located in the interflucery of the River Oneon and Yeah. The purpose of creating the reserve was to preserve and restore the natural steppe and aquatic ecosystems of the Aginska steppe. The main part of the reserve is slightly sophisticated plains engaged in various steppe communities. Most often there are varnoped-novel, divergene-orphanage and nitriisnikovy steppes.

Availability large number Lakes attracts a variety of regional bird birds, especially during the period of autumn-spring migrations. Water vegetation, as well as hazing mosquitoes on lake shallow water, and other water invertebrates on larvae and other water invertebrates. Here, in the steppe lakes, you can meet chirks (horses and trinkets), mallard, gray duck, redhead, swan-clikun and even such rare view Like Gus-Sukhonos. During the periods of migrations on the lakes, gray geese, humans, as well as numerous slices (sandboxes, pleasants, broocryl rzhanks, figi, stuffers) are breeded. Near the lakes are going and cranes - beautiful, dawn, black, gray and even white (sparks). Here every year there are up to 3000 handsome and several dozen black caravals. Many species are found on the territory of the reserve, excellent seats for recreation and feeding during seasonal flights.
The abundance of birds on the lakes of the Aginska steppe is connected with the fact that the territory of the reserve is located on one of the most part - the East Asia-Australian Poland Migration (Goroshko, 2006). In the reserve noted at least 250 species of birds.
From the nesting in the steppes of birds in the reserve most common lariats (Mongolian, horned, field, small, gray), Kamenka (ordinary and dance), Japanese quail, bearded (Dauroskaya) Partridge, crane crane, drof, as well as Ducks - Ogarch and Peganka. The most characteristic predator is a pioneering kurgan, less often meets steppe eagle. About 30 species of birds are noted on the reserve, which are listed international List CITES, taken under protection at the federal or regional levels.
The reserve plays a particularly important role in the preservation of such rare, located on the verge of extinction of the appearance as a drough. It is believed that in the reserve it is annually nest up to 30s "50 DROF, which is about 10% of all birds of this species inhabiting in our region.
In the reserve, rodents are numerous ones - long-tailed susslik, a jumper tushchik, a large and narrow-bar readings, the Trans-Baikal hamster, the Daurgy Cocor. The Mongol Surki (Tarbagans) was widespread in the past, but in recent decades their number is small and this species is taken under protection. The hare-talls and Daurgy food are found from the raise. Among other types of mammals in the Aginska steppe are represented by wolf, fox, korsak, manul, steppe hoard, Solong, Badk, Daurgy Yuzh. In places, especially closer to the Siberian-Narasun pine forest, the Siberian roe is found. In total, about 35 types of mammals are noted in the reserve.
Transbaikal steppes are inhabited by Tolam, which is distinguished as an independent view. Finally, in the Amur region and the Ussuri Territory, a small, similar to rabbit, short-choe and short-legged manchursky hare is common.

List of animals and birds listed in the Red Book of Transbaikal Territory

Dzeren, Amur Tiger, Leopard snow Leopard, Snow Baran, Mountain Baran, Red Wolf, Otter, Manul, Daurgy Hedgehog, Surki (Mongolian-Tarbagan, Blackcading), Drop, Geese (Mountain, Sukhonos, Piskulka, Tundry and Taiga Humenics),
Red Cornkaya Camera, Ducks (Mandarin, Kloktun, Vyro Baer, \u200b\u200bKoshevushka), Schoclumber, Winner, Kronechneps (Big, Far Eastern and Middle), Mountain Dupel, Veretniki (Big, Asian Bekasovidal), Brokery Mattle, Large Cablange, Amur , hollow, swans (Clikun, Small), Straw (Black, Far Eastern), Ordinary Flamingo, Cranes (Sterch, Gray, Daurgy, Black, Shooting), Skop, Sapsan, Balobane, Orlan-Belochpotor, Berkut, Moginal, Steppe Eagle, Crested Powder, Great, Greet, Black Craigne, Steppe Pustoreg, relict Chaika, Chepness, Filin, etc.

1

The resource potential of the Zabaikal Territory hunting economy is characterized by a large variety and wealth of the animal world, which is associated with the peculiarities of nature. The economic development of the territory has a significant impact on commercial resources. The article discusses the main hunting and commercial types of edges and their number. The problem of the need to improve the mechanism of compensatory payments with the economic development of the territory accompanied by significant interference with the animal habitats, compliance with which would guarantee the financing of activities aimed at restoring renewable natural resources, which will significantly increase the effectiveness of investment in environmental protection.

Transbaikal region

hunting-Commercial Resources

damage to the resources of the animal world

1. Gurova O.N., Mikheev I.E. Hunting Economy in the Trans-Baikal Territory // News of the Samara Scientific Center Russian Academy science - Samara, Publishing House of the Samara Scientific Center, RAS, 2010. - № 1 (5). - T. 12. - P. 1283-1286.

2. Ilina L.N. The path to the wealth of Siberia. - M.: Thought, 1987. - 301 p.

3. Red book by Transbaikal Territory. Animals / Ed. College: E.V. Vishnyakov, A.N. Tarabarko, V.E. Kirilyuk et al. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Publishing House LLC, 2012. - 344 p.

4. Mikheev I.E., Faleik L.M. Assessment of predicted damage to hunting and fishing animals as a result of the construction of the railway // Geographical studies as constructive information support of the regional policy: Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference (November 19-21, 2008). - Chita: Publishing house Zabdgpu, 2008. - P. 132-136.

5. On methods for calculating damages and compensatory payments. - URL: http://biodat.ru/vart/doc/gef/gef_a/a22/a2_2_12.html (reference date 07.07.15).

6. Samoilov E.B. Ecology I. economic use debris in the Chita region // Zap. Zab. Department of All-Union Geogr. o -a. - Chita, 1962. - Vol. XVIII. - 32 s.

Purpose of the study - Trace the dynamics of the number of hunting and fishing animals, analyze the main problems of the hunting economy.

Materials and research methods

The work used materials of winter roadworthiness of the state service of the Trans-Baikal Territory in the number of hunting animals in dynamics, analysis of literature and Internet resources on the research topic.

The list of mammals of the Trans-Baikal Territory includes more than 80 species, the fields of the edges include a population of more than 20 species. In hunting blanks there are constantly found: Wolf, Corsac, Fox, Brown Bear, Sable, Wolverine, Ermine, Speakers, Steppe Horing, American Mink, Lynx, Kaban, Kabarga, Iister, Koslya, Elk, Wild Reindeer, Squirrel, Ontatra, Hare -Lesak, hare-rusak. From the hunting and fishing birds, a stone deaf, aunt, a ripple, bearded and white partridges, geese, ducks, hoses live inhabit.

Regional Red Book Included Mammals: Daurgy Hedgehog, Small Blood, Night Low Room, Brown Ush, Eastern Leather, River Ottoman, Manul, Tiger, Snow Leopard, Dseruin, Snow Baran, Mongolian Summer (or Tarbagan), Black and Paper, Amur Lemming, Manchur Codor. The region was acclimatized and recycified ondators, hare-rusak, American mink.

Results of research and discussion

The table presents the main types of field fauna edges and their number.

Elk. The largest of the hunting and fishing animals. His life is closely connected with Taiga, so the main livestock falls on the Northern and Krasnochik district of the region. Steppe areas are not an elk habitat. In general, the territory of the region prevails a density of less than 1 animal per 1000 hectares. In 1998, the number reached 14.0 thousand animals, by 2002 decreased to 12.8 thousand, and in 2004 - 11.0 thousand. The average number of the edge in 2007-2012. Amounted to 12223 individuals, in 2014 the livestock increased to 16.1 thousand.

Approved withdrawal limit for the season of hunting 2012-2013. In the region amounted to 260 individuals, issued 196 permits, 152 individuals were produced. In 2006 in most administrative districts The hunt for elk was banned for a period of 3 years.

Dynamics of the number of main hunting and field animals in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory according to CMU for the period 2010-2014, thousand goals *

Types of animals
Wild northern deer
Wolverine
Hare-white
Ermine		there is no data
Ceremonic stone
Bearded partridge

Note. * - According to the state service of the Trans-Baikal Territory.

Razubr. Raisubs refers to naval deer. Prefers taiga sites, mountain meadows, often occurs on overgrowing gars and cutting, avoiding plain, brazing areas. In the region dwells everywhere, with the exception of Agin and Onon-Borzinsky steppes and the leaning areas adjacent to them.

The number is relatively stable and reached on the edge (2007-2012) of 22199 heads. Approved withdrawal limit for the season of hunting 2012-2013. In the region amounted to 700 individuals, 546 permits were issued, 397 individuals were produced.

Wild reindeer. It dwells in the northern regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory, Vitim, Kalar, Kareng, Olekma, Nügja, Tungir. The populations are in relative depression, which affects poaching and the growth of the wolf. IN last years The appearance of a wild reindeer in the Mogocinsky district was noted. Number in the 1990s. Mounted 9.9 thousand animals, the average number in the territory of the region in recent years is within 3-4 thousand. Limit production for the season of hunting 2012-2013. In the region amounted to 320 individuals, 277 permits were issued, 242 individuals were produced.

Roe. In the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Siberian roe is the most massive view of ungulates, lives in all areas. These animals love mountainous places, swords dense forest, with pure herbaceous worst, cut small hollows, with mountain rivers and streams. The preservation of such landscapes will allow maintaining a stable number of this species. In a number of districts (Krasnokamensky, Kalarsky) due to a decrease in the number of animal in 2002 and 2006. It was forbidden to hunt for a period of 3 years.

The modern number of roofing is still high enough. In the region in recent years, the average number amounted to 81 thousand individuals. Approved withdrawal limit for the season of hunting 2012-2013. In the region amounted to 4410 individuals, 4240 permits were issued, 2819 individuals were produced.

Kabarga. In 1993, there were about 19,000 animals in the region, then due to poaching, the number began to fall, and in 2002 and 2006. Kabarge hunt was banned for 3 years. A decrease in the size of the species led to the strengthening of the Kabargu hunting, which was increased by poaching due to increased demand for the "Cabareva jet" (the secret of the males musk gland), which takes high demand in China. The prohibition of hunting gave positive results. The average number in the region (2007-2012) amounted to 18.9 thousand. The approved limit of seizures for the Hunting season 2012-2013. In the region amounted to 990 individuals, issued 905 permits, 790 individuals were produced.

Boar. The fluctuations in the number of species are associated with epizoota. Mass death due to epizootia was observed in 1990-1991. It is found throughout the territory. In the region, the average number (2007-2012) is quite high - 18435 individuals. Cabanium production limit for the season of hunting 2012-2013. amounted to 4160 individuals, 3835 permits were issued, 1665 individuals were produced.

Brown bear. It is extracted due to bile and skins, the meat is valued, especially fat. Number in the region at 4-5 thousand.

Wolf. In the region meets everywhere - in Taiga, forest-steppe and steppe areas. In 1993, according to incomplete data, the number was 1030 heads, in 1998 increased to 1900. The number is not permanent due to the great mobility of the animal. High level is a danger to wild and pets, damage to agriculture. In recent years, in the region, the average number is high, at the level of 5 thousand in 2011. 3030 cases of a wolf attack on farm animals with damage to 7623923 rubles were recorded., In 2012, the number of cases of the wolf attack on farm animals amounted to 1970 with damage at 8562500 rub.

Fox. It dwells throughout the territory - in the steppes, forest-steppe and taiga, adhering to open places in the valleys of rivers. Avoid deaf taiga. In the region, the average number is at the level of 8 thousand.

Corsac. It dwells in the steppe strip of the southeastern part of the edge. Much caught illegally - from 2000 to 2003, 360 cases were recorded. During the same period, 135 individuals were legally produced. The number is low, medium on the edge (2007-2012) - 524 individuals.

Lynx. The average number around the edge is 2414 individuals. Illegal mining exceeds legal. For 2000-2003 Fixed 250 individuals mined illegally, and legally 89 individuals were mined for the same period. In 2013, 46 individuals were legally mined.

Sable. Interest in the samp was great in all those inhabiting Siberia peoples. High demand for valuable sobular fur with the active development of Siberia in the XVII century. Explains the merciless destroying of this animal. The value of fur depends on color, which depends on the habitat. The farther north and above in the mountains, the sable darker. Skirts of the Barguzinsky Sable are the most dark and expensive.

By 1930, Sobol found himself on the verge of destruction. Only due to the prohibitions of fishing and restoration activities by 1960, the number became stable. In the region in recent years (2007-2012), the number is stable, the average number is at 42339 individuals. In 2013, 8498 individuals were produced in the region, with the approved Limit production of 12,000 individuals.

Columns. The main habitat is the taiga, the tops of the keys and the northern slopes of the mountains with placers and rocks and the narrow valleys of mountain rivers with shrub thickets. In the forest-steppe lives on river valleys, cropped wood and shrub vegetation, and in small leaflets, especially if there are placers inhabited in them. The average number of the edge (2007-2012) - 16235. In 2013, 4,333 individuals were produced in the province of licenses.

Ermine. The main habitat is taiga landscapes with thickets of cedar stabel. Forest rings prefers in the forest-steppe with the presence of mossery, the river valleys with wood and shrub thickets. In summer I. winter It has a different coloring. The average number of the edge (2007-2012) is 10107 individuals.

Wolverine. Animal of the most deaf places of the taiga, quite rare. It dwells on the slopes of the mountains with the presence of wipes and rocks, in the watersheds of the river and keys, comes to the goltsy, descends into the valleys of the rivers. The number is small, the average on the edge (2007-2012) is 815 individuals. There are no data on extraction on the territory.

Squirrel. The main habitat of proteins are larchs with an admixture of pine, cedar and cedar stabel. Over 5.5 million hectares with a number of from 3 to 30 are concentrated on the Vitimsky plateore, and the years for the larch cones are up to 50 individuals per 10 sq. km. The skins of the Trans-Baikal black bustle proteins are distinguished by beautiful color and high quality fur. The average number around the edge is 185276. In 2013, 12997 pcs were produced in the region of licenses.

Borish game. The basis of the hunting fishery in this group of game is four types - a deepercory, aunt, a row and partridge. Recently, the number of Ryabik has increased. From the aunt birds, the greatest number has a ripper, widespread in the region, occurring in almost all types of forest and coastal communities. The main factors controlling the state of the population are the level of precipitation and air temperature in June and the violation of the activity of human resources. Spring forests and fires, destroying current sections, masonry and broods bring the greatest damage to the populations of the auryvine birds. Inorganized hunting is negatively affected, especially in the areas of residential zones and valleys of rivers.

Increasing the volume of poaching, illegal buying and mining of drug-technical raw materials of animal origin (Kabargovaya jet, deer horns, Pants, Bear Bile, etc.), lack of discount work in hunting equipment lead to a decrease in the number of individual animal species. The number also affects such negative factors such as cutting forests, steppe and forest fires, soil erosion, re-falling, pollution of soil, water and atmospheric air, which worsens the habitats of wild animals, leads to epizooty.

In addition, the Trans-Baikal Territory is the oldest mining region of Russia. Currently, one of the development centers of the mining industry is planned to develop in the south-east of the region. The new economic development of the territories, the construction of industrial and infrastructure facilities is accompanied by essential interference in animal habitats, the action of anxiety factor increases. The area of \u200b\u200bthe impact of mining production on the surrounding landscape significantly exceeds the area of \u200b\u200bthe outlet. Damage to each specific type of animals is defined as a one-time loss of the basic number and the annual productivity of the objects of the animal world over the entire period of negative impact. Damage to the objects of the animal world and their habitat is calculated on special techniques. According to experts, the total damage of the hunting and fishing animal in the development of the fields of the southeast of the region is almost 50 million rubles. The amounts of damage should be reimbursed to take measures to restore animal resources or listed in the regional consolidated environmental fund to special-purpose financing Activities for the protection and reproduction of hunting animals. There is no such foundation in the regional capital, and usually funds are transferred to the account of the administration of the municipal district, where nature management occurs. But how these funds are used, in practice, nobody is monitored. Thus, the nature management system has a number of disadvantages: the mechanism of financing for the restoration of animal restoration measures is not taken into account, the factor in changing the price proportions and rates of environmental payments in inflation conditions is not taken into account.

Conclusion

Available legal and regulatory documents declare damage assessment in the concepts and categories of economic losses for the economy and the consequences for social sphere man. Environmental consequences, incl. The loss of biodiversity, biosphere functions of ecosystems, the media-forming role of vegetation is practically not evaluated. The general disadvantage of the existing techniques is to ignore the effects of economic activities for the reproductive potential of the objects of animal and plant peace and the implementation of the "media-forming functions" (climatic-forming, influence on carbon balance and the gas composition of the atmosphere, hydrological, etc.). In the modern Russian environmental regulatory framework, there is no unified regulatory and methodological document, which formulates the procedure and mechanism for calculating the damage caused by the objects of wildlife and their resources of economic activities. International practice shows that it is the transition from the thesis - "That which human labor is not invested, does not have a value assessment" - to the mandatory environmental and economic assessment of the objects of wildlife and their biosphere functions as the basis for the calculation of compensation allowed us to implement effective economic mechanisms Stimulating wildlife protection. On the other hand, it made it possible to make biodiversity and natural ecosystems one of the most valuable and renewed natural resources, income from which (in the field of ecotourism, the use of genetic resources, interstate settlements on the implementation of global biosphere functions, restructuring external debts "in exchange for nature" etc.) for many countries are already superior to those from traditional - exports of raw materials, etc.. All this indicates the need to improve legislative base relative to the damage compensation natural resources As a result of economic development of territories and in particular, the resources of the animal world.

Bibliographic reference

Gurova O.N., Mikheev I.E. Hunting and fishing animals and hunting problems in the Trans-Baikal Territory // Uspekhi modern natural science. - 2015. - № 8. - P. 53-57;
URL: http://natural-sciences.ru/ru/article/view?id\u003d35508 (date of handling: 03/17/2020). We bring to your attention the magazines publishing in the publishing house "Academy of Natural Science"

One of the subjects Russian Federation Is the Trans-Baikal Territory. It is part of the Siberian Federal District. The boundaries of the Trans-Baikal Territory are held through the Amur and Irkutsk regions, as well as republics: Buryatia, Yakutia. And the southern and southeastern part of the region is the state border with Mongolia and the People's Republic of China.

Plant World of Transbaikal Territory

The vegetation world of the Trans-Baikal Territory is very wide and diverse. This is due to its geographical features, natural conditions and constant development.

The main floral cover are steppe, forest and high-altitude communities. There are very often various shrubs, swamps, meadows and aqueous vegetation.

The territory from the south to the east is characterized by changing the steppe, forest-steppe, forest and taiga zones.

The steppe zone is characterized by cereal steppes - Eden, Polyominant Chetykhzlakov. And along the salted lakes there are halofithic beefitless, barley and polisher meadows.

The mountaineed belt is suitable for increasing the wormwood, the gerbal of the hair and hameroos of the three-party.

The forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Baikal Territory is three zones - steppe, mountain-taiga and mining and wooded.

A classic forest-steppe, consisting of deciduous forests and meadow steppes, is quite rare here. In the Trans-Baikal Territory, forest-steppe is pine, birch and deciduous forests.

Steppe vegetation is represented by the Pijm and Mentilic Speakers. And on the stony slopes, the shrub steppes are increasing, on which there is a large-scale, Tollga, a five hundred.

The Taiga or Forest Territories of the Trans-Baikal Territory are divided into South and Middle Taiga. In southern taiga, you can see herbal, herbian-shrub pine-larch and pine forests.

For middle taiga, mossy larch forests with birch undergrowth are characteristic. Also here you can meet Yarniki, cedar stabilics and Olchovenik.

Alpine tundras are famous for their lichen, colatonian and zetrarian species of plants. Also there are Arcticus, Cassopia and Lamberry.

Empty thickets are characterized by the presence of a rosehip, tolody and rowannik.

In water bodies and swamps increase: reed, mannic, reed, chastula, chastush. On rivers and lakes there are Cubia, water and AIR.

Wood decorative plants are: Black Birch, Ilm, Conventional Tolknaya, Apple Berry, Iva Rusy, Apricot Siberian, Rhododendron Daurus, Rose, or Rosehip Daurgy, Rosehip is needleful and others.

Animal World of Transbaikal Territory

The animal world of Zabaikalsky is no less diverse. As in vegetable world, there are animals living in various natural zones. The animal world of the edge can be divided into territorial habitats: high-mountain animals, taiga, forest-steppe and steppe animals.

Alpine territories are not distinguished by a special variety of animal species. There are rodents and hoofed animals - reindeer, snow rams, alpine foods. Next to them lives asian chipmunctuk, a black andapular margin. Representatives of predators in highland zones of steel: ermine, brown bear and wolf.

The birds live here is not so much, but still there are some species - the tundry partridge, horned larks, a mountainous horse, a mountain shaking, a black, deaf and a cedridge.

From fish here are inhabited by cold-minded species - Lenok, Tymen, Harius and others.

The animal world of the taiga zone is somewhat colorful and extensive first. It also common rodents, wooden deer, elk, Siberian roe and brown bear, wolf and trot. In the taiga of this edge, boar and cabgaru are found. From small animals there are hare-beyaki, northern foods and proteins, chipmunks, flying, voles and forest mice. In the cedarns permanent inhabitants are sables, affection, mountainous and wolverines.

Forest-steppe i. steppe zone Characterized by the presence of many animals. Here are found: Souslik, hamsters, voles, jumpers and Zabaykali Solongia.

Here are kulans and rams Argali, as well as a steppe cat, wolves, foxes, korsaki and others.

Seasons of the Trans-Baikal Territory

As soon as harsh frosts ends, the earlyness period begins. Most often, the spring threshold is the moment of heating air to the positive temperatures. This time of the year lasts about 1.5 months and is extremely arid.

The average summer temperature of Transbaikalsky summer ranges from 16 to 19 degrees of heat. The precipitates are short-term pouring rains.

Autumn comes in Transbaikalia in mid-September, the air temperature drops below 0. There are practically no precipitation.

The duration of the Trans-Baikal Winter is 5 months. average temperature January from -20 to -38 degrees. The precipitates practically do not fall out.