Famous concentration camp of the Second World War. Concentration camps of the Third Reich

January 27, 1945 was liberated by the death camp of Auschwitz. He was released by Ukrainians, as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland said about Tom Gushegoz SketnaSince the operation was carried out by the 1st Ukrainian Front. And in Poland itself, and Europe, the historical "discoveries" of the head of the Polish Foreign Ministry called a storm, and he himself was forced to justify. However, this is not the first attempt to rewrite the history of the Second World War.

Statistics hellish factories

Concentration camps invented long before they began to build fascist Germany in Europe. However, Hitler became a "revolutionary" in this matter, putting one of the main tasks before the administration of the camps, the mass destruction of representatives of the "defective nations" - Jews and Gypsies, as well as prisoners of war. Soon, when Germany began to endure defeats on the Eastern Front, Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians as "representatives of the flawed Slavs" were found to be destroyed to the nations to be destroyed.

In total, fascist Germany also created on its territory, and mainly in Eastern Europe more than one and a half thousand camps, which contained 16 million people. 11 million was killed either they died of diseases, hunger and unbearable labor. The concentration camps in which more than 10 thousand people were contained more than 60.

The most terrible among them were the "death camps", intended exclusively for the mass destruction of people. Such in the list of one and a half dozen.

Auschwitz

Auschwitz (in German - Auschwitz), who had three separated, occupied the territory of 40 sq. Km. It was the largest camp, he saved in various estimates, from 1.5 million to 3 million people. In the Nuremberg Tribunal, a figure of 2.8 million 90% of victims were the Jews. A significant percentage accounted for the share of Poles, Gypsies and Soviet prisoners of war.

It was a factory, soulless, mechanistic, and from being even more terrible. At the first stage of the existence of the camp of the prisoners was shot. And in order to increase the "performance" of this hellish car, constantly "improved technology." Since the burial of the ever-increasing number of executive executioners stopped copefully, crematorium was built. Moreover, they built it their prisoners. Then they conducted a test of the poison gas and recognized its "efficiency". So in Auschwitz gas cameras appeared.

Security and oversight functions were performed by the SS troops. At the same time, the "routine work" was transferred to the prisoners themselves, Sonder card: sorting clothes, carrying tel, maintenance crematorium. In the most "tense" periods in the furnaces of Auschwitz burned daily to 8 thousand bodies.

In this camp, as in all other, torture was practiced. Here the sadists were accepted. The main thing was a doctor Joseph Mengele, Unfortunately, did not take the Mossad, and he is a dirty with his death in Latin America. He put medical experiences over prisoners, conducting monstrous extensive operations without anesthesia.

Despite the enhanced guard camps, which included a fence under high voltage and 250 guard dogs, attempts to shoot in Auschwitz. But almost all of them ended in the death of prisoners.

And on October 4, 1944, an uprising occurred. Members of the 12th protection, learning that they intend to replace them with a new composition, which assumed the right death, decided to desperate actions. Blowing up the crematoriums, they killed three ESSISTS, set fire to two knowledge and struck the bare in those who were driving the fence, pre-arranged a short circuit. Before Politsya, a person was freedom. But soon all the fugitives flew and delivered to the camp for an indicative execution.

When in mid-January 1945 it became clear that the Soviet troops should inevitably come to Auschwitz, able-bonnors, which then there were 58 thousand people, rose deep into German territory. Two thirds of them died on the road from exhaustion and disease.

January 27, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, troops were entered under the command of Marshal I.C.Konov.. In the camp at that moment there were about 7 thousand prisoners, among which were 500 children from 6 to 14 years. Soldiers who have time to look at the war on many atrocities, found traces of monstrous, beggar crop in the lags. They hit the scale of "work done". In the warehouses there were mountains of men's suits and upper female and children's clothing, several tons of human hair and grinding bones prepared for sending to Germany.

In 1947, a memorial complex was opened on the territory of the former camp.

Tsklinka

Death camp, created in the Warsaw Voivodeship of Poland in July 1942. During the year of the camp, about 800 thousand people were destroyed in it, mainly Jews. Geographically, these were citizens of Poland, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Germany, the USSR, Czechoslovakia, France and Yugoslavia. Jews were brought to the boarding commodity wagons. The rest were mostly invited "to a new place residence", and they bought railway tickets for their money.

"Technology" of mass murders here differed from existing in Auschwitz. Arrivals and unsuspecting people were invited to gas chambers on which "showers" was written. It was used non-poisoning gas, but exhaust gases from working tank engines. At first, the bodies were buried to the ground. In the spring of 1943, crematorium was built.

Among the member of the protection operated an underground organization. On August 2, 1943, she organized an armed uprising, capturing weapons. Part of the security was interrupted, several hundred prisoners managed to run. However, almost all of them were soon found and killed.

One of the few surviving participants of the uprising was Samuel VillenbergAfter the war, writing the book "Rebellion in Trevilki". That's what he told in 2013 in an interview about his first impression from the death factory:

"I did not suspect what was happening in Lazarut. I just entered this wooden building and at the end of the corridor suddenly saw all this horror. On a wooden chair, a bored Ukrainian guards with guns were sitting. Before them - a deep pit. In it, the remains of bodies who have not yet devoured fire burning under them. The remains of men, women and young children. I just paralyzed me. I heard that the burning hair crack and the bones burst. In the nose stood caustic smoke, tears came in his eyes ... How to describe and express? There are things that I remember, but not to express them with words. "

After the brutal suppression of the uprising, the camp was liquidated.

Maidan

The Maidanek camp, located in Poland, was to become a "universal" camp in the initial design. But after capturing in captivity of a large number of fighters of the Red Army, which came to the environment near Kiev, it was decided to refill the camp in Russian. With the number of prisoners of up to 250 thousand, prisoners of war were engaged in the construction of prisoners of war. By December 1941, due to hunger, the hardest work, as well as because of the outbreak of the Tifa epidemic, all prisoners were died, which at that time had about 10 thousand.

Subsequently, the camp has lost the "national" orientation, and they began to communicate to the destruction of not only prisoners of war, but also Jews, Gypsies, Polyakov, representatives of other nations.

The camp that had an area of \u200b\u200b270 hectares was divided into five sections. One was assigned for women and children. Prisoners were placed in 22 huge barracks. There were production facilities where prisoners worked on the camp. In Maydanek, according to various data, died from 80 thousand to 500 thousand people.

In Maidain, as in Auschwitz, an poisoning gas was used in gas chambers.

Against the background of daily crimes, the "Enterfest" code name is especially allocated (it. - Holiday harvest). On November 3 and 4, 1943, 43 thousand Jews were shot. At the bottom of the RVA, a length of 100 meters, a width of 6 meters and a depth of 3 meters, prisoners were tightly fitted with one layer. After that, they were consistently killed a shot in the head. Then she laid the second layer ... and so on to the full filling of the RVA.

When on July 22, 1944, the Red Army occupied Maydanek, there were several hundreds of remaining prisoners of different nationalities in the camp.

Sobibor

This camp acted in Poland from May 15, 1942 to October 15, 1943. He went the life of a quarter of a million people. The destruction of people occurred in the exhaust "technology" - gas chambers based on exhaust gases, crematorium.

The vast majority of prisoners were killed on the first day. And only a few left to perform various works in workshops in the production zone.

Sobibor became the first German camp in which the uprising occurred. In the camp operated the underground group headed by the Soviet officer, Lieutenant Alexander Pechersky. Pechersky and his deputy rabbi Leon Feldhendler We planned and led the uprising, which began on October 14, 1943.

According to the plan, the prisoners were to secretly, one, eliminate the SSEE staff of the camp, and then, carved the weapon, located in the camp warehouse, to kill the protection. It was only partially successful. 12 ESSISTS were killed and 38, according to the "Encyclopedia of Holocaust", Ukrainians guards. But it was not possible to take possession of a weapon. Of the 550 prisoners of the working area, 320 began to break through the limits of the camp, 80 of them died when shooting. The rest managed to run.

130 prisoners were abandoned, they were all shot the next day.

On fugitives, a massive hunt was arranged, which lasted two weeks. It was possible to detect 170 people who were immediately shot. Subsequently, another 90 people were issued to the Nazis to the local population. By the end of the war, 53 participants of the uprising were harvested.

The head of the uprising Alexander Aronovich Pechersky was able to get into Belarus, where before reuniting with the regular army, he fought a demolition in the partisan detachment. Then, as part of the assault battalion of the 1st Baltic Front, with battles, moved to the West, reached the title of captain. The war for him ended in August 1944, when, as a result of injury, Pechersky became disabled. He died in 1990 in Rostov-on-Don.

Soon after the uprising camp slafing was liquidated. After the demolition of all buildings, its territory was jammed and sowed potatoes and cabbage.

Snapshot in the opening of the article: the remaining children after the liberation of the German-fascist concentration camp of Auschwitz Soviet troops, Poland, January 27, 1945 / Photo: TASS

To enlarge click on the photo

The prisoner leaves the Dora - Mittelbau (famous names: Dora, Nordhausen) - the Nazi concentration camp, formed on August 28, 1943, near the city of Nordhausen in Thuringia, Germany, as a division of the Buchenwald camp. The main purpose of the camp was the organization of underground arms production at the Mittelverk plant, including Rockets V-2. For 18 months of existence, 60,000 prisoners of 21 nationalities passed through the camp, approximately 20,000 perished in conclusion. Many of them died when laying a tunnel leading to the plant. On April 11, 1945, the 3rd US Tank Division released the Dora Camp - Mittelbau.

Soldiers of the Union Forces inspect the furnaces in the Hertogenbos camp
The furnaces were used for cremation of victims of the Hertogenbos concentration camp in the Netherlands. After the liberation of Canadian troops in November 1944, the camp was used to arrest the Nazis

The surviving prisoner of the concentration camp is crying near a charred corpse of a friend, whom the guards burned out of flamethos when trying to escape

Prisoners of Mauthausen concentration camps in the last days of war
The Mauthausen camp was built in one of the most beautiful and picturesque places of the Danube Valley on the outskirts of the old Verkhneavustian town of Mauthausen back in 1938, when he became a "branch" of the Nazi concentration camp Dahau, located near the Bavarian capital - Munich.
The first 2 thousand Soviet prisoners of war entered Mauthausen on October 22, 1941.
In total, in the concentration camp - not far from the "favorite city of Fuhrera, who he wanted to turn into the capital of the world" - Linz - was executed, died of beatings and hunger, as well as from the abnormal labor in quarries more than 32 thousand Soviet citizens, 30 thousand Poles , several thousand Jews, Italians, Hungarians, Albanians, Serbs and Croats.

Children in the women's concentration camp Ravensbrück
Ravensbrück concentration camp was built, starting from November 1938, the forces of the SS and prisoners translated from Zacchenhausen, in the Prussian village of Ravensbrüc, near the Mecklenburg climatic resort Fürstenberg. It was the only big concentration camp in the German territory, which was defined as the so-called "guarded camp of concluding for women." Children of the "Nariy" nations lambed heads. In April 1945, prisoners were liberated by the troops of the Second Belarusian Front

The Russian concluded concentration camp of the Dora - Mittelbau points to the Nazis. On February 11, 1945, the 3rd US Tank Division released the concentration camp of the Dora - Mittelbau.

The arrest of Josef Kramer - the commandant of the Nazi concentration camp Bergen-Belzen. The prisoners of the camp "Belisen Beast", he was one of the Nazi war criminals, personally responsible for the death of thousands of people. Joseph was arrested by British troops in April 1945.

Prisoner Bergen-Belzen camp during liberation.
Concentration camp near Celle, Hannover. Initially, there was a small camping for political opponents of the Nazi regime. Later was significantly expanded. Although Belzen was not formally a "death camping", was not equipped with gas chambers, thousands of prisoners died there from hunger and exhaustion. In April 1945, Belmen was relieved by allied troops. At the time of liberation, over 35 thousand corpses were found in the camp, and about 30 thousand people remained alive.

Walk outside the Bergen-Belzen concentration camp in German soldiers boots

Bergen-Belsen prisoners after liberation in April 1945. Many suffered from typhoid and dysentery. The average life expectancy of prisoners was about nine months

Prisoners of Buchenwald during liberation
Buchenwald is a German fascist concentration camp. Created in 1937 in the vicinity of Weimar. Originally called ETERSberg. For 8 years about 239 thousand people. were prisoners of Buchenwald. Initially, these were German anti-fascists, later, during the 2nd World War, representatives of many other nationalities. Many prisoners have died already during the construction period of the camp, which was carried out without the use of mechanisms. The owners of large industrial firms also were also located mercilessly exploited, whose enterprises were located in the Buchenwald region. Especially many of the prisoners died in the branch of Buchenwald - "Dora", where in the underground premises, the Fau shells were manufactured. Inhuman conditions of existence, hunger, unbearable work, the beatings led to mass mortality. About 10 thousand prisoners were executed, including almost 8.5 thousand Soviet prisoners of war. Total in B. was tortured by 56 thousand prisoners of 18 nationalities. August 18, 1944 in B. was brutally killed by the Hitlermen of the leader of the German working class Ernst Telman. Since the foundation of the camp in it, the underground organization of anti-fascists, headed by the Communists, began to form. In 1943, an international camp committee was created led by the German communist V. Barthela. By early April 1945, the organization numbered 178 groups (3-5 people each), including 56 Soviet groups. On April 11, 1945, in the conditions of defeat of the German fascist troops in the 2nd World War, Prisoners B. led to the international political center raised the uprising, as a result of which the camp was eliminated by the rebels.

Tattoos of prisoners of Buchenwalda

Union troops discovered the bodies of Buchenwald's burned prisoners in April 1945

Forced trip of Weimar's citizens in Buchenwald in April 1945
Citizens of neighboring Weimar were forced to personally make sure in the atrocities that were working in the concentration camp Bkuhenwald

Germans during a compulsory trip to Buchenwald, after liberation in April 1945

German looks at the bodies of those killed in Buchenwalde during a forced trip in April 1945. After the liberation of the concentration camp of the generals of the American headquarters, George Smith Patton said that the Germans of nearby cities are obliged to see the Nazis's atrocities.

The troops of the Allied troops by the forces of German civilians were preparing graves for the dead prisoners of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp in April 1945

Dachau's concentration camp concluded - one of the first death camps in Germany, happily meet the liberators - 42nd US Army Division, April 29, 1945

Burial in Nordhausen
The recently released prisoner prepares the mother's body for burial not far from the concentration camp of the Dora - Mittelbau, April 1945

Portrait of a prisoner of a concentration camp Dakhau, April 1945

Prisoners Leaving Auschwitz in February 1945
Auschwitz, more precisely, Auschwitz-Birkenaau is the largest Nazi concentration camp and the death camp, the central link created by the Hitler's Germany mechanism for the destruction of disadvantageous persons and groups, mainly European Jews. It was founded on the orders of Gimmler at the end of April 1940 in the suburb of a small provincial town of Auschwitz (Poland) in 60 km south-west of Krakow and 30 km south-east of Katowice (not far from the merger of the Vistula and Sola rivers).

Prisoners celebrate Buchenwald's liberation

This essay is devoted to children's concentration camps who existed in Latvia during the German occupation in 1941-1944, places of children's burials and the acts of extermination of juvenile prisoners. Especially impressionable people recommend to refrain from reading.

Somehow so it happened that, remembering the horrors of the Great Patriotic War, we are talking about the killed soldiers, prisoners of war, extermination and humiliation of civilians. But meanwhile, this so-called. The category of civilians can be somewhat expanded. You can allocate another category of innocent victims - children. For some reason, we have not been talking about these victims, they simply lose against the background of the common horrific digits of the dead. Personally, I have not yet met a detailed research on the topic of destruction of children in Latvia. However, these little prisoners often learned to pronounce separate words and still insecably standing on the legs, kept without proper care and supervision, they were also killed, they were also bold above them, their conditions of detention in the camps did not differ from the conditions of detention. Adults ...

To begin, I will say a few words about the source of information. The information described below is collected on the basis of materials of the investigation by the State Emergency Commission of the atrocities of the German fascists. The most extensive information on children's camps gives an archive case called "Children's camps and burials" (LVVA P-132, Ap. 30, L. 27.), but quite a lot of snubware is scattered throughout the R-132 Foundation, dedicated to reports and certificates Commission. Partially information was drawn in the case dedicated to the "acts and protocols of forensic examination" (LVVA P-132, Ap. 30, L. 26.), there are few information about children's camps in the case where "certificates of destroyed in Salaspilse" are collected ( LVVA P-132, Ap. 30, L. 38.), part of the data can be found in the case "On the victims of the Nazis in the LSSR" (LVVA P-132, Ap. 30, L. 5.). All the outlined information is the testimony of eyewitnesses, witnesses, participants in the events of both the prisoners themselves and from interrogations of the accused warders and policemen.

According to the emergency commission to investigate the crimes of the German fascist invaders, the number of exterminated children in Latvia reaches the figures of 35,000 people. In the materials of the Riga Court of 1946 over military criminals, the number of children destroyed in camps in Riga is 6,700, in addition, more than 8,000 dead in the ghetto should be added to this figure. One of the biggest burials of children in Latvia is located in Salaspils - 7,000 children, the other in the Dreillin Forest in Riga, where about 2,000 children rest.

Baby camps in Latvia

Riga:

E.Birzniek-Uppisch 4 (orphanage)

Hermites 5 (Organization "People's Aid")

Strast 73 (older community)

Str.Barona 126 (Women's Monastery)

St Capsel (orphanage)

In Latvia:

Children's home in Bulduri

Children's house in Dubults

Children's home in Majori

Children's house in Saulkrastov

Children's house in Stracks

Children's home in Baldon

Children's house in ygate

Children's house in the mane

Children's home in Liepaj

In addition, children contained in separate barracks in the Salaspils concentration camp, in the chambers of the Riga urgent prison, the Riga Central Prison, as well as in other prisons of Latvia cities, children were kept in the department of the SD on Ryremers 1, in the prefecture on boulevards. Ospazyas 7 and others places.

The Hitler's leadership with stupid pedanticity destroyed the civilian population at the entire occupied territory of the Soviet Union. The masses of the ruined children before their painful death by barbaric methods were used as a living experimental material for the inhuman experiments of "Aryan medicine". The Germans organized the Children's Blood Factory for the needs of the German army, a slave market was formed, where children were selling to slavery to local owners.

According to a special directive of the head of the police officer, the Obergrupenfürera SS F. Ekkeln, under the pretext of the struggle against banditry in the regions of Belarus, Leningrad, Kalininskaya, as well as Latgale, during 1942-44. The local population was systematically treated in special camps in the cities of Riga, Daugavpils, Rezekne and other places of the LSSR. The concentration camp of civilians, called "evacuated", were rumored in inhuman conditions. In the camps, the Germans were used by a specially designed and thought out system of methodological extermination of tens of thousands of people.

Salaspils.

In the photo: the liberated children of Salaspils in 1944

Usually before evicting any village there, a squad of punishers was rushed there, they burned at home, caught cattle, robbed property. Many residents were killed immediately or burned in their homes. Women with children were collected at railway stations, drove into the wagons, tightly smoothed and taken out to the camps. A week later, they were delivered to one of the camps or prison.

Witness Molotkovich L.V. From the village of Borodulino, Drissansky district tells: "A German punitive detachment has grown Borodulino on our village, which began to burn our homes. Then the same procedure for children, the eldest of which did not reach another 12 years, drove into another Barack, where they kept 5-6 days in the cold. "

In the photo: The squad of punishers burns the village

A terrible hour for children and mothers in the concentration camp came when the fascists, holding out mothers with children in the middle of the camp, forcibly tearned the baby from the unfortunate mothers. Talking Brinkman MG, contained in the concentration camp Salaspils: "In Salaspils, the tragedy of mothers and children in the history of mankind occurred. There were tables in front of the commandure, all mothers with children were caused, and self-satisfied competeants who did not know in their cruelty borders, lined up at the table. From the hands of mothers, they snatched children by force. The air was filled with heartbreaking cries of mothers and crying children. "

Children, starting with breasts, were kept by the Germans alone and strictly isolated. Children in a separate barrack were in a state of small animals devoid of even primitive care. 5-7 year old girls took care of the chest babies. Every day, the German security in large baskets endured from the Children's Barack the faded corpses of the dead children. They dropped into cesspools, burned behind the camp fence and partially buried in the forest near the camp.

The massive continuous mortality of children was caused by experiments, for which juvenile prisoners of Salaspils were used as laboratory animals. German killer doctors sick children made injections of different liquids, injected into the rectum of urine, forced to take on different means. After all these techniques, children constantly died. The children fed the poisoned porridge, from which they died with painful death. He led all these experiments, the German doctor Maison.

The forensic medical commission, examining the territory of the garrison cemetery in Salaspils, found that part of the cemetery with an area of \u200b\u200b2,500 sq. M. Completely covered with hilly with gaps 0.2 to 0.5 meters. When excavation only one fifth of this territory, 632 children's corpses from 5 to 9 years old were discovered in 54 graves, in most graves, the corpses are located in two or three layers. At a distance of 150 m from the cemetery towards the railway, the Commission found an area of \u200b\u200b25x27 meters in size, the soil of which is saturated with an oily substance and ashes and containing parts of unburned human bones, including many children of children 5-9 years old, teeth, the articular heads of the femoral, shoulder , ribs and other bones.

The Commission divided these 632 children's corpses in the age groups:

A) chest children - 114

B) children from 1 to 3 years - 106

C) children from 3 to 5 years - 91

D) children from 5 to 8 years - 117

E) children from 8-to 10 years - 160

E) children over 10 years - 44

Based on the materials of the investigation, testimony, data of exhumation, it was established that for three years of the existence of the Salaspils camp The Germans ruined at least 7,000 children, part of the burned, and part of the buried on a garrison cemetery.

Witnesses Laugulatis, Elterman, Viba, and others: "Selected children under 5 years old were placed in a separate Barack, there they were sick and the masses were died. Sick children were carried to the camp hospital, where they were bathing in cold water, from which they died in a day or two. In this way in the Salaspils camp, the Germans were killed by children under the age of 5 years more than 3,000 for one year. "

From the materials on the accused F. Ekkelna, the witness of Salemum Emilia, 1886 G.: "Being in the conclusion in the Salaspils camp from August 21, 1944, I saw more than 100 Soviet children under 10 years old in a separate barrack No. 10 . In early September 1944, all these children were removed and shot. ... In January 1942, I personally saw the German fascists at the Shkirotava station from the prigent echelons of children immersed in green hermetically closed cars of 30-40 people immediately. Firmly locked the doors of cars, then the children were touched. After 30 minutes, the car was returned back. I know that in such machines, the Germans destroyed children with gases. How many children were exterminated by gases, I can't say, but a lot. "

From the statement of Citizal Viba Evelina Yanovna, 1897.: "The Germans selected children were placed in a special Barack Camp, and they died there with dozens. Only in March 1942, 500 children died, they were told to me caregating for children. The dead children were buried in the cemetery, where they buried the dead in the camp, it was on the very road where they led to the execution, only left. So I know that more than 3,000 children died and the same amount exported somewhere. "

About creative lawlessness and truly brutal appeal tells ten-year-old Natalia Lemshonok (Salaspils's concentration camp got all five brothers and sisters - Natalia, Shura, Zhenya, Galya, Boria): "We lived in the barrack, we were not allowed into the street. Little Anya was constantly crying and asked for bread, but I had nothing to give her. A few days later, we were told to the hospital with other children. There was a German doctor, in the middle of the room stood a table with different tools. Then we were built in a row and said that he would look at the doctor. What he did, was not visible, but then one girl shouted very loudly. The doctor began to fool his foot and scream at her. Going closer, it was visible as a doctor of this girl Walkol with a needle, and blood flowed from his hand into a small bottle. When my turn came up, the doctor pulled out from my Anya and put me on the table. He kept the needle and tricks her in my hand. Then she approached the younger sister and did the same with her. We all cried. The doctor said that it was not worth crying, because all the same we would die, and so it would be useful ... A few days later we took blood again. Anya died. " Survived in the camp Natalya and Boria.

According to the testimony of witnesses, the former prisoners of the Salaspils concentration camp, only for the end of 1942 and before the spring of 1944 more than 12,000 children were held through this camp.

Direct fighters of children in the Salaspils concentration camp were Nickel and Krause, their assistants Hepper, Berger, Tekemeier.

For a speedy to get rid of children from various camps, cars were traveled with armed siepers and chose children from parents. Children were pulled out of the hands, threw into cars and touched on extermination. Cases of poisoning by parents of their own children to save them from terrible death. Fascists' dying children also threw in the body and took off.

Witness Ritov Ya.D. The Commission showed: "In 1944, there were about 400 children in Riga in Riga. From Berlin, he received an order about the magnitude destruction of these children. In the mentioned order, all children were prescribed from the concentration campaign to take to kill. A SS truck was driving up to the camp, which contained about 40 children collected by other camps. They were guarded by 10 sieves armed with automata. Efreitor Shifmater gave an order to issue all 12 children who stayed in the camp, the convoy. Parents hid their children ... Threat to the shooting of all parents along with children, and take 25 hostages for one child, the children were collected. 4 Mothers managed to poison their children. These children in the dying state of the SS also threw into a truck. There were incredible scenes of farewell to parents with children. One girl is eight years old, standing at the side of the truck, said sobbing mother: "Do not cry, mom, this is my fate."

Witness Epstein Dagarov T.I. Shows: "As I then installed ... Machines with children on the same day arrived in the concentration camp of Mezapark. They picked up a new batch of children from the concentration camps and left further. From the chauffes, I learned that the car with the children went to the station Shkirotava, where children poisoned. "

Thus, at the last moment of his retreat from Riga, the Germans destroyed up to 700 children. These acts of violence were led by: General Commissioner Drexler, his employees of Cigenbein, Windgassen, Krebs.

On the basis of these Riga OEAs, as well as numerous testimony for the occupation period, 3,311 children died, mainly ingredients, including for a year and a half 1941-43. - 2 205, and for 9 months of 1944 - 1,106 children.

Prison

In the Gestapo and prisons also had the destruction of children. The dirty and smelly cameras of prisons were never ventured, not heated even in the most cruel frosts. On dirty cold floors, sisiness from different insects, unfortunate mothers were forced to look at the gradual fuss of their children. 100 grams of bread and half liters of water - that's all their meager diet for the day. Medical assistance did not turn out.

With bloody disappears with prisoners in prisons, where the Germans were shot to several hundred people, no exceptions for children did not. They landed along with adults. Sometimes children "forgot" to shoot and they continued to keep their pathetic existence alone until the next execution.

At the interrogation, the former warden of the Riga Central Prison showed that only in one fourth prison corps (all such buildings were six), where she worked for four months, no less than 100 young children were shot, and 4 children died from hunger.

The accused Vesa V.Yu., 1915, the former prisoner of the Riga urgent prison, shows that in early 1942, 150 children were shot in an urgent prison.

From the protocol of interrogation of the accused Western V.Yu., from November 1943 to June 1944 he worked as a nurse in the concentration camp Salaspils: "In the hospital in Salaspils, there were children evacuated from Russia, children's seats in the hospital was 120, adults 180. Children were mainly sick , dysentery, adults - typhoid, lung inflammation. At least 5 children were died of 120 seats daily. The children died from exhaustion, non-appearances of medical care and intentional murder. " In the case file, it is pointed out that the wrestling vetell personally did mortal injections to sick children.

The gestapo of pregnant women languid in the dungeons of pregnant women during interrogations was subjected to severe beatings. Zhukovskaya I.V. Showing the Commission that she personally saw atrocities over the prisoners of pregnant women and babies when conmoning groups of prisoners along the streets of Riga: "I will never forget one fact of German atrocities that occurred in my presence. Germans drove a group of people, beating them with sticks. Suddenly, one pregnant woman stopped and shouted wildly - she began the generic contractions. The German fascist conversion began to beat her stick, she immediately gave birth. The German immediately killed a woman and a newborn, having missed the head. "

Lawyer Munkeevich K.G., held in the central prison for more than a year, reported Commissions: "From July 1, 1941, the central prison began to fill in prisoners along with their minor children. Children were kept together with adults in the same mode and nutrition conditions. The children shared the fate of the parents and died the same death as their parents. Many women were placed in prisons pregnant. Many pregnant women were shot, many gave birth immediately, in prison, and then joined the forest and shot themselves along with the baby. If you submit a period from 1941 to 1943, while I was kept in prison, from there was taken away and shot or otherwise about 3,000-3,500 children were killed. Of course, this number is approximately, but I think that below the actual number. "

According to the investigation, the Commission found that in Riga prisons and the Gestapo bunches, the Germans killed about 3,500 children. Similarly, the Germans committed atrocities over children and in other cities of Latvia. For example, 2,000 children were exterminated in Daugavpils, in Rezekne - 1 200. Thus, in prisons and Gestapo, for the period of German occupation, 6,700 children were destroyed in Riga. The organizers of the extermination of children in prisons were the German administration in the face of Birkhan, Viya, Maletes, Egle, Testa, Albert.

In the spring of 1943, the German troops, retreating, thoroughly hiped with them the entire population from the occupied regions of the USSR. At this time, the flow of children in the camps and prisons of Latvia increased, in connection with this, Latvian prisons are already unable to accommodate prisoners. They are starting to destroy massively.

Baby camps in Riga

In Riga, special distribution points for the sale of children who offered a living goods aged 5 to 12 years old were created. Here are some of the addresses of these items: in the courtyard of "People's Assistance" on Hermites 5, in the Greeschikovsky community on the street 73, in the children's house on ul. Yumaras 4 (Birzniek-Upyasch St.) and in many others. Children who could not be used in the works, aged from one year to five, were overlooked to the women's monastery at St. Baron, 126. Children's camps were also located in Dubulta, Saulkrasti, Ygate, Stranchi.

In the photo: Former children's house on E.BirzniKa-Upyach 4

Says to witness Murnieks Richard Matisovich, 1896..: "In June 1944, I entered the Riga children's home of infants, where he stayed on the day of the departure of Germans from Riga. There were many Russian children under the age of 3rd. Children in the orphanage came from Salaspils concentration camps and Riga prison. The German command did not earlier did not put questions about the evacuation of children, but in October 1944, to the leaving the German troops of Riga, our baby house was taken to a steamer. Machines with children accompanied German soldiers. Everything was exported from the orphanage 150 babes. Since the children were brought from Salaspils and Riga prison, I believe that the children took the steamer for the purpose of their extermination. "

In April 1943, indoor military German cars are suitable for the Women's Monastery in Riga on Kr. Baron 126. They are accompanied by German soldiers under the team of the officer. A terrible picture opened eyewitnesses's eyes: neither sound is not heard from closed bodies, children's voices are not heard. When the tarpaulin leans, dozens of tortured, sick and exacerbated children open up. They felt and tremble from the cold. Loofs barely cover small calves, covered with membranes, degraving and cord. Children Bosa, without hats. From under dirty rags, barely covered unfortunate, on the chest can be seen in the rope. On the signs there are inscriptions: surname, name, age. A series of tags contains one word: "Unbeanter" (unknown). Children silence each other and silent. Children's Barack in the camp, eternal fear and threats, torture and terror sadists studied small sufferers to speak. The car follows the machine. 579 children aged from the age of five, the fascists delivered to the monastery. Transport leads a German officer from SD Schiffer.

In the photo: Female monastery on CR Baron street 126

Witness Skoldinov L.P. Shows: "When I saw the first car, whose body was full of children from a year to five years, stationary sitting, speeding from the cold, because They were dressed in some kind of rags, frost me went on the skin. In front of everyone, even men had tears. "

Witness Grabovskaya S.A. Says: "The children looked old mans. They were thin and painful before an eye, and most importantly, they were struck in them, this is the lack of children's cheerfulness, chatty and suquestness. They could stand in an hour, folding the handles if they did not plant them, and if we put, sit quietly, folding the handles. "

Witness Osokina V.Ya. He said: "It seemed a truck covered with a tarpaulster. Drove into the yard, stopped. It seemed to everyone that he came empty, because It did not come from a sound nor crying, nor a children's exclamation. And the most characteristic guys were the expression of extraordinary neglection and fear, and some expression of complete indifference and excess. Children did not speak at all for 2-3 days. After they explained this by the fact that the Germans in the camp prohibited them to cry and talk under the fear of being shot. "

The Social Department Headed by the Silis Director and the German Organization "People's Help", who was headed by the Silis Director and the German Organization, acting on the instructions of the German Police of the SD Latvia, distributed children from the prefabricated agricultural facilities. In the spring of 1943, advertisements about the distribution of labor appear in the newspapers.

The newspaper Tēvija dated March 10, 1943, p. 3: "The shepherds and utility workers are heard. A large number of adolescents from the border regions of Russia would like to be eager to be the shepherds and utility workers in the village. The distribution of these adolescents was engaged in "People's Help". Agricultural farms can file their petitions about the shepherds and utility workers at the address Bullv. Raine 27.

In the courtyard of "People's Aid" in Riga on Hermites 5, the Germans deliver Soviet children aged 4 to 12 years. Children are contained in the courtyard under the protection of German soldiers. The Germans are arranged here by bargaining, selling children on agricultural work with bathers. Each such slave brought the slave from 9 to 15 German brands per month. For this money, new owners tried to squeeze all possible from the kids.

It tells Galina Kukhenok, born in 1933: "Me, Brother of George and Veroh, the Germans were taken to Ogre, to one owner. I worked in the field, cleaned my rye, hay, harrowing, it was early to work early, it was still dark, and finished work in the evening when it became dark. My sister has two cows, three calves and 14 sheep. Top was 4 years. "

Children's registration clause in Riga on October 2, 1943 by the relationship for №315 Social Department reported: "Young children of Russian refugees ... Without rest, from early morning to late night in rags, without shoes, with very poor nutrition, often for several days without Foods, patients, without medical care, work at the owners in the works inappropriate for their age. With her ruthlessness, their owners went so far that they beat the unfortunate, who lose their disability from hunger ... They are inharaged by selecting the last remnants of things ... when they can't work according to illness, they do not give food at all, they sleep in the kitchens on dirty floors. "

In the same document, it is told about a small girl Galina, located in the Rembattish parish, the manor of the Mercendi, from the owner of Zarinsha that it wants to commit suicide for the cause of unbearable conditions.

Salaspils Commander Krause, circling farms where children work, checked the state of slaves. After such trips, coming to the camp, he announced to everyone that the children live well.

With a thorough examination of the Social Department of the Social Department "Ostlata", it was established that at least 2,2 children from 4 years were sold to Latvian farms as slaves. However, according to the data established by the Commission, in fact for 1943 and 1944. The Germans are distributed to local owners up to 5,000 children, of which it was subsequently grown in Germany about 4,000 people.

Children's camps in Latvia

The hijacking of children is accompanied by robbery of orphanages and civilians. This is what the staff of the orphanage in Mayori Schiranta showed, Purmalit M., Chishmakov F.K., Schneider EM: "On October 4, 1944, the Germans came on five buses and forcibly hijacked in Riga 133 children From the orphanage aged 2 to 5 years, which were taken to load on the steamer. The German fascists robbed a children's home, took all the products, hacked all the cabinets. "

Witnesses Krastinsh M.M., Purvishkis R.M., Kazaquievich M.G., Workers of the 1st Riga House, showed that shortly before the liberation of Riga, on the eve of the retreat Germans arrived at the Riga orphanage. At first plundered the property of the orphanage, then the baby was taken in the amount of 160 people, taken to the port and plunged in the burden of the steamer to coal in the cold. Part of the children was sick, they were also taken away.

Parents Yurevich A.A., Klelementeva V.P., Obers G.S., Borovskaya A.M. The commissions reported that the German fascists, retreating from Riga, had breakdown in the apartment at night and chose children from their parents. Witness Yurevich A.A. He stated: "The Germans began to hastily treat the peaceful inhabitants, to select children. All were driving into the port, shipped for steamats ... I saw the following tragic paintings: the parents were accompanied by the protection of the selected children. The children shouted, clinging to mothers, fell into hysterics. At the same time, they clung to mothers so clung, that dresses were praised. The Germans of children ruthlessly pulled out of the hands of women and sang for a steamer as cattle. The picture was terrible. "

The investigation establishes that for, approximately, the year of the existence of Dubultsky children's camp, from the total number of 450 child-baby children who passed through it, at least 300 children were sold to slavery. Similar circumstances are established in children's camps in Saulkrasts, Strachnic, Ygate and in the Riga Children's House on Str. Yumaras 4.

Extract from the interrogation protocol of the witness of Dudareva Agafi Agafia Afanasyevna, 1910, worked as a cook in Dubult Children's camp.

Question: Tell us how to contain children in the camp in Dubults and Bulduri?

Answer: In Dubults, the children's camp was organized in June 1943, by the time I just arrived there, and by the winter of 1943, in about December, transferred to Bulduri. In Dubults, we were kept under the lock. Children were kept separately. We were parents of women up to 20 people who served children. In order to hide your atrocities on the extermination of Russian children, the German fascists and their accomplices raised the whole howl, they shouted that they save Russian children from the horrors of the Bolsheviks, the occupied Soviet territories were called places freed from the Bolsheviks, began to baptize and drive the church to church , there they were held for a long time they were held during worship, so that exhausted children who survived the horrors of the concentration camp Salaspils, who lost the blood that the German fascists were forcibly taken for their needs, fainted, and the little children underwent in the church, but it was not Hold some robust German servants and they continued to torment the children. I emphasize Russian children, because There were no other children here. As in Dubults, and in Bulduri in the churches, the priests prayed for the victory of the German weapons, indicated that the Germans freed the Soviet Union from the Bolsheviks. The priests from Riga, Dubulta and Bulduri came to children to the camp, where they preached that the Germans were freed.

During the location of this camp in Dubulta there were two German desirers in 1943. One uncle Alik, the second - Lev Vladimirovich, I don't know them the last name. The first Armenian, the second Russian, they mumbled children in the German spirit, they drove them with a building, beat wagons, put in a carpenter, a dark chungy, giving bread and water. When I stumbled behind the children after such a bullying, this uncle Alik hit me. I ran to the head of Benouua Olga Alekseevna, who attacked me, why I don't interfere with my business and prevent children to bring up. When I specified that they cannot be tormented, because They are all exhausted after Salaspils concentration camp, and they continue to mock them, then Benua, consulting with Uncle Alik, they told me to take children with them and led to the second floor, where I locked me with three my sons Viktor, Mikhail and Vladimir, and Daughter Lida Forced me to work for me. At the same time, Benua stated me that they would take children, and they will be sent to Salaspils, she began to call Salaspils. Children, running downside, I shouted to me that Uncle Alik calls to send me to Salaspils. Here I do not remember what happened to me. My children who were with me later told that I wanted little Volodya to throw out the window, and Victor grabbed him from me, that I rode my hair, and I do not remember when I was released. Then Benua came up to me and repeated me: "You will know how not to seek your business, you need to obey." This Alik and Lev Vladimirovich taught children to shout "Hail Hitler". Then this alik went to Germany, in about December 1943, and Lev Vladimirovich was in Riga, they say that he is now in Riga.

During the German occupation, the nutrition of children in this camp was very bad, children were given 200 grams of bread per day. Very little was given in cards of cereals and oil, and what was obtained, Benua folded to themselves. Before the liberation of Bulduri from the Germans, the children lived in the injury, the food was bad, the children were put in an angle, left without lunch. Boys did not want to go to church for it, they were left without lunch. The German officers of the Esvestiy came to the head of Benua, she treated them at the expense of a children's soldering. Olga's former Kachalova's head was a completely different person and a fascist policy did not spend, and Benua conducted. Before the departure, the Germans ordered everyone to boot into the echelons with children, but the trains could no longer go, because The paths were cut off. The head of Benois said not to boot, but to hide everything into the cellar, the Germans seeing that no one had calmed down. In the morning, coming out of the cellar, we saw that the wagons intended for loading are burning. In this way we escaped from death. If we were plunged into the wagons, the Germans would burn us together with the children. This is a children's institution I would call the children's camp of Russian children. When I called the kindergarten, I said that I would answer for it, you need to call the camp. More than 500 people passed children through this camp, from the camp of many children were given to the shepherds, which were kept disgusting. After the fists brought the baby to exhaustion in their farm, they brought back these dirty, sick and torn children to the camp. "

Ghetto

In the terrible recurrency of the Riga ghetto, in which 35,000 people were subjected to sophisticated bullying of human personality, about 8,000 children under 12 years of age languished. All of them were destroyed by the German fascists and their local accomplices at a massologum for the period between November 29 and December 9, 1941.

When columns are doomed to death under the convoy of policemen and SSEsov citizens chased to slaughter in the Rumbul Forest, the executioners were not tolerated. Immediately on the streets of the town of the executioner, they were entertained by the fact that the special sticks were caught from the death bullies of mothers with children, they pulled them to the edge and immediately killed in the emphasis.

The two-story building of the Hetto Hospital at that time was filled with patients with children. The Germans threw sick children through the windows, to go to the trucks standing at the hospital.

Krinkn B.Eye tells about the atrocities of the fascists over prisoners in the ghetto, ... almost all Jewish children died in ghetto with mass executions. But even before the ghetto, the executioners of Tsukurs and Dankop were often arrived. After catching the first child, one of them threw a child in the air, and the other shot on him. In addition, Tsukurs and Dankop, grabbing children behind their feet, waved and knocked their heads about the wall. I personally saw. There were many such cases. In addition, I remember such a case: the commandant of Ghetto Krause met a Jewish girl about 4 years old and she asked her asked if she would not want a candy. When the child answered, not knowing what he expects, Krause ordered her mouth when she did, he sent a gun and shot her in her mouth. "

Dr. Press told the Commission: "At the gate of the ghetto, where the guard lived, the police threw a child in the air and in the presence of the mother was amused by the fact that they picked up this child to the bayonets."

Witness Saliyums KK The commissions showed: "Women with children were driving on the shooting, there were a lot of children. Other mothers had two or three children. Many children went in columns under the enhanced security of the German police. At about the end of December 1941, in the morning about 8 o'clock, the Germans chased to exterminate three large parties of school-age children. Each party had at least 200 people. The children were scared crying, shouted and called mothers, cried about help. All these children were exterminated in Rumbul. Children did not shoot, and killed by blows of automata and handles of pistols on the head and dumped right into the pit. When you buried the grave, then not all were dead and the earth was crushed from the bodies of buried children. "

In the photo: the civilians who were shot by the Germans in Liepaj in December 1941

Witness Ritov Ya.D. The Commission showed: "For the first time with the killed children, I ranked on November 29th, 1941 under the following circumstances: I was called to the" Jewish Committee "and instructed to organize the cleaning of the corpses that were lying on Lyudzas St. and Liksnas in Ghetto. These were the corpses of the inhabitants of the ghetto in the rumbul on November 29th. I managed to get 20 sleds with workers and volunteers in about 100 people. On the morning of November 29, 1941, about 8 hours, I went to Ludzas Street with a group of transport workers. The columns of persecutes of people continued to move through the streets. Separate columns consisted of about 1,500 people. Ahead of the column was two Germans from the police, and approximately 50 people of the local armed police went on the sides and behind the columns. Particularly adapted police officers for their feet or behind the neck of the columns were caught women with children and old people. At the same time, women with children fell, they were immediately on the edge of the column in the focus shot from the rifles, attaching the blow to the head. The heads of the victims flew into pieces. In my presence, the column was moving along Ludzas Street for about two hours and for all this time about 350-400 people were destroyed, which remained lying on the pavement. Among these corpses, a third was children's. When the next columns passed, we began to clean the corpses left on the pavement after November 29 and 30, 1941. Our team removed the minimum of 100 corpses, but there were no less than 700-800 corpses on the streets. Children of them were about a third. The corpses were transported to the Jewish cemetery, first we put them on, then began to drop randomly. I observed there such a scene: the gate of the cemetery stood a group of children, about 15 people, aged 2 to 12 years old. There were two old women with them. This batch of victims pulled out of the column. Next to this group were the police. Children and old women stood on the hood - they were forbidden to move. When I went out of the cemetery with sleds, I turned around and saw the police officers of children and both olds drive in the cemetery. Immediately, after a second, shots rang - this group was shot. On the day, on November 30th, I worked only before dinner, because My nerves could no longer withstand. The two-storey building of the hetto Children's Hospital was filled with patients with children. The SS will have thrown sick children from the window, to get into the trucks standing in the hospital. The brains of children flew around in all directions. "

Drillini

Truck truck go to the forest of Drillini. Under the expression of the eyewitness Liepins K.K., the entire period of the German occupation worked by a barrack in the sheman's manor, on the edge of the forest, the death conveyor was arranged: "I hear shots in the forest, I went to the place of execution to see what the Germans do with their victims. I managed to come up for a distance of 100 meters, and then I saw the following picture: the car was suitable, the German military crashed there, dropped to the land sitting there, and the other German stunning right away with the stick, apparently, iron on the head. Stunned dragged on, undressed, then dragged to the pile of dead bodies, where he was shot in the head. After that, the man was thrown into a bunch of dead bodies, which were then burned. A special death conveyor was arranged with German pedantry. Children threw on the ground, grabbed her legs and hands and immediately shot. "

Testnica Deniseevich E.V.: "I know that during the occupation of the Germans of Riga, they worked terrible crimes and shot in any unique peaceful Soviet citizens, including women and children. Personally, I was an eyewitness of the following German fascist atrocities: about August or September 1944, I went to the Sheimensky Forest for mushrooms. When I went through the forest, because of the trees I saw how several cars were drunk in the woods, covered with black. These machines on the mountain in the forest stopped and the armed German soldiers with dogs first came out of them, and then they began to unload out of cars and children and immediately shoot. And two cars were with women and children, and one car with boys. Women and children whom the Germans shot, shouted about salvation, cried. From these screams, I realized that the brought women and the children were Russian, since they shouted in Russian. I was very frightened by this picture and rushed to run. "

Based on the testimony of witnesses-eyewitnesses Lypins, Karklitz, Siline, Unferyicht, Walter, Denisevich and others found that in August 1944, at least 2,000 children were sent to the Dreylin Forest, at least 2,000 children were shot in the forest.

REFERENCE

According to the extermination of children in the city of Riga and the surrounding area

From the first days of the German-fascist occupation of Riga, women were arrested here with children and placed in an urgent and Riga central pris. Where did the part of it exterminated, and the part went to the Riga Children's House of the Breast-Child, the Major Children's House, in the orphanage Riga - Kapsel, St. Yumaras, in Ygate, Baldon Riga County, Libava, etc.

Children from Gestapo and Riga Prefecture, and later, in 42/43, from Salaspils concentration camps.

It was established that at least 2,000 children in 1941-43 were constantly kept in the Riga Central Prison, part of which, together with adults, was exported to the executions to Bikerneki. Only on July 21/07/1943, more than 2,000 children were shot from Riga prisons, including from the Riga urgent prison only in early 1942 it was exported immediately to the shooting of 150 children.

Since the fall of 1942, the masses of women, old people, children from the occupied areas of the USSR: Leningrad, Kalininskaya, Vitebsk, Latgale, have forcibly came to Salaspils. Children from breast age and up to 12 years old were called for Mothers and kept in 9 barracks of these so-called hospital 3, for children cripping - 2 and 4 barracks for healthy children.

The permanent contingent of children in Salaspils was over 1,000 people in 1944 and 1944. There was a systematic extermination of them by:

According to preliminary data in the Salaspils concentration camp, children were exterminated in 1942 over 500, in 1943/44. more than 6,000 people.

During 1943/44 It was removed from the concentration camp of the surviving and torture more than 3,000 people. For this purpose in Riga, the market of children, where they were sold in slavery for 45 grades for the summer period.

Part of the children were placed in organized for this purpose after May 1, 1943 children's camps - in Dubulta, Bulduri, Saulkrasti. After that, the German fascists continued to supply Latvian fists with Russian children from the aforementioned camps and export directly by the volosts of the counties of Latvia, sold for 45 Reichsmarocks for the summer period.

Most of these adequate children died, because It was easily susceptible to all kinds of diseases after losing blood in the Salaspils camp.

On the eve of the expulsion from Riga of German fascists, they were shipped on October 4-6 to the "Menden" of infants and children of the baby under the age of 4 from the Riga orphanage and the Major ornamental ornament, where children were shot by children who were shot from Gestapo, Prefectures, Prisons And partly from the Salaspils camp and destroyed on that ship of 289 children baby.

The grunny were the Germans in Libava, who is there children's home of infants. Children from Baldonsky, HRIevsky orphanages, nothing is known about their fate.

Without stopping in front of these atrocities, German fascists in 1944 in Riga stores sold poor-quality products, only for children's cards, in particular milk with some powder. Why kids babies died in the masses. Died only in Riga's children's hospital for the first 9 months of 1944 more than 400 children, including in September 71 children.

In these orphanages, the methods of the upbringing and content of children were police and under the supervision of the Commandant of Salaspils Correspondence Crause and another German German, who left for children's camps and houses where children were kept for "inspection."

It was also established that in the Dubult camp of children put in the Cake. For this, the former head of the camp of Benua resorted to promoting the German police police.

Senior Opera Compact NKVD Captain G / Safety / Murman /

Children were brought from Eastern Lands occupied by the Germans: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. Children came to Latvia together with mothers, where they were then raped by. Mothers used as free labor. Older children also used at different types of utility work.

According to the People's Commissariat of LSSR Enlightenment, which has investigated the facts of the hijacking of the civilian population into German slavery, on April 3, 1945, it is known that 2,0802 children were distributed during the German conciliarity.

1) on Kulatsky farms - 1,564 people.

2) in children's camps - 636 people.

3) They are taken to educate individual citizens - 602 people.

The list is based on these files of the Social Department of the Interior of the Latvian General Directorate "Ostlata". Based on the same card file, it was revealed that children were forced to work from the five-year-old age.

In the last days of their stay in Riga in October 1944, the Germans rushed into orphanages, in the houses of chest babies, children had enough children, drove them into the Riga port, where they were driving as cattle to coal mins steamats.

Varksky County - 22

Cēsis County - 32

Ekabpils County - 645

Total - 10,965 people.

In Riga, buried the dead children in the Pokrovsky, Tornakaln and Ivanovo cemeteries, as well as in the forest at the Salaspils camp.

Compiler Vlad Gods

The camps included labor camps and reinforced labor camps, destruction camp, transit camps and camps for prisoners of war. As military events are developing, the differences between concentration and labor camps were increasingly erased, since heavy labor was also used in concentration camps.

The concentration camps in fascist Germany were created after the arrival of the Nazis to power for the purpose of isolation and repressing opponents of the Nazi regime. The first concentration camp in Germany was created near Dakhau in March 1933

By the beginning of World War II, 300 thousand German, Austrian and Czech anti-fascists were located in prisons and concentration camps. In subsequent years, Hitler Germany on the territory of European countries occupied by it created a gigantic network of concentration camps, transformed into places of organized systematic murder of millions of people.

The fascist concentration camps were intended for the physical destruction of entire peoples, primarily Slavic; Total extermination of Jews, Gypsy. For this, they were equipped with shuttle, gas chambers and others. Means of mass extermination of people, crematoriums.

(Military Encyclopedia. Chairman of the Main Editorial Commission S. B. Ivanov. Milipovdat. Moscow. In 8 volumes - 2004.G. ISBN 5 - 203 01875 - 8)

There were even special death camps (destruction), where the elimination of prisoners was continuous and accelerated. These camps were designed and built not as a place of detention, but as death factory. It was assumed that in these camps doomed to death, people should have spent literally a few hours. In such camps, a debugged conveyor was built, which turned into ashes several thousand people per day. These include Majdanek, Auschwitz, Tskilka and others.

Prisoners of concentration camps were devoid of freedom and opportunities to make decisions. SSEsovtsy strictly controlled all aspects of their lives. The violators of order were cruelly punished, subjected to beatings, single conclusion, deprivation of food and other punishment forms. Prisoners were classified depending on their place of birth and reasons for concluding.

Initially prisoners in camps were divided into four groups: political opponents of the regime, representatives of the "lower races", criminal criminals and "unreliable elements". The second group, including Gypsy and Jews, was subject to unconditional physical extermination and was kept in separate barracks.

They were subjected to the most cruel appeal from the SSO, they were famous for hunger, sent them to the most exhaustive work. Among the political prisoners were members of the anti-Nazi parties, primarily the Communists and Social Democrats, members of the Nazi party accused of serious crimes, listeners of foreign radio, members of various religious sects. Among the "unreliable" homosexuals, panickers, dissatisfied, etc.

In concentration camps were criminal offenses, which the administration used as supervisors for political prisoners.

All prisoners of concentration camps were obliged to wear distinctive signs on clothes, including the sequence number and color triangle (Winkel) on the left side of the chest and the right knee. (In Auschwice, the serial number was tattooed on the left forearm.) All political prisoners wore a red triangle, criminals - green, "unreliable" - black, homosexuals - pink, Gypsies - brown.

The Jews were used in addition to the classification triangle also yellow, as well as the six-pointed "Star David". Violated racial laws ("racial deferment") Jew had to wear a black border around a green or yellow triangle.

Foreigners also had their own distinctive signs (the French wore an ore letter "F", Poles - "P", etc.). The letter "k" marked the military criminal (Kriegsverbrecher), the letter "A" - the violator of the labor discipline (from it. Arbeit is "work"). Weakly wore Blid stripe - "Fool". Prisoners who participated or who were suspected of escaped, had to wear a red and white target on his chest and on his back.

The total number of concentration camps, their branches, prisons, ghetto in the occupied European countries and in Germany itself, where in the most severe conditions and destroyed by various methods and means of people - 14,033 points.

Of the 18 million citizens of the countries of Europe, which passed through the camps of various purposes, including concentration camps, more than 11 million people were destroyed.

The system of concentration camps in Germany was eliminated along with the defeat of Hitlerism, convicted in the sentence of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg as a crime against humanity.

Currently, the FRG adopted the division of the places of compulsory content of people during the Second World War for concentration camps and "other places of compulsory conclusion, according to the conditions of the concentration camps," in which, as a rule, forced labor was used.

The list of concentration camps includes approximately 1,650 the names of the international classification concentration camps (the main and their external commanders).

On the territory of Belarus as "other places" 21 camp was approved, on the territory of Ukraine - 27 camps, in Lithuania - 9, Latvia - 2 (Salaspils and Valmira).

On the territory of the Russian Federation "In other places", the places of compulsory content in the city of Roslavl (camp 130), p. Uritsky (camp 142) and Gatchchina.

List of camps recognized by the Government of Germany concentration (1939-1945)

1.Arbaytsdorf (Germany)
2. Auschwitz / Auschwitz-Birkenaau (Poland)
3. Bergen-Belzen (Germany)
4. Buchenwald (FRG)
5. Warsaw (Poland)
6. Herzogensbush (Netherlands)
7. Gross-Rosen (FRG)
8. Dakhau (Germany)
9. Kaen / Kaunas (Lithuania)
10. Crakow Cloaks (Poland)
11. Zabenhausen (GDR-Germany)
12. Lublin / Maidak (Poland)
13. Mauthausen (Austria)
14. Mittelbau-Dora (FRG)
15. Natzweiler (France)
16. Neeengamma (Germany)
17. Netherhagen-Vevelesburg (Germany)
18. Ravensbruck (Germany)
19. Riga-Kaiserwald (Latvia)
20. Fifara / Vaiwara (Estonia)
21. Flosssenburg (Germany)
22. Stutthof (Poland).

The largest Nazi concentration camps

Buchenwald (Buchenwald) is one of the largest Nazi concentration camps. It was created in 1937 in the vicinity of the city of Weimar (Germany). Originally called ETERSberg. Had 66 branches and external working teams. The largest: "Dora" (near the city of Nordhausen), "Laura" (near the city of Zaalfeld) and "Orrodf" (in Thuringia), where Fow's shells were mounted. From 1937 to 1945 Prisoners of the camps were about 239 thousand people. In total, 56 thousand prisoners of 18 nationalities were tortured in Buchenwald.

The camp was released on April 10, 1945 by the units of the 80th US division. In 1958, a memorial complex dedicated to Buchenwald. Heroes and victims of the concentration camps.

Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz-Birkenau), also known under the German names of Auschwitz or Auschwitz-Birkenau, is a complex of German concentration camps in 1940-1945. In the south of Poland 60 km west of Krakow. The complex consisted of three main camps: Aushwitz-1 (served as an administrative center of the entire complex), Auschwitz-2 (also known as Birkenau, "Death Camp"), Auschvitz-3 (a group of approximately 45 small camps, created in factory and mines around General Complex).

More than 4 million people died in Auschwitz, among whom more than 1.2 million Jews, 140 thousand Poles, 20 thousand gypsies, 10 thousand Soviet prisoners of war and tens of thousands of prisoners of other nationalities.

On January 27, 1945, Soviet troops freed Auschwitz. In 1947, the State Museum of Auschwitz Birkenau (Auschwitz-Brzezinka) was opened in Auschwitz.

Dachau - the first concentration camp in fascist Germany, was established in 1933 on the outskirts of Dakhau (near Munich). There were about 130 branches and external working teams located in South Germany. Dakhau prisoners were more than 250 thousand people from 24 countries; About 70 thousand people are tortured or killed (including about 12 thousand Soviet citizens).

In 1960, a monument to the dead was opened in Dakhau.

Majdanek - the German fascist concentration camp, was created in the suburbs of the Polish city of Lublin in 1941. had branches in Southeast Poland: Budzin (under the Krasnik), Plashów (near Krakow), herbalists (under the impex), two camps In Lublin. According to the Nuremberg process, in 1941-1944. About 1.5 million people of various nationalities destroyed in the camp with fascists. The camp was released by Soviet troops on July 23, 1944. In 1947, a museum and research institute was opened in Maidain.

Treblinka - German-fascist concentration camps near Art. Tskilka in the Warsaw Voivodeship of Poland. In Trevilki I (1941-1944, so on. Labor camp) killed about 10 thousand people, in Trevilki II (1942-1943, camp of destruction) - about 800 thousand people (mainly Jews). In August 1943, the rebellion of prisoners was suppressed in Trevilka II, after which the camp was eliminated. Camp Tskilka I was liquidated in July 1944 with the approach of Soviet troops.

In 1964, a memorial symbolic cemetery of the victims of the Fascist Terror's victims was opened on the place of Trevilki II: 17 thousand tombstones from the incorrect shape, monument-mausoleum.

Ravensbruck - the concentration camp was founded near the city of Fürstenberg in 1938 as exclusively female, but later a small camp for men and one more for girls was created. In 1939-1945 132 thousand women and several hundred children from 23 European countries have passed through the death camp. 93 thousand people were destroyed. On April 30, 1945, the prisoners of Ravensbrück were liberated by the fighters of the Soviet army.

Mauthausen (Mauthausen) - the concentration camp was established in July 1938, 4 km from Mauthausen (Austria) as a branch of the concentration camp Dahau. From March 1939 - an independent camp. In 1940, Gusen was merged with the concentration camp and became known as Mauthausen-Guzen. There have been about 50 branches scattered throughout the territory of the former Austria (Ostmark). During the existence of the camp (until May 1945) there were about 335 thousand people from 15 countries. Only on the preserved records, more than 122 thousand people were destroyed in the camp, including more than 32 thousand Soviet citizens. The camp was released on May 5, 1945 by American troops.

After the war in the place of Mauthausen, 12 states, including the Soviet Union, a memorial museum was created, monuments were established in the camp.

The times of World War II were the most terrible for the Jewish people. Six million people died from the hands of the Nazis. The Jews were sent to the death camps where there was no chance for life. On the most terrible concentration camps of Nazi Germany, in which almost a third of the entire Jewish population of the planet was destroyed - read 24 channels in the material.

The international day of the victims is celebrated on January 27, it was on this day that the 1945 soldiers of the 1st Ukrainian Front from the Rows of the Soviet Army liberated the prisoners of the largest Nazi death camp Auschwitz-Birkenaau in Auschwitz.

Auschwitz (Auschwitz)

This is one of the largest concentration camps of the Second World War. The camp consisted of a network of 48 locations, which submitted to Auschwitz. It was in Auschwitz sent first political prisoners in 1940.

And since 1942, mass destruction of Jews, Gypsy, homosexuals and those whom the Nazis considered "dirty people" began there. During the day there could be killed about 20 thousand people.

The main way of murder was gas chambers, however, people also massively died from overwork, insufficient nutrition, poor living conditions and infectious diseases.

According to statistics, this camp fell 1.1 million people, 90% of whom were Jews

Tsklinka

One of the most terrible camps of the Nazis. Most camps from the very beginning were built not quite for torture and extermination. However, Tskilka was the so-called "camp of death" - he was designed specifically for the murders.

There from all over the country sent weak and weak, as well as women and children, that is, "second-rate", which were not capable of working hard.

In total, about 900 thousand Jews and two thousand gypsies died in Trevilk

Belzhets.

The Nazis in 1940 founded this camp exclusively for Roma, but already in 1942 they began to massively kill Jews. Subsequently, Poles were trying there, which opposed the Nazi regime of Hitler.

In total, 500-600 thousand Jews died in the camp. However, this figure is worth adding more dead Gypsies, Poles and Ukrainians.

Jews in Beller used as slaves to prepare for military invasion of the Soviet Union. The camp was located on the territory near the border with Ukraine, so a lot of Ukrainians killed in prison, who lived in the area.

Maidan

This concentration camp was built for the detention of prisoners of war during the invasion of Germany in the USSR. Prisoners used as a cheap labor and intentionally did not kill anyone.

But afterwards the camp "reformatted" - they began to send everyone massively. The number of captives increased and the Nazis simply could not cope with everyone. It began gradual and mass destruction.

About 360 thousand people died in Maidanek. Among which were "unclean" Germans

Helmno

In addition to the Jews, the usual Poles from the Ghetto Luza, continuing the process of Germanization of Poland, also massively deported to the Jews. The train did not go to prison, so the prisoners were delivered to the trucks or they were forced to go on foot. Many died on the road.

According to statistics in Helmno, approximately 340 thousand people died, almost all - Jews

In addition to mass murders, in the "death camp" also conducted medical experiments, in particular testing of chemical weapons.

Sobibor

This camp was built in 1942 as an additional building for the camp of the Beller. In Sobibor, at first kept and killed exclusively the Jews, which were deported from the Lublin Ghetto.

It was in Sobibor that the first gas chambers experienced. And also for the first time began to distribute people on "suitable" and "unsuitable." The latter was immediately killed, the rest worked until complete exhaustion.

According to statistics, about 250 thousand prisoners died there.

In 1943, a riot occurred in the camp, during which about 50 prisoners fled. Everyone who remained - died, and the camp himself was soon destroyed.

Dahau

The camp built not far from Munich in 1933. At first there were sent all opponents of the Nazi regime and ordinary prisoners.

However, later everyone fell into this prison: there were even Soviet officers who expected executions.

The Jews began to send there in 1940. In order to collect more people, about 100 other camps were built on the territory of South Germany and Austria, which were controlled by Dakhau. That is why this camp is considered the largest.

Nazis killed in this camp over 243 thousand people

After the war, these camps were used as temporary accommodation for the forced to resettled Germans.

Mauthausen-Guzen.

This camp has become the first to be mastered to kill people and the latter, which was released from the Nazis.

Unlike many other concentration camps who were intended for all segments of the population, only the intelligentsia was exterminated in Mauthausen - educated people and members of the highest social classes in the occupied countries.

It is not known how many people were tortured in this camp, but the figure ranges from 122 to 320 thousand people.

Bergen-Belsen

This camp in Germany was built as a prison for prisoners of war. There were about 95 thousand foreign prisoners.

Jews there were also - they were swapped on some outstanding German prisoners. Therefore, it is obvious that this camp was not intended for extermination. Specially there no one was killed and did not torture.

At least 50 thousand people died in Bergen-Belzen

However, due to the lack of food and drugs, as well as unsanitary conditions, many in the camp died due to hunger and illness. After the liberation of the prison, there were about 13 thousand corpses, which were just lying throughout.

Buchenwald

It was the first camp, which was released during World War II. Although it is not surprising, because from the very beginning this prison was created for the Communists.

Masons, gypsies, homosexuals and ordinary criminals also sent to the concentration camp. All prisoners were used as free workforce for the production of weapons. However, later there began to conduct various medical experiments on the prisoners.

In 1944, the camp fell under the shelling of Soviet aviation. Then about 400 prisoners died, and about two thousand were injured.

According to estimates, almost 34 thousand prisoners died in the camp from torture, hunger and experiments.