In the course of the development of civilization, humanity faced certain difficulties. But scientists began to speak about the global problems in the 70-80 years of the last century, when there were more resources for the life support of the population. Yes, and waste began to increase significantly. What global problems are worried today?

10 Natural disasters

Global warming leads to a change in temperatures in the upper and lower layers of the Earth. In this connection, cardinal changes in the atmosphere are observed, which leads to anomalies and cataclysms.

9 Backwardness of some countries

Now exist on the planet of the country where people are starving. Most of the children suffer from whom the body has not formed. Immunity without high-quality food does not cope with diseases. Therefore, they often get sick and die. About mental Development Don't even talk. The main goal is to survive.

8 Peaceful development of cosmos

Testing weapons littered the atmosphere. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the development of the cosmos does not threaten the lives of people. Therefore, in mastering outer space It is necessary to adhere to only peaceful purposes. And the best - stick international cooperation and understanding.

7 Using World Ocean Resources

The world ocean has always been a source of existence. It is advisable to send actions to turn into a whole natural and economic system. Refuse the burial of nuclear waste, prohibit military tests and create the global structure of the marine.

6 Food

The World Health Organization voiced a terrible figure - 1.2 billion people undernourished. For this data to decrease, follow the general action plan. First, throwing parcel of land, spread fish. Secondly, grow plants and rocks of animals that are resistant to diseases.

5 Energy

To provide yourself with fuel in a cold period, a person destroys the trees. Uncontrolled actions lead to a reduction in species of animals and plants. Balance is broken. Getting energy due to the sun, the wind can solve the problem of heat and light.

4 Demographic

The population of the Earth gradually increases. Therefore, it is necessary to drastically think the authorities of the states where the number of residents is very high. The only right output is a well-thought-out demographic policy, where the interests of the nations will be taken into account, traditions are preserved and certain conditions for life are provided.

3 raw materials

The reason for the occurrence of the raw material problem is the constant increase in the volume of mineral raw materials, which is obtained from the bowels of the earth. Gradually, raw materials loses its value. If you compare the copper content in ore, now it has decreased by 30%. From this they suffer from people buying low-quality goods.

2 Environmental

Irrational use of natural fossil and gradual pollution ambient - These are the steps of human activity leading to a big problem. Soon our planet will turn into a single landfill, which the American writer Ray Bradbury described in his story. Nothing will remain from natural beauty.

1 World

The topic of war is now very acute. Wish to fight always attended. But with the development of nuclear weapons, the danger of destroying entire continents increases. The only correct decision on this issue is peaceful coexistence.

All global problems did not fit into this list. Rare infectious diseases are not mentioned, international terrorism and much more. With each new decade, problems will appear. The main thing is to solve them on time.

Global problems Modernity is treated from two different sides: human and planet safety. That is why difficulties arise in the harmonious existence of people on earth without harm to the outside world. In order to realistically estimate the criticalness and the need for urgent changes in life, we suggest reading an article that describes the problems of modernity and possible options for solving them.

The main global problems of modernity

Increasingly, news releases shock people terrible statistics on violence, accidents, emissions to the atmosphere, the depletion of earthly resources and the approximation of the global catastrophe. When in developed countries engaged in robots with artificial intelligenceSome nationalities disappear from the face of the earth due to lack of medical care and pure water.

People have taken away the environment so much that it is necessary to take a row to restore balance complex solutionswho will have a massive character. One person cannot change the whole world, but imagine if 7 billion people will simultaneously want to help each other.

For such cases, there are many organizations in which the global problems of humanity are considered and how you can contribute to their decision.

Consider the main problems:

• Food security.

The number of hungry people in the world over the past few years has increased significantly. Every ninth man in the world is usually starving and, as a result, suffers from nutrient deficit. At first glance, it may seem that the problem is in a lack of food produced, but this opinion is erroneous. People just lack money to buy healthy food.

• Health problem.

In addition to malnutrition there are many other problems affecting human health globally. In the past, the focus of scientists and health organizations was focused on infectious diseases: hepatitis, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. Expansion of access to K. clean water And improving education in the field of sanitation led to a decrease in the distribution of transmitted diseases around the world. However, this does not mean that efforts to improve sanitation should be discontinued.

Currently, the global medical community is engaged in the study of noncommunicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Currently, 70% of people die from infectious diseases, and low-income countries suffer most seriously. Vividly expressed this problem in Thailand, South Africa, Mexico and India.

• The need for gender equality.

The next problem arose in connection with historical termswho built social barriers to women in economics and personal freedom. Despite the fact that a lot of effort was applied to facilitate this problem, it was not completely eradicated.

In many patriarchal countries, women are deprived of rights with early age. They are not allowed to school, do not allocate finances on higher education And they believe that the woman should sit at home. As a result, women still earn less men. Such inequality leads to an empty place of potential and prevents cultural and technical progress. Unprotected women are increasingly becoming victims of violence and aggression.

• Africa needs.

A number of alarm statistics of the UN indicate a sharp need for humanitarian support for Africa. In this region, there is the highest children's mortality and the number of people living with HIV. Here are the highest rates of growth among children, the greatest number of deaths as a result of road accidents and the lowest indicators for literacy of the population. The fertility rate in Africa increases, but more and more people suffer from these problems every day.

• Global environmental problems.

There are three main environmental issues listed by the UN. These include the threats of habitat of organisms on land and under water, climate change and resource depletion. According to UN statistics, forests are depleted at a rate of 13 million hectares every year.

Most of the planet is covered with water. Oceans absorb carbon dioxide and produce about 30% oxygen. Despite its importance, the ocean is under threat. Excessive catch of fish causes a threat to the disappearance of many species.

• Global world problems requiring political decisions.

These include safe use of nuclear technologies, compliance international law both peace, promoting decolonization of countries and ensuring the effective functioning of democracy. The main threat to a person's life is a man himself. The world constantly shifts from the results of terrorist acts, wars, testing of new weapons and migrations. In pursuit of new lands of politics and aggressors lie thousands human lives And the resources of nature are depleted.

Global problems require global actions. When it comes to solving the main social problems With the use of innovation, new business models or global agreements, many experts agree that the success of the decision bears solely political character, and not technical.

Ways to solve global problems in the world

The UN has prepared a report called Millennium Development Goals, which is an important reminder that changes are possible when we act. Here are 10 main points from the report:

• From 1990 to 2015, more than 1 billion people came out of extreme poverty. The percentage of beggars in developing countries decreased from 47% to the projected 14%.
• The number of young children who did not attend school, since 2000 decreased almost twice as possible: from 100 million in 2000 to 57 million
• Since 1990, child mortality has declined more than twice. In 1990, 12.7 million children under the age of 5 died. In 2018 this year, this number decreased to 6 million.
• Mother mortars decreased by 45% since 1990.
• From 2000 to 2013, the number of new HIV infections decreased by 40%.
• From 2000 to 2015, more than 6.2 million deaths from malaria were prevented, mainly among children under the age of 5 years.
• Since 1990, 2.6 billion people have gained access to an improved source of drinking water.
• The number of starving in the developing regions decreased almost twice from 23.3% in 1990-1992 to 12.9% in 2016.
• Here possible solutions Actual problems of humanity.

The problem of peace and wars can be solved in such ways:

• control over the manufacture of weapons;
• prohibiting the use of nuclear weapons and its alternatives;
• careful control of arms trade and smuggling;
• strict sanctions for aggressor countries.

Adhering to these elementary conditions, it is possible to reduce the number of victims and the consequences of hostilities.

To avoid an ecological catastrophe need:

• reinforced protection of endangered organisms;
• optimal use of resources from local to a global level;
• environmental measures from the impact of the work of factories, factories and other enterprises;
• prohibition of experiments on animals;
• creating new reserves.

The demographic problem will help solve a number of actions aimed at gender equality, protecting women from violence and free access to general education Any point in the world.

You can avoid the lack of fuel and raw materials using the introduction of alternative sources of energy and heat. One of the main obstacles to this is the high cost of energy processing equipment.

The taste of hunger should try to solve this way:

• expansion of land for cultivation and maintenance, and not for concrete building;
• creating new lakes and pastures;
• automation of small farm business and financing of enterprises engaged in the cultivation of natural food.

Water of the World Ocean also need urgent salvation. For this you need:

• determination of clear zones for fishing, oil production;
• replacement of port appliances that makes emissions in the ocean water;
• strict control over the purity level of water and intensive actions for its purification;
• prohibition of nuclear waste and chemical weapons.

Also, do not forget about the rules for preserving the purity beyond the boundaries of the planet in the study of outer space.

One of the main problems is the difference in the development of many countries. Technology, automation, level of education and medicine is so much different that further reduces the possibility of the peaceful existence of peoples. The only solution to this problem is the help of lagging countries and their support internationally.

The problems of humanity are increasing every day in their quantity. This is happening for a number of reasons, in which a person stands. Wars, the release of garbage, industrial enterprises, the creation of new types of chemical and nuclear weapons, cutting down the forests and water pollution - the scale of the destruction that brings the planet man becomes terrifying. To avoid disasters and save the resources for the life of descendants, every resident of the Earth should be involved.

To compare the data received for the Homo Sapiens community, Dunbar returned to anthropology. The researcher found out that the number of people in rustic traditional settlements fluctuates in the limits expected - up to two hundred people. In his work, the scientist suggested that the number of neurocortical neurons - electrically excitable cells of the head, which are processed, stored and transmit information using electrical and chemical signals - limits the body's ability to handle information, which, in turn, limits the number of relations that a person can simultaneously support. When the group size exceeds this amount, the individual becomes difficult to maintain the number of contacts.

Modern communication looks like

And indeed - if you ask representatives of the older generation, how they got acquainted, and recognized any news, they will answer that they got acquainted on the holidays from friends, went to walk together, spoke each other by dating, meaning the following meeting, and when the hostess I wanted to cook an unusual dish, then the recipe asked familiar. And the number of these acquaintances on average did not exceed 150 people. All the above examples suggest that in the past, people interacted much more often. They had to personally communicate like a familiar circle of people, and to meet new people, which, undoubtedly, developed their social skills perfectly. It is possible that this experience of our parents and grandmothers affected the mutual understanding of generations - today the communication of young people is increasingly happening online, and this concerns both friendly and love relationships.

Today, the opportunity to get all the necessary information at any time, just googled it, significantly reduced the need for live communication between people. Why call familiar or meet with a friend who owns information you need when there is an Internet? Gradually, this led to the fact that people began to communicate less lively and more and more online. So, modern teenagers are harder to get acquainted with unfamiliar people And in general, socialized than representatives of previous generations.

Dopamic Networks and Real Friends

Social networks and profiles that we create in them are played a huge role in the modern world. Some psychologists call pages in social networks The creation of an improved version of ourselves, since each person strives to make a good impression on others and often gives itself false information. It turns out that communication itself has changed today, it has become more superficial. A certain disunity of interests also appeared - if in the past the whole country watched the "meeting place cannot be changed" and the general topics for the conversation could be found almost with everyone, today the picture is quite different. The emergence of the Internet and such streaming services as, on the one hand gave us imaginary freedom of choice, and on the other, it made it possible to get acquainted with a person with similar interests in real life more difficult.

Instagram began testing "Failure from Likes" in some regions of the United States. According to new Policy companies, likes will be available only to the author of publications, and its subscribers are not

Moreover, based on the work of the Dunbar, you can make a false conclusion that the number of social networks should not exceed 150 people. But in fact we add to friends a large number of Man, and half of whom have never seen or see if at all. Figures in the Friends tab today is a source of dopamine, but not real happiness.

According to a newly conducted study, a person is able to maintain only five truly close contacts throughout life. That is why the first five people are allocated in your ribbon in social networks. But with the rest of the conditional 145 friends, communication is a bit strange - about once a year or six months we congratulate each other with the messages, for example, "happy birthday", as if let's know to know another person about what we remember about its existence. But such a "zombing" in social networks cannot be called full-fledged communication. It comes out, our ancestors communicated with each other much more, more often and more productive us and this communication was often faithful key factor Their life welfare.

Zombing is a like or congratulation on the holiday from a person with whom you do not support communication both online and in real life.

I note that the Internet and the information epoch not only enriched the Russian language with the latest borrowing, but also changed etiquette. So, in the modern world, the ability to postpone the smartphone in time and not to make too many photos in the presence of others.

The series "Black Mirror" is no longer a series

Lovers of social science fiction probably watched at least one episode of the series Charlie Brukler "Black Mirror". The first series of the third season talked about how husky on social networks affect social status and determine the position in. And if the relationship between people in the world shown in this episode looks like an exaggeration, then the reality is actually left not so far - the taxi driver today can really lose his job if the client will put a couple of three times a couple of five. But how practically all interactions between people in modern China As if it makes you think: "Is it not the world of" black mirror ""?

Frame from the series "Black Mirror" (Season 3 Series 1)

Of course, the appearance of the Internet and modern technologies Changed not only friendship and relationship. Today, the Internet has an impact on all aspects of our lifestyle - from basic needs to the most luxurious things. And as we follow in the future, it is logical to suggest that dependence on the Internet and its role in our lives will only increase. Modern world erases borders, reminding the global city that exists thanks to the Internet. After all, despite the fact that communication today is increasingly superficial, we can now communicate with anyone, when you want and anywhere. He became a kind of management to all information and requests for beauty, health, fashion, lifestyle, personal hygiene and many other things. Moreover, we can not only work without leaving home, but also getting education sitting in your cozy chair. The Internet has become a huge platform for free exchange of knowledge. Yes, we are less likely to see each other's faces, but we have Wikipedia.

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Finishing this article, I can not not note that along with endless capabilities that appeared thanks to the Internet, no less reasons for concern. Our society is rapidly transformed by the meme "Okay, Boomer", which recently overwhelmed the world social networks, a visual example. The generation of baby boomers - people who were born from 1943 to 1963 - really does not understand Millennoalov and especially representatives of Z.. The fact is that the social environment in which the boomers grew absolutely different, rather than the environment Surrounding modern children and adolescents - and their, among other things, the screens of smartphones, tablets, TVs and infinite information flows are surrounded.

Casting of the series "Friends" is almost in full force. Inscription at the top - "Boomers"

Changes relate to views on the world and even jokes. What was considered ridiculous 20 years ago and what they were joking in the series "Friends" today causes the indignation of young people. The values \u200b\u200bthat broadcast the generation of boomers are observed with an incredible speed, which only glows a misunderstanding between people. But no less dangerous, I see the inability, and sometimes the reluctance of network users. It is no secret that false scientific and dangerous ideas, for example, the dangers of vaccination, with incredible speed and success are distributed in.

No matter how popular society has changed with the development of technology and the emergence of the Internet, we still remain people with the mistakes of thinking, the need for communicating and intimacy with others. Perhaps the best thing that can be done today every of us is to stop for a minute and think about what direction and where we go.

Partner Material

Without borders: Why modern culture is striving for unprofit

Examine windows, televisions, smartphones and even paintings. Why modern world no longer wants to keep himself within the boundaries of reasonable - in a review prepared together with the Honor brand.

It took the time when we limited ourselves to one function. We are constantly learning, expanding our borders, strive for multitasks, try on different roles. And the culture has become the same. Movie genres, theater, music are boldly mixed with each other, so determine where one ends and the other begins, it becomes almost impossible. Frames and on the household level: We like to watch movies on an endless screen with a complete dive effect, equip apartments with floor-to-ceiling windows and browse the video on modern curious smartphones.

Architecture: Flameless windows and houses-glass

A window that does not cut the transverse beams creates a feeling of free movement of light and air, and if you open this window completely, the boundaries between foreign world And the house is erased at all. By the way, framemen are performed from much more durable glass: it is no coincidence that they often make not only windows, but also walls. The quintessence of the trend is the most transparent building of the Institute of Technology in Tokyo. The rectangular house-box is located in the middle of the park, and due to the transparent walls it creates a complete illusion of stay in the forest. More avant-garde version - reminding Iceberg headquarters of the Department of Health of the Big Land in Bilbao. She, on the contrary, clamped between classical buildings, which further emphasizes her unusual appearance.

Painting: Baguet, goodbye

The tendency to hang on the walls of the picture without framework appeared about three years ago, but in fact, we all faced it much earlier. Remember, as a child, Mom fucked with a button on the wall of our first works? The picture without a priori frame looks slightly homemade, slightly more comfortable and as if unfinished, and designers are actively used by this. In the new season, they not only do not "dress up" works of art, but do not always hang them on the wall. Large meter paintings can be seen standing on the floor behind a sofa or bed, against the background of monochrome walls. As if this is not a house at all, but the workshop of the modern artist. By the way, the mirrors in the modern interior are also increasingly "undressing." This is especially true for apartments made in the style of minimalism.

High-tech: televisions without frames

The curious 360 ° design is extremely popular with TV manufacturers: devices fit into the interior, becoming part, or rather, the continuation of the space. In the coming season, they are hanging on the walls, installed on special easels instead of paintings and even placed on the ceiling. The bulk screen (up to 200 inches or more), the absence of a framework and an exotic arrangement create a feeling of complete immersion and separation from reality.

Interiors: no plinths and furniture without pens

Faille below the plinth will no longer work. An even recently seemingly indispensable detail of the interior goes into the past. The wall of the wall and the floor now looks minimalist, strictly and graphically. No extra lines. One solid geometry. Modern furniture is also becoming more laconic. Pens simplify and often leave at all. The decor comes down to a minimum, and the silhouettes themselves themselves themselves are all stricter: the less details will distract our attention, the better.

"Global problems" (from Lat. Globus terrae - the globe itself appeared in the late 1960s.) - A combination of human problems that arose in front of him in the second half of the 20th century and on which the further existence of civilization depends on the solution.

Common features:

scaligence: affect all humanity;

suggest the international cooperation different countries (It is impossible to decide in one separate country);

acidness: Depends on their solution further fate civilization;

manifest as objective factor in the development of society;

ultimately demand solutions.

Main (priority) global problems:

The problem of war and peace, preventing a new world war.

Demographic.

Raw.

Ecological.

The "North-South" problem (overcoming the backwardness of developing countries and reduce breaking in the level of development between them and advanced post-industrial countries).

6. Food.

7. Energy.

8. Use of the World Ocean.

9. World development of space.

Etc.

All global problems are interrelated. It is impossible to decide each of them separately: humanity should solve them together for the sake of saving life on the planet.

The main directions of the permission of global problems:

Formation of a new planetary consciousness. Education of man on principles humanism. Wide informing people about global problems.

Comprehensive study of causes and contradictions, conditions leading to the emergence and exacerbation of problems.

Observation and monitoring global processes on the planet. Obtaining objective information from each country and international Studies It is necessary for predicting and decision making.

Clear international System Forecasting.

Development of new technologies (resource-saving, using recycling, natural sources Energy).

The conclusion of international cooperation for a new quality level. Concentration of efforts of all countries to solve global problems. It is necessary to cooperate in creating the latest environmental technologies, the overall world center for the study of global problems, a single fund of funds and resources, the exchange of information.

Questions:

1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "global problems of humanity"? Attracting the knowledge of the social science courses, make up two sentences containing information about global problems.

Definition: 1) Global problems are a combination of human problems that have arisen in front of him in the second half of the 20th century and the existence of civilization depends on the solution.

Two sentences: 2) The solution of global problems of humanity is possible only with the participation of the entire world community. 3) One of the global problems is the problem of peace and disarmament, preventing new world war.

2. Name any three global problems of modernity and bring to each specific example.

Ecological problem. Example: cutting down forests - "light planets", for example tropical forests In the valley of the Amazon River.

Demographic. Example: a rapid birth rate in the modern world with 1.5 billion people at the beginning of the twentieth century, up to 6.5 billion at the beginning of the XXI century. In the fall of 2011, a seven-year-old resident of the planet was recorded. The population of land increases in geometric progression and in the most modest calculations will reach 10 billion inhabitants by 2050.

The threat of the emergence of the Third World War. Example: If in the early 1950s of the twentieth century only two countries in the world have nuclear weapons, then they are already about a dozen of them at the beginning of the XXI century. Moreover, some of them are in the state of the "Cold War" with each other, for example India and Pakistan.

3. Illustrate by three examples the relationship between the problems relating to the increase in the gap between the developed countries and the third world countries, with the problem of preventing a new world war.

As an example illustrating the relationship between the problems relating to an increase in the gap between the developed countries and the third world countries, with the problem of preventing a new world war, may be given:

A significant number of local armed conflicts falls on the third world countries, some of which have nuclear weapons (for example, Indo-Pakistani conflict.

Because of the exacerbation of the problem of providing raw materials and energy resources, the most developed countries of the world provoke, and sometimes they themselves participate in wars for control over sources of raw materials (for example, war in the Persian Gulf or American-Iraq war).

The poverty of individual regions of the planet contributes to the spread of the most radical, warlike ideologies, whose adherents are fighting against developed countries (for example, Islamic terrorist organizations) and etc.

4 . Read the text and perform tasks to it.

"At the threat now there are most of the remaining higher species Plants and animals. Those of them who have chosen to meet their needs have long been adapted to its requirements with the sole purpose of producing as much food and raw materials as possible. They are no longer the Darwinian law of natural selection, which provides genetic evolution and adaptability wild species. However, those species that a person could not find direct use are also doomed. Their natural abode and their resources were taken away and ruthlessly destroyed in the purposeful promotion of humanity ahead. No less sad fate awaits and untouched wildlife, which is still needed as a natural habitat of the person himself for his physical and spiritual life. After all, the violating environmental equilibrium and irreparably reducing the life-supporting capacity of the planet, a person can eventually deal with his own type of atomic bomb in such an end.

And this is not the only thing that the new acquisitive power of man affected his own position. Modern man began to live longer, which led to a demographic explosion. He learned to produce more than ever, all sorts of things, and besides significantly shorter time. Modifting Gargantua, he developed an insatiable appetite for consumption and possession, producing more and more, involving himself in a vicious growth range, which is not visible to the end.

The phenomenon was born, which began to be called industrial, scientific, and more often by the scientific and technical revolution. The latter began when a person realized that it could effectively and on an industrial scale to practice his scientific knowledge about the world around. This process is now in full swing and everything is dialing and gaining speed. "

(According to A. Pechesti)

1) Make a text plan. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and encroach each of them.

3) Suppose why constant growth in production and consumption threatens the future of humanity. Express two assumptions.

5) In 1900, the population of the Earth reached 1650 million people; In 1926 it amounted to 2 billion people; On the third billion left 34 years; The next billion was added for 14 years; Then - for 13; The increase in population from 5 to 6 billion people took 12 years and ended in 1999. What is the idea of \u200b\u200bthe author illustrate the facts? What is the danger of the continuing growth in the population of the Earth?

1. Text Plan:

Influence of a modern man on nature.

The growth of human needs.

Scientific and technical revolution.

Those types (types of plants and animals) who have chosen to meet his needs, have long been adapted to its requirements with the sole purpose - to produce as much food and raw materials as possible.

Those species that a person could not find direct use are doomed, because the natural abode and their resources were taken away and ruthlessly destroyed in the purposeful promotion of humanity forward.

The sad fate awaits and untouched wildlife, which is still needed as a natural habitat of the person himself for his physical and spiritual life.

3. Two assumptions:

The growth of production and consumption leads to the search for additional resources, which leads a person to the most remote and untouched corners wildlife. In turn, it violates and so shade equilibrium of man and wildlife.

A continuous growth in production and consumption will be accompanied by an increase in waste, which can lead to a global environmental catastrophe. For example, an increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere threatens "greenhouse effect."

The struggle for the redistribution of resources is the "Third World War".

The two largest achievements of the NTR:

the Internet;

mobile connection.

Such facts illustrate the next idea of \u200b\u200bthe author: "A modern man has become longer to live, which led to a demographic explosion."

Danger in the coming overcrowding of the planet, which is not enough resources to feed such a number of people. It threatens humanity with new wars, social cataclysms and other troubles.

Wildlife allows a person to enjoy a sense of excellent, feel harmony with nature, experience a feeling of peace, etc.

The information revolution that happens in modern conditions creates real technical and technological foundations for solving global problems. Extra distribution is obtained by an economy, built on a combination of market mechanisms and state regulation natural economic processes allowing effective social defense Population, overcome the conflict between the efficiency of production and the social interests of people.

Arguments:

Gradually approved in the minds of politicians and becomes a reality the idea of \u200b\u200bnon-violence, solving problems of emerging problems, but by negotiations, the search for compromises. It goes into the past irreconcilable ideological confrontation, which poured into a psychological war. The basics for tolerance and mutual cooperation within the world community are gradually strengthened, which creates joint actions to solve global problems.